brisbane valley protein precinct: land resource assessment...integrated sustainability systems - abn...

Integrated Sustainability Systems - ABN 66 970 400 598

REPORT

Brisbane Valley Protein Precinct:

Land Resource Assessment

Prepared for EcoNetworks

Attention of

Mr Steven Towner (Director EcoNetworks)

Date 31 August 2016

Author Dr Evan Thomas

Project Number ECON0082

ECON0082| Brisbane Valley Protein Precinct Draft Soils Report

1st Draft August 2016| of 54

Document Control

Version Date Author Reviewer

1 9/ 8/16 E Thomas S Towner

2 31/8/16 E Thomas S Towner/D Gibbs

Important Notice

This Report has been prepared in accordance with the brief provided by the Client and has relied upon the information collected at or under the times and conditions specified in the Report. All findings, conclusions or recommendations contained within the Report are based only on the aforementioned circumstances. Furthermore, the Report is for the use of the Client only and no responsibility will be taken for its use by other parties.



EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The Brisbane Valley Protein Precinct (the Project) is a project proposed for an area of approximately 1000 ha, focussed on establishing an agricultural development that provides an exemplar of sustainable management for livestock industries. In addition to production areas (pens, sheds and abattoirs), the development will house a visitors’ centre, educational and interpretive trails, training facilities and accommodation cabins. As much as possible the facilities will use local produce from the Brisbane Valley. The Project is located within the catchment of the Wivenhoe Dam and consequently has to manage environmental risks within the requirements of the drinking water catchment. To address potential land management and soil erosion issues and to better develop sustainable land management practices that will support the Project, a land resource assessment by INTSS was commissioned. The potential for irrigation was a consideration in the study. This survey provides an overview of the soil resources and recommendations for their management. The survey found that the 1000ha Project area included a range of soil types dominated by Chromosols on the low undulating land adjacent to the Creek and Rudosols on the steeper slopes and rises.

Soil Unit area (ha)

Creek and adjacent flats 37

Brown Rudosols 353

Loam Surfaced Brown Rudosols 135

Deeper Brown Chromosol 186

Shallow Brown Chromosol 313

Approximately 190 ha of deeper Chromosols could be suited to cropping provided the care was undertaken not to expose the subsoil. Irrigation of these soils should only be considered after further detailed sampling and chemical analyses of the soil profile and the irrigation water, to ensure that the irrigation does not cause environmental harm or offsite impacts.

Typical deeper Chromosol (Site 18).



Considerable gully erosion was observed, associated with drainage lines and waterway construction along the creek. These areas require remediation to prevent further deterioration.



TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Introduction................................................................................................................................................. 6

2. Methods ......................................................................................................................................................... 6

Pre-survey Desktop assessment ............................................................................................................... 6 Field Survey method ..................................................................................................................................... 6

3. Results and Discussion ............................................................................................................................ 8

Pre-survey Desktop assessment ............................................................................................................... 8 Field Results Summary ................................................................................................................................. 8 Land Resource Management .................................................................................................................... 10 Irrigation risk management ..................................................................................................................... 11

4. Conclusions ................................................................................................................................................12

5. References ..................................................................................................................................................12

APPENDIX A .......................................................................................................................................................13



1. Introduction

The Brisbane Valley Protein Precinct (the Project) is a proposal focussed on establishing an agricultural development that will provide an exemplar of sustainable management for livestock industries. In addition to production areas (pens, sheds and abattoirs), the development will house a visitors’ centre, educational and interpretive trails, training facilities and accommodation cabins. As much as possible the facilities will use local produce from the Brisbane Valley. The Project is located within the catchment of the Wivenhoe Dam and consequently has to manage environmental risks within the requirements of the drinking water catchment. To address potential land management and soil erosion issues, and to better develop sustainable land management practices to support the Project a land resource assessment by INTSS was commissioned.

2. Methods

Pre-survey Desktop assessment A desktop assessment of published information on the land resources of the Moreton Region (DPI 1996) and satellite imagery of the area indicated potentially 2-3 soils that may be present on site. These soils were within the Helidon Forest Land Resource Area and included Red and Yellow Kurosols, Chromosols, Dermosols and Rudosols.

