Broiler ManagementManual

Fast Growth

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TABLEOFCONTENTS1. KEYPOINTS...........................................................................................................................................................................2

2. STARTINGPERIOD.................................................................................................................................................................2

2.1. Qualityofdayoldchicks..............................................................................................................................................2

2.2. Environmentalfactors.................................................................................................................................................2

2.3. Feedandwater............................................................................................................................................................3

2.4. Lighting........................................................................................................................................................................4

3. FURTHERGROWTHANDDEVELOPMENT.............................................................................................................................4

3.1. Lighting........................................................................................................................................................................4

3.2. Growthcontrol............................................................................................................................................................4

3.3. Keypoints....................................................................................................................................................................5

4. VENTILATION........................................................................................................................................................................5

5. NUTRITIONANDFEEDING....................................................................................................................................................6

5.1. Feedpresentation........................................................................................................................................................6

5.2. Nutrientsrecommendations........................................................................................................................................7

5.3. Withdrawalfeed..........................................................................................................................................................7

5.4. Supplementalwholegrainfeeding:.............................................................................................................................7

5.5. Fasting..........................................................................................................................................................................7

6. TROUBLESHOOTING.............................................................................................................................................................8

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1. KEYPOINTSü Pre-placementhousepreparationwithefficientcontrolofthefeeders,drinkers,heaters,thermostatsandsensors,

floortemperatureandventilation.ü Optimumstarterperiodwitha7daybodyweightofatleast4.2timestheinitialchickweight.ü Controllinggrowthratebetween7-14daysusingalightingprogrammeforbetterframedevelopmentbeforeadding

musclemass,dependingonslaughterweight.ü Goodingredientquality,appropriatenutrientbalanceandoptimizedfeedintakewithgoodfeedpresentation.

2. STARTINGPERIODThefirstweekoflifeiskeytoensurefutureperformance.Thebird’sbodyweightincreases4.2to4.5timesoverthefirstweek,andanextra10gofbodyweightat7dayscanincreasethe40daysweightby50-60g.

2.1. Qualityofdayoldchicks• Checkthequalityofthedayoldchicks(asampleofatleast30chicks)usingthetablebelow.• Weigharepresentativenumberofchicksatrandomtogetanaccurateinitialbodyweightanduniformity,inorderto

adaptyourmanagementaccordingtotheresults.

Parameters CharacteristicsEyes Dry,cleanandbrightNavel(2) SealedandcleanBeak Clean,freefromredspots(4)andmalformationFeet Warm,freefromdeformedtoe,malformation,redandswollenhocks(3)Activity(1) Placeachickonitsback,itshouldstandupwithin3secondsDownandappearance Cleananddry

• Agoodqualitychickismainlyperceivedbyitsactivity,somechirping,theabsenceofrespiratoryanomaliesandaproperlyhealednavel.

2.2. EnvironmentalfactorsNewlyhatchedchicksarenotcapableoffullyregulatingtheirbodytemperature.

• Makesurethehouseandthefloorisniceandwarm(Appendix1).Thetemperaturezoneforababychickisverytight(32-33°C).Below32°C,thechickisnotcapableofmaintainingitsbodytemperature.

• Check and record the temperature, humidity, air speed, and observe the chick behavior (position, chirping, andattitude,feedinganddrinkingactivity).

Figure1:Activity Figure2:Nabelnotsealedproperly

Figure1:RedHock Figure2:RedSpot

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• Theadjustmentoftheequipmentisbasedonobservationofthechickbehavior.• Chicksfromyoungbreederhensaresmallerandsorequireahighertemperature,about1°Chigherforthefirstweek.• Ifchickshavecoldfeet,increasethetemperatureto34-35°Cforatleast4-6hours.Reassessfeettemperatureregularly

untiltheycomebacktonormalbeforedecreasingthehousetemperature.

2.3. FeedandwaterEarly feeding stimulates the development of the chick’sgastrointestinalsystemandpromotesresorptionoftheyolksac.

• Floorareaneedstobecoveredwith feedingpoints (paper,eggtrays,pansand/ortroughs)whenthechicksarrive,andplacednexttoadrinkingsourcesothatthechickscanalsofindwaterstraightaway(Appendix2).

