british historical figures storybook

7/27/2019 British Historical Figures Storybook

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Write the following on page 23

During the 15th and 16th Centuries, England

evolved from a feudal monarchy with tyrant

kings into a constitutional monarchy with a

powerful Parliament.

This is the story of how this happened


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Henry VIII, King of England from

1509-1547

had 6 wives, 1st one was

Catherine of Aragon, a Catholic,

they had a daughter, Mary

He wanted a younger woman,

the Pope would not grant him a

divorce,

so he started the Church of

England, making himself Head of

the Church and divorcedCatherine, to marry Anne

Boleyn, a Protestant (non

Catholic)

He and Anne had a daughter,

Elizabeth He grew bored with Anne and

had her beheaded

Henry wanted/needed a son, he

married Jane Seymour, and they

had Edward IV, a very sickly child Jane died after giving birth


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Edward IV, only son

of Henry VIII and

Jane Seymour Crowned King of

England in 1547 at

the age of 9 He was a very sickly

child and died at

age 15, leaving no

male heir to the

throne


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Bloody Mary, Catholic

daughter of Henry VIII,

becomes queen ofEngland in 1553-1558

begins persecution of

Protestants. Shes crazy and hates

Elizabeth

She dies leaving no heirs


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Elizabeth I of England, Protestant

daughter of Henry VIII and Anne

Bolyen

Became queen in 1558 upon the

death of bloody Mary

Elizabeth wanted Peace in England,

chose NOT to persecute Catholics in

revenge

Elizabeth was known as The GoodQueen, The Virgin Queen, and

ruled England during its Golden Age

Shakespeare and exploration of the

New World began during her reign Under her, England became the most

powerful empire in the world

Elizabeth never married and had no

children, died in 1603


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James I, cousin of Queen

Elizabeth, became King of

England in 1603

James mother was Mary,

Queen of Scots, (not the

same as Bloody Mary) and

they were Protestants

His reign was marked by

conflict with Parliament

and social unrest

He died in 1625, and hisson, Charles I, became King


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Charles I, became King of England in

1625

Charles was Protestant, but married a

Catholic, which increased religious

tensions in England He began persecution of Puritans (these

were Protestants who wanted to

separate from the Church of England)

During the first years of his reign,

Parliament issued the Petition of Right,

following an on-going power struggle

between the two

At the end of his reign, England entered

a civil war and he was executed in 1647

Puritan leader, Oliver Cromwell, was

named Lord and Protector of England in1651


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Oliver Cromwell, reigned as Lord

and Protector (essentially a

dictator) from 1653-1658

One of the most controversial

figures in British history Considered a regicidal dictator

by some

Others consider him a great

liberator

He was super religious, a devoutPuritan, convinced that God was

guiding his actions

He brutally persecuted and

murdered Catholics in Ireland and

Scotland

He had been buried in

Westminster Abbey, but after the

Royalists returned to power, they

had his corpse dug up, hung in

chains, and beheaded.


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Charles II, son of Charles I, had

been in exile since 1651 as he

knew Oliver Cromwell would kill

him

Upon Cromwells death, Charles

returned to the throne in 1658 and

the monarchy was restored

He had serious conflicts with

Parliament and dissolved them in1681 (told them they could no

longer meet or make laws)

He ruled alone, with no

Parliament, until his death in 1685

He converted to Catholicism on his

deathbed


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James II, Catholic brother of

Charles II, became king upon

his brothers death in 1685

James wanted absolutepower and ignored

Parliamentary rules

He tried to pack Parliament

with Catholics

When he couldnt, he

appointed them to the

highest offices in England

Protestants feared that

James would beginpersecuting them again

They felt threatened and

began plotting to overthrow

him


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William, Prince of Orange was a Protestant

He was not a blood relative of James II

Hed fought many wars against the powerful

Catholic French King, Louis XIVHe was viewed as a champion by

Protestants who feared a Catholic

domination under James II


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Mary, eldest, Protestant daughter of

James II and his first wife, Anne Hyde

Her uncle was Charles II

Her father converted to Catholicism in

1669, but she and her sister remainedProtestant

Her cousin was William of Orange

To appease Protestants in England, her

father, James II, betrothed her to William

of OrangeThey were married in 1677


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James II tried to establish

Freedom of Religion to non-

Anglicans (Catholics) by

suspending acts of Parliament

Parliament and Protestants

wanted him OutIn 1688, Parliament secretly

requested that William of

Orange return to England to

remove James II

In exchange, Parliament would

name him, and his wife, Kingand Queen

William and Mary ruled England

from 1688 till 1694

In 1689, Parliament issued the

English Bill of Rights

England had removed a bad

monarch in a bloodless revolution

and further limited the power of the

monarchy in writing

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