Field Survey method A free survey method was employed guided by the Desktop assessment that is consistent with McKenzie et al. 2008, the National Committee on Soil and Terrain (2009) and Isbell, RF and the National Committee on Soil and Terrain (2016). Soil profiles (Bore logs) were recorded from a push tube (undisturbed core) and with a Jarret Auger. Where possible exposures (cuttings and exposed profiles) were used to establish a greater understanding of the whole profile including depth to the regolith. The scale of the survey was comprised of 40 sites and is approximately 1:50000 scale with an approximate breakup of sites surveyed as below.

Table 1: Survey density Number or sites

Total days total detailed Total obs

min max min max min max min max

20 40 0.8 1.6 5 10 15 30

Field Equipment Suunto Clinometer, Measuring tape Field soil pH kit, Munsell Soil Colour Charts Dormer 75mm Jarret Auger Hand held GPS (Garmin Montana 650T) Digital Camera (14MP)

Gibson engineering 1.2m push tubes Soil profile layout tray De-ionised water misting spray pump Soil sampling bags



Details for each location are located in Appendix A.

Figure 1: Location of Soil Survey Sites



3. Results and Discussion

Pre-survey Desktop assessment A desktop assessment of published information on the land resources of the Moreton Region (DPI 1996) and satellite imagery of the area indicated potentially 2-3 soils that may be present on site. The Project lies within the Helidon Forest Land Resource Area (LRA), with an underlying geology of coarse-grained sediments forming beds of sandstone (Helidon Sandstone) and conglomerates, and includes soils such as Red and Yellow Chromosols, Dermosols and Rudosols. The Helidon Forest LRA contains undulating to steep hills of sandstone, conglomerate, shale and siltstone, which support open forest of narrow-leafed ironbark, bloodwood, swamp mahogany and rough barked apple.

Field Results Summary The site is dominated by low hills and rises to the north of the creek that dissects the project area –west to east. The predominant soils on these hills and rises are Rudosols (shallow soils showing only rudimentary soil formation). Figure 1 above shows the profile for these hill soils (road cutting) with 10-20 cm of sandy loam overlying the parent material. These soils have been mapped as a separate unit. Within this unit small areas of other soils (shallow Chromosols) may also be found.

Figure 2: Rudosol Profile (Road Cutting)

Much of the Project area is dominated by (yellowy) Brown Chromosols (Duplex soils showing a defined contrast between the texture of the sandy surface layers over the more clayey and often mottled sub-soil). The primary difference in the Chromosols across this project area is in the thickness of the B21 horizon that overlies the layers of weathering sandstones.



This thicker layer provides a greater effective rooting depth and consequently greater plant-available water-holding capacity –estimated to be approximately 70mm for an effective rooting depth of 70cm for the deeper variants (Figure 2), and as little as 40mm for the shallower variants. These areas have been mapped as separate units. The current areas where cropping is being practiced generally represent areas where this layer is thicker. The lighter sandy clay subsoil (B22) grades into the decomposing sandstone with depth often with red and grey mottling between 50 and 80 cm indicating periodic water logging. The shallower Chromosols and the creek have also been mapped as separate units.

Figure 3: Typical deeper Chromosol (Site 18).

These Chromosols extend to the creek along most of its length, where active gullying has exposed the profile (Figure 4). The depth of the soil decreases with the distance from the creek. The soils appear to be highly erodible once the sub soil layers are exposed. They do not appear to be dispersive but may also be sodic.

Figure 4: Chromosol profile adjacent to Creek (Site



The texture of the surface layers of the Brown Chromosol toward the south-west corner is a loamy sand. Termites are a significant feature of this area. This soil has been mapped as a separate unit. Table 1 shows the estimated areas of the major soil units across the Project area.