• 40 to 60 grams of crumb or mini-pellet feed on paper isrecommendedin40to50%ofthebroodingarea.Thispaper,ifnotbiodegradable,shouldberemovedonthethirdday.

• Supplementaryfeedersoreggtrays(1for100chicks)shouldbe provided the first 7-10 days, as they are essential for asuccessful change to pan or chain feeders, before beingremovedwhen chicks are able to eat into feed pans fromoutsideandcannotsleepinsidethemanymore.

• Renewthefeedatregularintervalsduringthefirst3-5daysaccordingtochicksize.

Waterisveryimportantasbirdscandrink1.6to2timesasmuchastheyeat,dependingonageandwateringsystem.

• Refillingandcleaningdrinkers(roundandtrough)shouldtakeplaceseveraltimesadayduringthefirstweek.

• Usesupplementarydrinkersforthefirst24-72hoursincaseofbellortroughdrinkers,adjusttheheightofthedrinkinglines(nipples)andthewaterpressureeveryday.

8and24hoursafterplacement,at least80%and96%ofchicks,respectively,shouldhaveacropfulloffeedandwater.Ifnot,reviewfeedplacement,qualityandwatersupplyandthebroodingconditions(temperature,lightintensity,chickquality…).

Figure7:Feedonpaperatstart

Figure8:Full,softandroundedcrop

Figure5:Toocold Figure6:ToohotFigure4:Goodtemperature

Figure3:Draught

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2.4. LightingTheHUBBARDrecommendedlightingprogramme:

Age(days) Numberofdarkperiod Hoursofdark Intensity(lux)0-4 6 6times30min=3hours >505 1 4 406 1 4 30

• Shortdarkperiodswithamaximumlightintensitythefirst4daysareusefultostimulatechickstoeatanddrinkeach

timethelightisonagain,andpreventthemfromhuddlingandsleepinginsomearea(cornersforexample)foralongtime.

• After4daysa<onedark>periodlightingprogrammemaybeimplemented.• Lightintensityshouldbestronginthebroodingarea(>50lux).• Indark-outandsemi-closedhouses,lightintensityshouldbegraduallyreducedto30-20luxbetween7and12days.

3. FURTHERGROWTHANDDEVELOPMENTFromthesecondweekoflife,furthergrowthanddevelopmentoccursinskeletal,organsandmusclemass.Ifbirdsgrowtoofast,theywillhavepoorskeletonquality,highmetabolicproblemsandlowerresistance(moresusceptibletodisease).Slowingdowngrowthduringthistimewillhelptopreventtheseproblems.

3.1. LightingTheHUBBARDrecommendedlightingprogrammedependingonlocalregulationsandstandards:

Age(days) Marketbodyweightobjective(kg)

Hoursofdark Intensity(lux)

7-14<1.6 4

30to10-201.6-2.4 6-8>2.4 6-12

15-21

4-10Adaptedtothebehaviorand

regulation22-28 4-629-D-2 4

D-2toend 1

• Asingledarkperiodappliedeverydayisefficienttoreducemortalityandlegproblemsandimprovefeedconversion.• Darkperiodsareespeciallyusefulfrom7to21daystoallowbirdstogrowasolidframeandthusreducefutureleg

disorders.• Theoptimaldurationdependsonfinalbodyweight,genotype,feedformandcompositionandthesensitivityofthe

farmtometabolicproblem.• Becausethefeedpatternofbroilersistoeatanddrinkbeforethedarkperiod,itisimportanttoswitchoffthelight

everydayatthesametime.• Long dark periods are increasing the activity of the birds during daytime, favoring amongst other factors, the

occurrenceofskinscratchesandtears.So,whenskininjuriesarealreadyaconcern,werecommendnottoimplementmorethan4hoursofdarknessafter21daysdependingonlocalregulationorveterinaryadvice.

3.2. Growthcontrol2main objectives: 1) to improve the skeletal quality thus preparing thebroiler to support compensatory growth and obtain an improved feedconversionwithlessmortality,cullsanddowngrades,2)toreducethelevelofsuddenandlatemortalityandproblemsofascites.

• Thelightingprogrammeafter5daysofagemaybefurtherdelayedby1to3daysforchicksfromyoungbreederhens.