Table 2: Area of primary soil units

Soil Unit area (ha)

Creek and adjacent flats 37

Brown Rudosols 353

Loam Surfaced Brown Rudosols 135

Deeper Brown Chromosol 186

Shallow Brown Chromosol 313

Land Resource Management The Rudosols are suitable for grazing of native pasture with stocking rates of 8ha to 1 animal equivalent (1AE = beast of 400kg) Land use of the Chromosol soils may be limited by slope, low fertility, irrigation water availability and susceptibility to erosion, even though they are not sodic and do not appear to be dispersible. The soils have low cohesiveness when wet and are prone to slaking (falling apart). Grazing of the Chromosols is recommended at 5 ha/AE and pasture improvement can be considered with a range of species including Leuceana, Siratro, Katambora Rhodes, Pangola, and Indian bluegrass. The Chromosols are less often used for cropping and horticulture in the region. This is often due to excessive slopes or periodic waterlogging as evidenced by the grey mottling generally present in the subsoils. This indicates that these soils may not be adequately drained. Consequently, irrigation of these soils will need to be carefully managed to avoid waterlogging, perched water tables and lateral subsurface drainage. The Chromosols are prone to sheet, rill/gully and stream bank erosion and significant evidence of this was present and associated with the drainage lines and the creek and evident where earthworks had been undertaken. The land is suitable for the development of a range of conservation measures where required such as: Narrow-based contour banks; diversion banks; and grassed waterways that have been pushed from the outside.

The subsoil is prone to slaking and consequently prevention of surface erosion is essential to effective land management. This will require the adoption of conservation tillage methods for areas of cropping on these soils. The construction of the waterway (Figure 5) removed the topsoil exposing the weaker subsoil to the erosive forces of the water spilling from the dam. Alternative waterway construction methods are recommended. Remediation of these eroded areas is required.



Figure 5: Eroded waterway adjacent to Creek.

Irrigation risk management Irrigation of land can result in land degradation or environmental harm off-site. Sustainable irrigation practices seek to balance crop demands for water and crop nutrition with plant needs so as to optimise growth and production and minimise water leaching below the root zone due to over-irrigation. This can lead to rise in saline water tables; and the potential for over-fertilisation resulting in nutrients entering groundwater and waterways, resulting in human disease (particularly with young children and pregnant mothers) or algal blooms. A brief desktop assessment of the soils using estimated data from similar soil types indicates that if appropriately managed the deeper Chromosols should be productive lands under irrigation. More detailed sampling and analyses of the soil and the water will be required to ensure that appropriate irrigation management practices are developed that optimise production and minimise the risk of environmental harm.



4. Conclusions

The Project area includes a range of soil types dominated by Chromosols on the low undulating land adjacent to the Creek and Rudosols on the steeper slopes and rises. Approximately 190 ha of deeper chromosols could be suitable for cropping provided care was undertaken to avoid exposure of the subsoil. Irrigation of these soils should only be considered after further detailed sampling and chemical analyses of the soil profile and the irrigation water, to ensure that the irrigation does not cause environmental harm or offsite impacts. Considerable gully erosion was observed, associated with drainage lines and waterway construction along the creek. These areas require remediation to prevent further deterioration.

5. References

Department of Natural Resources and Mines (DNRM)/Department of Science, Information, Technology, Innovation and the Arts (DSITIA) (2013a) Guidelines for Agricultural land Evaluation in Queensland, Second Edition, Brisbane, Queensland.

Department of Natural Resources and Mines (DNRM)/Department of Science, Information, Technology, Innovation and the Arts (DSITIA) (2013b) Regional Land Suitability Frameworks for Queensland, Second Edition, Brisbane, Queensland.

Department of Primary Industries (DPI)/ Department of Housing and Local Government and Planning (DHLGP) (1993) Planning Guidelines: The identification of Good Quality Agricultural Land. Brisbane, Queensland.

DPI (1996) Understanding and Managing Soils in the Moreton Region, Department of Primary Industries Brisbane.

Isbell, RF and the National Committee on Soil and Terrain (2016) The Australian Soil Classification (2nd edition), Australian Soil and Land Survey Handbook Series. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne

Mckenzie NJ, Coughlan KJ and Cresswell HP (2002). Soil Physical Measurement and Interpretation for Land Evaluation, Australian Soil and Land Survey Handbook Series. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne.