Bodyweight 1.5kg 2.8kg CVGood <10 <12Average 11-14 12-16Poor >14 >16

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• Oncechickscanreacheasilythebottomofthefeeder(normallyfrom10-14daysofage),regularfeederemptyingprocedureshouldbeimplemented.Birdsshouldbeallowedtoeatalmostallthefeedbeforefreshfeedisdistributed,inordertoreducetheamountoffineparticlesaccumulatinginthepans

• Feedersshouldbeemptiedeverydayfrom20daysofage.• Interruptthefeedsupplybeforethelightgoesoffandtakeadvantageofthechick’shungerwhenlightisonagainto

reducetheamountoffineparticlesbeforerefillingthefeederswithfreshfeed.• Weighingchicksonarrivalandthenevery7daysisawaytofollowthegrowth.

3.3. KeypointsKeypointstorecord Keypointstodo/checkeverydayWeightevery7days Temperature(miniandmaxi)Dailymortalityandselection Humidity(miniandmaxi)Amountoffeedandwaterused LitterqualityMinimumandmaximumtemperature Deadandweakbirds+cullingVaccinationandtreatmentgiven Feedersanddrinkers

4. VENTILATIONVentilationmanagementshouldmeet2objectives:

• Keeptheambientparametersinsideadefinedrangedependingonbirds’age.• Ensureagooddistributionoffreshaironallbirdswherevertheyarelocatedinsidethehouse.

Tableaboutrecommendedrangeforambientparametersandrequiredrenewingratetokeepthemwithintherange.Parameter Range Requiredventilationin

m3/kg/hFactorsaffectingtheoptimumlevelandrequiredventilation

Temperature 34to18°C 0.5to6m3/kg/h AgeandfeathercoverHumidity 40to70% 0.5tomorethan2

m3/kg/hInsideandoutsideconditions

Airspeed 0.1to3.5m/sec 0.5to6m3/kg/h Age,feathercoverandtemperatureAmmonia(NH3) <15ppm 0.5to4m3/kg/h Newlitterornot,litterhumidity,litter

treatment,littertemperatureOxygen >19.5% 0.1m3/kg/h NeveralimitingfactorCarbonMonoxide <50ppm MaintenanceofdirectcombustionheatersCarbondioxide <3000ppm(EU) 0.5-0.8m3/kg/h Directcombustionheaters,highheating

needs,birds’metabolismParticles undefined Lowhumidity,littermaterial,birdsactivitySeveralambientparametersaredependentoneachother,somodifyingoneisaffectingothers.Agoodexampleistherelationbetweentemperature,humidityandairspeedonactualtemperaturefeltbybirds.Duringthefirst3weeks,each0.1m/secabove0.3m/secisreducingthetemperaturefeltbybirdsby0.4to0.5°C.Also,verylowhumidityatstartreducessignificantlythetemperaturefeltbychicks(upto2-3°C).Fighting against the effect of high temperature is a challenge inmanyplaces and especially in humid climateswhere theefficiencyofevaporativecoolingisless.Intheseareas,thecapacityofthehousetogeneratehighairspeed(upto3.5m/sec)isinstrumentaltoalleviatetheheatstressonfullyfeatheredbirds.Besideaverageambientparameters,thedistributionoffreshairtoallbirdswherevertheyarelocatedisthesecretofagoodventilation. In regions, where the temperature is never falling below 20°C, permanent tunnel ventilation can succeed inreachingthisobjective.Nevertheless,inmostoftheproducingareas,theoutsidetemperaturemaydropbelow10°C,requiringanevendistributionofairinletsalongthehouse.Preventingairdraughtsatbirds’ level,whenoutside temperature is low, requires tobeable tocreateasufficient levelofnegativestaticpressureinordertointroducefreshairathighspeedbelowtheceiling,sothatitcanbemixedwithwarmairbeforefallingdownonbirds.Attheopposite,whentemperatureishigherthandesired,freshair ismoreefficientincoolingbirdswhenit isdirectedonthem.Anyway,evaporativewatercoolingbecomesnecessarybesideairspeedwhentemperaturerisesabove30-32°Cafter4weeksofageor28-29°Cafter5weeks.Themanagementofventilationreliesmoreandmoreoncontrollersandsensors,whichhavetheabilitytomakeabetterjobthanhumansona24hoursbasis,iftheyarewellsetandregularlycalibrated.Temperaturesensorsshouldreflectthecondition

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experiencedbybirdsandplacedclosetotheflooratstart,thenraisedprogressivelytopreventthatthereadingisaffectedbythepresenceornotofbirdsunderneathoraroundthesensor.Dataloggersanddiagnosistools(smokeemitters,airspeedmeters,etc.…)areusefultounderstandhowventilationactuallyworksinagivenhouseandfindadaptedsolutions.