McKenzie NJ, Grundy MJ, Webster R, Ringrose-Voase AJ (2008) Guidelines for Surveying Soil and Land Resources, 2nd Edition, Australian Soil and Land Survey Handbook, CSIRO Publishing Melbourne

The National Committee on Soil and Terrain (2009) Australian Soil and Land Survey Field Handbook, 3rd Edition, Australian Soil and Land Survey Handbook, CSIRO Publishing Melbourne

ECON0082| Brisbane Valley Protein Precinct Soils Report


APPENDIX A

Detailed profile descriptions



Information Requirement Description Site 1 (WP29) Coordinates GDA94 Z56 E:454878; N:6970350 Date of inspection 4/8/16 Nature of exposure (Obs., Aug., Pit, etc.) Gully cutting Geology Helidon Sandstone Soil type (Aust Soil Classification) -estimated

Brown Chromosol

Landform pattern Gently undulating rises Landform element Valley Flat Site disturbance/modification Extensively cleared Current land use &/or cover/vegetation

Grazing

Slope 0 Rock outcrops N/A Surface coarse fragments (abundance/ size) N/A Soil surface condition Firm Root presence/absence Present Notes: EAT- no dispersion observed but B horizons did slake showing little cohesion between particles. Profile Morphology Horizon Upper - Lower

(m)

A11 0-0.1 Brown (10YR5/2) Sandy loam, Massive with pH 5.5 B21 0.1-0.5 Brown (10YR5/3) sandy Clay, Weak structure 5-10mm peds,

pH5.5 B22 0.5-1.5 Brown (10YR5/3) sandy Clay, Weak structure 5-10mm peds,

pH5.5 B3/C 1.5+ Decomposing sandstone Photographs:



Information Requirement Description

Site 2 &3 (WP30,31) Coordinates GDA94 Z56 E:456756; N:6969728 Date of inspection 4/8/16 Nature of exposure (Obs., Aug., Pit, etc.) Gully cutting Geology Helidon Sandstone Soil type (Aust Soil Classification) -estimated

Brown Chromosol


Grazing

Slope 0 Rock outcrops N/A Surface coarse fragments (abundance/ size) N/A Soil surface condition Firm Root presence/absence Present Notes: EAT- no dispersion observed but B horizons did slake showing little cohesion between particles. Profile Morphology Horizon Upper - Lower

(m)



pH5.5 B3/C 1.5+ Decomposing sandstone, pH 7.0 Photographs:




Site 4 (WP32) Coordinates GDA94 Z56 E:457088; N:6970235 Date of inspection 4/8/16 Nature of exposure (Obs., Aug., Pit, etc.) Obs Geology Helidon Sandstone Soil type (Aust Soil Classification) -estimated

Brown Chromosol


Grazing

Slope 0 Rock outcrops N/A Surface coarse fragments (abundance/ size) N/A Soil surface condition Firm Root presence/absence Present Notes: Rock over Creek Profile Morphology Horizon Upper - Lower

(m)

A11 0-0.1 Brown (10YR5/2) Sandy loam, Massive with pH 5.5 Photographs:




Site 5 (WP33) Coordinates GDA94 Z56 E:456129; N:6970038 Date of inspection 4/8/16 Nature of exposure (Obs., Aug., Pit, etc.) Obs Geology Helidon Sandstone Soil type (Aust Soil Classification) -estimated

Brown Chromosol


Grazing

Slope 0 Rock outcrops N/A Surface coarse fragments (abundance/ size) N/A Soil surface condition Firm Root presence/absence Present Notes: Profile Morphology Horizon Upper - Lower

(m)


pH5.5 Photographs:



Information Requirement Description Site 6 (WP35) Coordinates GDA94 Z56 E:453846; N:6970618 Date of inspection 4/8/16 Nature of exposure (Obs., Aug., Pit, etc.) Obs Geology Helidon Sandstone Soil type (Aust Soil Classification) -estimated

Brown Chromosol


Grazing


(m)


pH5.5 Photographs:



Information Requirement Description Site 7 (WP36) Coordinates GDA94 Z56 E:453178; N:6970827 Date of inspection 4/8/16 Nature of exposure (Obs., Aug., Pit, Core etc.)

Cutting

Geology Helidon Sandstone Soil type (Aust Soil Classification) -estimated

Brown Chromosol


Grazing

Slope 0 Rock outcrops N/A Surface coarse fragments (abundance/ size) N/A Soil surface condition Firm Root presence/absence Present Notes: Water hole with rock barrage – harder conglomerate Profile Morphology Horizon Upper - Lower

(m)


pH6.5 C 0.5-2.5 Photographs:




Obs.


Brown Chromosol


Grazing


(m)

A11 0-0.1 Brown (10YR5/2) Sandy loam, Massive with pH 5.5 Photographs: N/A




Obs


Brown Chromosol


Grazing

Slope 2 Rock outcrops N/A Surface coarse fragments (abundance/ size) N/A Soil surface condition Firm Root presence/absence Present Notes: S8 +200m Profile Morphology Horizon Upper - Lower

(m)





Obs


Brown Chromosol


Grazing


(m)





Exposure


Brown Chromosol


Grazing

Slope 2 Rock outcrops N/A Surface coarse fragments (abundance/ size) N/A Soil surface condition Firm Root presence/absence Present Notes: Dam spillway. Dam is just below transition from lower slop to flat beside creek. Profile Morphology Horizon Upper - Lower

(m)

A11 0-0.1 Brown (10YR5/2) Sandy loam, Massive with pH 5.5 B21 0.1-0.5 Brown (10YR5/3) sandy Clay, Weak structure 5-10mm peds, B22 0.5-1.5 Brown (10YR5/3) sandy Clay, Weak structure 5-10mm peds, B3/C 1.5+ Decomposing sandstone Photographs:




Obs


Brown Chromosol

Landform pattern Gently undulating rises Landform element Undulating rises Site disturbance/modification Extensively cleared Current land use &/or cover/vegetation

Grazing

Slope 4 Rock outcrops N/A Surface coarse fragments (abundance/ size) N/A Soil surface condition Firm Root presence/absence Present Notes: Creek into Dam Profile Morphology Horizon Upper - Lower

(m)





Obs


Brown Chromosol


Grazing

Slope 4 Rock outcrops N/A Surface coarse fragments (abundance/ size) N/A Soil surface condition Firm Root presence/absence Present Notes: Conglomerate forming basement to existing creek (cobles to 200mm rounded extends to at least WP43& 45) Profile Morphology Horizon Upper - Lower

(m)





Obs


Brown Chromosol


Grazing

Slope 4 Rock outcrops N/A Surface coarse fragments (abundance/ size) N/A Soil surface condition Firm Root presence/absence Present Notes: Profile showing sedimentary material overlying the basement of Conglomerate Profile Morphology Horizon Upper - Lower

(m)

A11 0-0.1 Brown (10YR5/2) Sandy loam, Massive with pH 5.5 B21 0.1-0.8 Brown (10YR5/3) sandy Clay, Weak structure 5-10mm peds, B22 0.8-1.5 Brown (10YR5/3) sandy Clay, Weak structure 5-10mm peds, B3 1.5+ Decomposing sandstone with cobbles Basement of Conglomerate Photographs:




Obs.


Brown Chromosol


Grazing


(m)





Obs.


Brown Chromosol

Landform pattern Moderately inclined rises Landform element Rolling hills Site disturbance/modification Extensively cleared Current land use &/or cover/vegetation

Grazing


(m)




Information Requirement Description Site 17 (WP46,47) Coordinates GDA94 Z56 E:455596; N:6971953 Date of inspection 4/8/16 Nature of exposure (Obs., Aug., Pit, Core etc.)

Cutting


Brown Rudosol


Grazing

Slope 10 Rock outcrops N/A Surface coarse fragments (abundance/ size) Many cobbles 60mm+ Soil surface condition Firm Root presence/absence Present Notes: and 17’ WP48 Profile Morphology Horizon Upper - Lower

(m)

A11 0-0.1 Brown (10YR3/2) Sandy loam, Massive with pH 5.5 Many cobbles 60mm+

B21 0.1-0.5 Brown (10YR5/4) Sandy loam, Massive with pH 5.5, Many cobbles 60mm+

B3 0.5+ Rock and cobbles Photographs:



Information Requirement Description Site 18 (WP49,50) Coordinates GDA94 Z56 E:454941; N:6970758 Date of inspection 4/8/16 Nature of exposure (Obs., Aug., Pit, Core etc.)