5. NUTRITIONANDFEEDINGFeedintakecontrolsrateofgrowth.Accordingtothecharacteristicsofthebreedbeingreared,stimulatingorreducingtheirfeedintakehelpstowardsachievingtheoptimumperformance.Themainfactorsofstimulationarethefeedpresentationandthegrowingconditions.

5.1. FeedpresentationIntakeisdirectlylinkedtothequalityofthecrumbs,pellets(hardnessanddurability)ormash(particlesizeanduniformity)placedinthechainorpanfeeders.

• Providebirdswithauniformqualityfeed,whichisadaptedtotheirabilitytoeatandswallow,toreducefeedingtimeandenergyused.

• BroilergrowthandFCRwillbebetterifthestarterfeedisgiveninsievedcrumblesormini-pelletsfollowedbypelletsofappropriatesize(diameterandlength)toprocessing.

• Poorfeedpresentationwithhighleveloffineswillhaveanegativeimpactonbroilerintake.Byinstinctchickspickuplargerandmorepalatableparticlesoffeedandbecausefinefeedcontainshigherlevelsofadditives,vitaminsandtraceminerals,itwillgenerateanimbalanceinthebird’sintake.

• Thechangefromcrumbstopelletsisoftendifficultandcancauseswaste,aboveallifpelletsaretoobigfortheageofthebirdandthesizeoftheirbeak.

ScreenØ

Age(days) Feedpresentation <0.5mm +2mm

0-10Sievedcrumble =<10% =<30%

Mash =<25% =<20%Mini-pellet 1.8-2mmØand4mmlong

11-20

Crumble =<5% =<50%Mash =<20% =<30%Pellet 2.8-3.0mmØand5.0–6.0mmlong

>20 Mash =<15% =<40%21-30 Pellet 3.0-3.5mmØand6.0–7.0mmlong>30 Pellet 3.2-4.0mmØand7.0–8.0mmlong

Figure9:Chickstartercrumble Figure10:Goodpelletfeed Figure11:Coarsemashfeed

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5.2. NutrientsrecommendationsBroilernutrientsrecommendations:ing/kgper1000kcal(Mcal)ofmetabolisableenergy.

Theprogressmadeinrawmaterialanalysesanddigestibleaminoacidevaluationshouldavoidunnecessaryproteinexcess.Dietsshouldbeformulatedbasedonminimumdigestibleaminoacidlevels.Fromtheabovetable,nutritionistscanmakewhateverrationhe/sheisrequiredtodo.SeetwoexamplesofdietspecificationsinAppendix3.

5.3. Withdrawalfeed• Awithdrawalfeedisneededwhenpharmaceuticalfeedadditivesareusedtoavoidresidualcarcasscontaminationat

processing.• Refertolocallegislationtodeterminethewithdrawaltimerequired.

5.4. Supplementalwholegrainfeeding:• If supplementalwhole grain is added,make sure the dilution is taken into accountwhen the compound feed is

formulatedtokeepthenurientsattherecommendedlevels.• Thegrainsmaybeaddedafter7-10days.Startwith1to5%inclusionrate,thenaupto10%inthegrowerand30%in

thefinisher(upto40%forheavybroilers).Inclusionratewilldependonthefeedcomposition.• Wholegrainshouldberemovedtwodaysbeforecatchingtoavoidcarcasscontaminationatprocessing.

5.5. Fasting• Aminimumof8hoursoffastingisrequiredinordertoavoidcarcasscontaminationatprocessingfromfaecalejection

andfeedleftinthecrop.• Watershouldremainavailableuntilcatching.• Lightsshouldbedimmedtoavoidbirdsfromeatingwastedfoodinthelitter.

Agefed(days)SuggestedkcalME/kgMJMin.amino-acids Tot. Dig. Tot. Dig. Tot. Dig. Tot. Dig. Tot. Dig.Lysine 4.69 4.23 4.16 3.70 3.97 3.54 3.82 3.40 3.58 3.15 3.41 3.00Methionine 1.88 1.69 1.70 1.52 1.67 1.49 1.60 1.43 1.54 1.35 1.47 1.29Methionine+Cystine 3.56 3.17 3.20 2.81 3.09 2.72 2.98 2.62 2.82 2.46 2.66 2.34Valine 3.65 3.21 3.27 2.85 3.17 2.76 3.05 2.65 2.86 2.49 2.72 2.37Isoleucine 3.12 2.75 2.81 2.44 2.72 2.37 2.62 2.28 2.46 2.14 2.34 2.04Arginine 5.04 4.44 4.50 3.91 4.35 3.78 4.18 3.64 3.91 3.40 3.72 3.24Tryptophan 0.79 0.68 0.69 0.59 0.70 0.60 0.67 0.58 0.62 0.54 0.59 0.51Thréonine 3.16 2.75 2.81 2.44 2.72 2.37 2.62 2.28 2.46 2.14 2.34 2.04

Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max.Crudeprotein(1) 75.0 77.0 66.0 68.0 62.0 64.0 60.0 62.0 56.5 58.50 54.5 56.50Calcium 3.27 3.43 3.00 3.13 2.90 3.10 2.75 3.00 2.40 2.65 2.20 2.45Av.Phosphorus 1.60 1.65 1.45 1.50 1.30 1.35 1.20 1.25 1.15 1.20 1.05 1.10Sodium 0.52 0.75 0.50 0.65 0.50 0.60 0.48 0.57 0.50 0.60 0.48 0.57Chloride 0.52 1.00 0.50 0.70 0.50 0.70 0.50 0.70 0.50 0.70 0.50 0.70

FINISHER2&WITHDRAWAL

11.92-13.39 11.92-13.602850-3000 2850-310011.92-12.55 11.92-12.97 11.92-13.39

Hotconditionsand/ormashfeed

0to7/12 8/13to20/22

FINISHER1STARTER GROWER

2850-3200 2850-3250

Temperateclimateand/orpelletfeed

21/23to30/332850-3200

Hotconditionsand/ormashfeed

Temperateclimateand/orpelletfeed

After31/34

11.92-13.602850-3250

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6. TROUBLESHOOTINGOBSERVATIONS CAUSES CORRECTIVEACTIONS

Mortalityfirstweek>1% Chickquality CheckwiththehatcheryStarvation CheckfeedavailabilityandqualityandlightDehydration CheckwateravailabilityandqualityandlightEnvironment CheckhouseenvironmentparametersDisease Postmortemsondeadchicks/Vetadvice

Highmortalityrateinlategrowth Metabolicdiseases Checkhouseenvironmentparameters,lightingprogramme(growthcontrol),feedquality

Legproblems SeelegproblemsectionInfectiousdiseases Postmortemsondeadchicks/Vetadvice

Poorgrowththefirstweek Chickquality CheckwiththehatcheryEnvironment Checkhouseenvironmentparameters,lightingprogramme

(daylength)Nutrition Checkpre-starterdietavailabilityandqualityWaterintake Checkwateravailabilityandqualityadjustmentof

drinkers/nipples,n#birdsperdrinker,accessDisease Postmortemsondeadchicks/Vetadvice

Poorlategrowth Environment ventilationsettingsNutrition CheckfeedavailabilityandqualityWaterintake CheckwateravailabilityandqualityandnippleflowrateDisease Postmortemsondeadchicks/Vetadvice

Pooruniformity Chickuniformityatplacement

Checkwiththehatchery

Stockingdensity CheckstockingdensityisnottoohighFeedintake CheckfeederaccessandfeedqualityWaterintake CheckdrinkerspaceandwaterqualityEnvironment CheckhouseenvironmentparametersDisease Vetadvice

Poorfeedconversion Poorgrowth SeepoorgrowthsectionsPoorfeeddigestion PostmortemforexamininggutlesionsPoorfeedintake