Push Tube


Brown Chromosol


Cropping


(m)

A11 0-0.15 Brown (10YR4/3) Sandy loam, Massive with pH 6.5 B21 0.15-0.65 Brown (10YR6/6) sandy loam, Weak structure 5-10mm peds,

pH7.0 B3/C 0.65+ Brown (10YR4/4) sandy Clay loam, Weak structure 5-10mm

peds, pH7.0, red mottling (30%) and some grey mottling Photographs:




Obs.


Brown Rudosol


Grazing

Slope 0, on crest; up to 10% on slopes Rock outcrops Yes Surface coarse fragments (abundance/ size) Yes Soil surface condition Firm Root presence/absence Present to 65cm Notes: Highpoint Profile Morphology Horizon Upper - Lower

(m)


Photographs:




Obs.


Brown Rudosol


Grazing

Slope 0, on crest; up to 10% on slopes Rock outcrops Yes Surface coarse fragments (abundance/ size) Yes Soil surface condition Firm Root presence/absence Present Notes: Gravel pit Shallow lithosol Profile Morphology Horizon Upper - Lower

(m)


Photographs:




Obs.


Brown Rudosol


Grazing

Slope 0, on crest; up to 10% on slopes Rock outcrops Yes Surface coarse fragments (abundance/ size) Yes Soil surface condition Firm Root presence/absence Present Notes: Ridge Profile Morphology Horizon Upper - Lower

(m)


Photographs:




Obs


Brown Rudosol


Grazing


(m)


Photographs:




Auger


Brown Chromosol


Grazing

Slope 4 Rock outcrops N/A Surface coarse fragments (abundance/ size) N/A Soil surface condition Firm Root presence/absence Present Notes: Ridge Profile Morphology Horizon Upper - Lower

(m)

A11 0-0.15 Brown (10YR4/2) Sandy Clay loam, Massive with pH 5.5 B21 0.15-0.4 Brown (10YR6/4) Medium Clay, Weak structure 5-10mm peds,





Obs


Brown Rudosol


Grazing


(m)


Photographs:




Cutting


Brown Chromosol


Grazing


(m)







Obs


Brown Rudosol


Grazing


(m)


Photographs:




Push Tube.


Brown Chromosol

Landform pattern Gently undulating Landform element Flat adjacent to waterway Site disturbance/modification Extensively cleared Current land use &/or cover/vegetation

Grazing

Slope 0 Rock outcrops N/A Surface coarse fragments (abundance/ size) N/A Soil surface condition Firm Root presence/absence Present Notes: and for WP 60 Profile Morphology Horizon Upper - Lower

(m)

A11 0-0.1 Brown (10YR4/2) Sandy Clay loam, Massive with pH 6.5 B21 0.1-0.5 Brown (10YR4/3) Sandy Clay, Weak structure 5-10mm peds,

pH6.5 B22 0.5-0.75 Brown (10YR5/3) Sandy Clay, Weak structure 5-10mm peds,

pH7.5 B3/C 0.75-1.0+ Brown (10YR4/1) Sandy Clay, Weak structure 5-10mm peds,

pH8.0 Photographs:




Cutting


Brown Chromosol


Grazing


(m)








Brown Chromosol


Grazing


(m)







Obs


Brown Chromosol


Grazing

Slope 0 Rock outcrops N/A Surface coarse fragments (abundance/ size) N/A Soil surface condition Firm Root presence/absence Present Notes: Blade ploughed Profile Morphology Horizon Upper - Lower

(m)

A11 0-0.1 Brown (10YR5/2) Sandy loam, Massive B21 0.1-0.5 Brown (10YR5/3) sandy Clay, Weak structure 5-10mm peds, Photographs:




Obs


Brown Chromosol


Grazing


(m)

A11 0-0.1 Brown (10YR5/2) Sandy loam, Massive B21 0.1-0.5 Brown (10YR5/3) sandy Clay, Weak structure 5-10mm peds, Photographs:




Obs


Brown Chromosol


Grazing

Slope 3 Rock outcrops N/A Surface coarse fragments (abundance/ size) N/A Soil surface condition Firm Root presence/absence Present Notes: Termites Profile Morphology Horizon Upper - Lower

(m)

A11 0-0.15 Brown (10YR5/2) Sandy loam, Massive B21 0.15+ Brown (10YR5/3) Loamy Sand, Massive to Weak structure 2-

5mm peds, Photographs:




Obs


Brown Chromosol


Grazing

Slope 3 Rock outcrops N/A Surface coarse fragments (abundance/ size) N/A Soil surface condition Firm Root presence/absence Present Notes: Termites Profile Morphology Horizon Upper - Lower

(m)

A11 0-0.1 Brown (10YR4/2) Loamy Sand, Massive, clear to B21 0.1-0.6 Brown (10YR4/3) Loamy sand, Massive to Weak structure 2-

5mm Angular peds, diffuse to B3/C 0.6+ Brown (10YR4/3) Sandy Clay, Weak structure, Photographs:




Obs


Brown Chromosol


Grazing

Slope 3 Rock outcrops N/A Surface coarse fragments (abundance/ size) N/A Soil surface condition Firm Root presence/absence Present Notes: Termite area Profile Morphology Horizon Upper - Lower

(m)

A11 0-0.1 Brown (10YR5/2) Loamy Sand, Massive Photographs:




Obs


Brown Chromosol


Grazing

Slope 3 Rock outcrops N/A Surface coarse fragments (abundance/ size) N/A Soil surface condition Firm Root presence/absence Present Notes: Termite area Profile Morphology Horizon Upper - Lower

(m)

A11 0-0.1 Brown (10YR5/2) Loamy Sand, Massive with pH 5.5 Photographs:




Obs


Brown Chromosol


Grazing


(m)

A11 0-0.15 Brown (10YR5/2) Loamy sand, Massive 0.15+ Auger resistance too stoney Photographs:





Brown Chromosol


Grazing


(m)


pH5.5 B3 0.6+ Brown (10YR5/4) sandy Clay, Weak structure 5-10mm peds,

pH5.5 Photographs:




Obs.


Brown Chromosol


Grazing


(m)


pH5.5 B3 0.25+ Brown (10YR5/4) sandy Clay, Weak structure 5-10mm peds,

pH5.5 Photographs:




Obs.


Brown Chromosol


Grazing


(m)

A11 0-0.1 Brown (10YR5/2) Sandy loam, Massive with pH 5.5 B21 0.1-0.2 Brown (10YR5/3) Sandy loam, Weak structure 5-10mm peds,

pH5.5 B22 0.2+ Too stoney -many large coarse fragments Photographs:





Brown Chromosol


Cropping


(m)

A11 0-0.1 Brown (10YR4/1) Light Sandy Clay, Granular 2-5 mm peds B21 0.1-0.3 Brown (10YR4/2) Medium clay, Granular structure 2-5mm

peds B22 0.3-0.4+ Brown (10YR5/4) Medium Clay, Moderate structure, 5-10mm

peds, grey and yellow mottles (30%) Photographs:




Obs/ Cutting


Brown Chromosol


Grazing

Slope 1 Rock outcrops N/A Surface coarse fragments (abundance/ size) N/A Soil surface condition Firm Root presence/absence Present Notes: Dump Profile Morphology Horizon Upper - Lower

(m)







Obs


Hydrosol

Landform pattern Level area Landform element Edge of Back Plan of Lockyer Creek Site disturbance/modification Extensively cleared Current land use &/or cover/vegetation

Grazing/Wetland

Slope 0 Rock outcrops N/A Surface coarse fragments (abundance/ size) N/A Soil surface condition Firm Root presence/absence Present Notes: wetland Profile Morphology Horizon Upper - Lower

(m)

A11 0-0.1 Brown (10YR5/2) Sandy Clay Photographs:

brisbane valley protein precinct: land resource assessment...integrated sustainability systems - abn...

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