Checkfeedquality,feedformandfeedersFeedwastage

Legproblems Nutrition Checkcalcium,phosphorus,vitaminD3,chloridelevelsindiets

Excessearlygrowth Slowdownthegrowthwiththelightingprogrammeorfeedrestriction

Poorfeathercover Environment CheckhousetemperatureisnottoohighNutrition Checkthefeedcontentinmethionineandcysteine

Poorlitterquality Environment UseanalternativebeddingsourceCheckstockingdensityisnottoohighCheckventilationissufficientandwelldistributedCheckifwaterspillage

Nutrition CheckproteincontentindietsisnotinexcessChecksaltcontentindietsisnotinexcess

Disease VetadviceregardinginfectiousdiseaseCarcassqualityproblems Breastblisters

PustulesChecklitterqualityatlateageChecklitterqualityatearlyage

BruisesSkintearsFractures

Checkhandlingandmanagementprocedures

Fatness ChecknutritionalbalanceofdietsCheckhousetemperatureisnottoohigh

Scratching DecreaselightintensityCheckaccesstofeedandwaterCheckcaretakersbehavior

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APPENDIX1:OPTIMALCONTROLLEDHOUSEENVIRONMENT

Thefloortemperatureshouldbeatleast29°Catplacement.APPENDIX2:EQUIPMENTANDSTOCKINGDENSITYStockingdensity finalweight(kg) Indicativekg/m2atmarkettime

Coldandtemperateweather Hotweather1.2 35 321.4 36 331.8 39 342.2 41 352.7 42 363.2 42 37Followthelocalregulationsifdifferentthanabove.Overstockinglowersthepotentialforoptimumperformanceduetothereducedgrowthinthelatterpartofgrowingandpooruniformity,andtheincreaseinFCR,mortality,cullsandrejects.

Water round 1/100birdstrough 2cm/birdnipples 1/10-15birdsnipples:ensurethatwaterpressureisconstantthroughthecompletelengthoftheline.noresidueordisinfectantinwater,nocloggednipples.Flowratecapacity:>40ml/mnsideactionand>60-80ml/mnbottomaction

Feed pans 1/60-70birds

Age(days) Temperature(°C) Relativehumidity(%) Airspeedm/s

Ventilation

Usingbrooders Wholehouseheating

Underthebrooder

Sideoflivingarea

0-3 38 30 33to31 40-600.1to0.3

Minimumventilationrate1.5to0.8m3/kgliveweight/hour

3-7 35 29 32to30 40-657-14 32 29-28 31to29 50-6514-21 29 28-27 29to27 50-65 0.3to2.021-28 27-24 27to24 50-6528-35 24-22 24to22 50-70 0.5to3.0>35 22-18 22to18 50-70

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APPENDIX3:NUTRIENTRECOMMENDATIONSExampleofdietspecificationsforbroilerswithaslaughterweightof1.8to2kgat30-34days:

Exampleofdietspecificationsforbroilerswithaslaughterweightof2.5to3kgat39-45days:

Agefed dayskcal/kgMJ/kg

Min.aminoacids Tot. Dig. Tot. Dig. Tot. Dig. Tot. Dig.Lysine % 1.41 1.27 1.27 1.13 1.20 1.07 1.09 0.96Methionine % 0.56 0.51 0.52 0.46 0.51 0.45 0.47 0.41Methionine+Cystine % 1.07 0.95 0.97 0.86 0.94 0.82 0.85 0.75Valine % 1.09 0.96 1.00 0.87 0.96 0.84 0.87 0.76Isoleucine % 0.94 0.82 0.86 0.74 0.82 0.72 0.75 0.65Arginine % 1.51 1.33 1.37 1.19 1.32 1.15 1.19 1.04Tryptophan % 0.24 0.20 0.21 0.18 0.21 0.18 0.19 0.16Thréonine % 0.95 0.82 0.86 0.74 0.82 0.72 0.75 0.65

Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max.Crudeprotein % 22.5 23.0 20.0 20.5 19.0 19.5 17.5 18.0Calcium % 0.98 1.03 0.92 0.95 0.87 0.95 0.70 0.78AvailablePhosphorus % 0.48 0.50 0.44 0.46 0.38 0.39 0.34 0.35Sodium % 0.16 0.23 0.15 0.20 0.15 0.18 0.15 0.18Chloride % 0.16 0.30 0.15 0.21 0.16 0.22 0.16 0.22Potassium % 0.80 0.95 0.80 0.90 0.75 0.85 0.70 0.80Crudefat % 4.00 6.00 4.50 7.00 5.00 8.00 5.50 9.00Linoleicacid % 1.20 2.50 1.20 3.00 1.40 4.00 1.40 4.00

3.0to3.5mmpellet 3.2to4.0mmpellet

3150 320012.55 12.76 13.18 13.39

FINISHER1 WITHDRAWAL0to10 11to22 23to30 30+STARTER GROWER

ME 3000 3050

Crumbsor2mmpellet Crumbsor2.8/3.0mm

Agefed dayskcal/kgMJ/kg

Min.aminoacids Tot. Dig. Tot. Dig. Tot. Dig. Tot. Dig.Lysine % 1.36 1.23 1.23 1.09 1.17 1.04 1.06 0.93Methionine % 0.54 0.49 0.50 0.45 0.49 0.44 0.45 0.40Methionine+Cystine % 1.03 0.92 0.94 0.83 0.91 0.80 0.82 0.73Valine % 1.06 0.93 0.97 0.84 0.93 0.81 0.84 0.73Isoleucine % 0.91 0.80 0.83 0.72 0.80 0.69 0.73 0.63Arginine % 1.46 1.29 1.33 1.15 1.28 1.11 1.15 1.00Tryptophan % 0.23 0.20 0.20 0.17 0.20 0.18 0.18 0.16Thréonine % 0.92 0.80 0.83 0.72 0.80 0.69 0.73 0.63

Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max.Crudeprotein % 22.0 22.5 19.5 20.0 18.5 19.0 17.0 17.5Calcium % 0.95 0.99 0.89 0.92 0.84 0.92 0.68 0.76AvailablePhosphorus % 0.46 0.48 0.43 0.44 0.37 0.38 0.33 0.34Sodium % 0.15 0.22 0.15 0.19 0.15 0.17 0.15 0.18Chloride % 0.15 0.29 0.15 0.21 0.15 0.21 0.16 0.22Potassium % 0.80 0.95 0.80 0.90 0.75 0.85 0.70 0.80Crudefat % 4.00 6.00 4.50 7.00 5.00 8.00 5.50 9.00Linoleicacid % 1.20 2.50 1.20 3.00 1.40 4.00 1.40 4.00

3.0to3.5mmpellet 3.2to4.0mmpellet

3050 310012.13 12.34 12.76 12.97

FINISHER1 WITHDRAWAL0to10 11to22 23to30 30+STARTER GROWER

ME 2900 2950

Crumbsor2mmpellet Crumbsor2.8/3.0mm

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OTHERHUBBARDTECHNICALDOCUMENTSBREEDERMANUALINCUBATIONGUIDENUTRITIONGUIDEOTHERSPECIFICTECHNICALDOCUMENTSThe performance data contained in this document was obtained from results and experience from our own research flocks and flocks of our customers. In no way does the data contained in this document constitute a warranty or guarantee of the same performance under different conditions of nutrition, density or physical or biological environment. In particular (but without limitation of foregoing) we do not grant any warranties regarding the fitness for purpose, performance, use, nature or quality of the flocks, nor any warranty regarding compliance with local legislation regarding health, welfare, or other aspects of animal production. Hubbard makes no representation as to the accuracy or completeness of the information contained in this document..

AMERICAS HUBBARD LLC 1070 MAIN STREET PIKEVILLE, TN 37367 – U.S.A. TEL. +1 (423) 447-6224 FAX +1 (423) 447-6661 contact.americas@hubbardbreeders.com

E.M.E.A./BRAZIL HUBBARD S.A.S. Le Fœil – BP 169 22800 Quintin – FRANCE TEL. +33-(0)2.96.79.63.70 FAX +33-(0)2.96.74.04.71 contact.emea@hubbardbreeders.com

ASIA HUBBARD S.A.S. Le Fœil – BP 169 22800 Quintin – FRANCE TEL. +33-(0)2.96.79.63.70 FAX +33-(0)2.96.74.04.71 contact.asia@hubbardbreeders.com

V-05-2016/T-05-2016