Broiler Management Broiler Management tipstips

Dr Tauheed Iqbal

BroilerBroilerBroiler is white feathered, fast growing, vigorous and well fleshed bird raised for meat purpose.

In control environment, broiler get its market weight(1700- 1800 gm) in less than six weeks with better feed conversion ratio.

Average Chick RateAverage Chick Rate2003-04 14.42004-05 18.112005-06 15.872006-07 16.732007-08 14.00

AverageAverage Broiler FarmBroiler Farm RateRate

2003-04 46.102004-05 65.112005-06 62.692006-07 68.352007-08 64.56

Broiler meat is cheaper, easily available and economical to buy.

It is free from any adulteration.

It is equally ideal & safe food for infants ,children, adults and old people.

Broiler meat

•It is good for people conscious about controlling their undesired body weight or seeking dieting to look smarter .•As poultry meat is having smaller percentage of fat than either beef /mutton, so it is beneficial in reducing risks of hardening of arteries.

Broiler meat

Broiler meatBroiler meat

Broiler meat is tender and easy to chew or grind and so it is easily digested.

Broiler meat has appealing flavour and blends up well with other food items to make various recipies.

General characteristics of General characteristics of broiler sector in Pakistanbroiler sector in PakistanBroiler farming in Pakistan is converted in to

modernized & scientific based environmental control shed a decade ago, inviting many investors from other part of society which could be healthy sign for the uplift of broiler industry as it has change the image of poultry farming.

Broiler sector is weak in its marketing due to non availability of sufficient processing facility & consumers disliking of frozen meat, which need to be given utmost importance by promoting consumer education and mobilizing other parts of society, e. g religious scholars, teachers and doctors.

Opportunities in broiler Opportunities in broiler business?business?

As we are still deficient in providing optimum protein to our common people to fulfill their daily requirement, and also we have no organized goat/sheep or calf farming: there is huge gap still exist which could only be fulfilled through commercial broiler farming.

If we could reduce our cost & improve quality by following HACCP criteria, then we could manage its export to middle east, Iran and Afghanistan.

As fast food concept is gaining popularity now a days, so this business could flourish in coming days.

As food commodities are getting short in whole world, so it will be very beneficial as far profitability is concerned. Live bird brand shops will be the bright future of broiler industry in Pakistan.

Broiler production as a Broiler production as a successful business in successful business in PakistanPakistanAs we know there is a consistent growth of

minimum 10-20 % in broiler sector every year & there is still profitability exist at least 10 rupees on an average per kg of live bird Produced. Chick companies are also getting 15% profitability per chick produced. Feed miller are getting 100 rupees per feed bag profitability.

Due to some true business man participation in this sector, we could hope that processing will come & its export will start & when it become stock-able item then its volume will also increase. After integration people will feel comfort in doing this business.

Banks are very comfortable while doing business with poultry-men & due to its shorter span businessman feel good regarding money circulation.

Threats faced by broiler Threats faced by broiler industry in Pakistanindustry in PakistanThere is lack of expertise in managing

this logical business.As broiler production is very hectic

business due to its shorter life span and faster metabolic growth, so its related persons have to keep their nerve strong to avoid any disaster situation.

We are facing harsh weather condition in Pakistan and our sheds are not equipped properly to handle the situation effectively.

Threats face by broiler Threats face by broiler industry in Pakistanindustry in Pakistan

Fluctuation in rates of ready to sale birds , feed rate, day old chick rate, fuel & electricity rates etc is a continuous threat to broiler industry.

Consistent quality of feed & chicks is not ensured, and it cause huge losses to our farmers.

Persistence of deadly infectious diseases also causing huge losses in broiler industry.

Lack of managemental expertise in broiler sector is also a big constraint.

Broiler meat is a perishable item,& still we are not having enough processed meat.

Right medicine & right dose for Right medicine & right dose for calculated duration calculated duration Proper dose of medicine should be

given for proper recommended period.

Dosage are based on specific concentration of antimicrobial in its formulation: given via water/feed based on live body weight of bird.

Water consumption of birds depends on body weight, environmental temperature, feed formulation and flock health status, so be careful in giving medicine to birds in coming weather .

Medication StyleMedication StyleMedicine should be given after consulting

with professionals doctors, not by quakes.Medicine should be selected after antibiotic

sensitivity test . Dosage of medicine should be set on body weight basis & complexity of disease should always be kept in mind.

Route of medication should also be kept in mind when expecting quick recovery, it might be oral or parentral.

While selecting medicine, rely on that medicine company which are following good manufacturing practices (GMP), irrespective of its cost. As quality product will do its job and lead to profitibility.

Routine monitoring by Routine monitoring by ownerownerDaily mortality counting and proper disposal.

Daily feed bags consumed record.Daily water usage record.Daily racking of litter.Daily monitoring of temperature and

humidity.Record keeping of medication and vaccine.Checking & maintenance of poultry

equipment/generator to avoid any problem.Weekly weight of birds and FCR comparison.Daily record keeping of ventilation like

temperature kept for cooling/heating, fans on timer /temp and inlet opening.

Weekly samples of feed should be tested from labs to check its quality.

Routine monitoring by Routine monitoring by ownerowner

Owner should remain in regular / close contact with doctor, managing staff to monitor the health status of birds (anti mortem & postmortem), so that disease or any abnormality could be judged early and could be controlled in beginning.

If necessary, representative samples of birds could be sent to lab for confirmation of any disease. Antibiotic sensitivity test/ titration for monitoring antibodies could also be done.

Water sample should be checked at least after six months for microbial and chemical analysis.

Bio-security of farm should be kept always at red alert. Visitors necessary to visit farm must understand the

spirit of bio-security.

Managing Labor by ownerManaging Labor by owner We have still constraint in having skill, trained and

efficient Labor at farm. Labor/worker and supervisory staff must be trained to

deal any emergency at farm. we could make three shifts rather than two to get max potential without creating any loophole/fatigue in management because it is not a 9 to 5 job, it is 1000 hours job ;keeping person always on toes.

Managing staff must know the basics of ventilation and could have strong observation regarding status of bird; this will help in early diagnosis of disease symptom.

Always take help from technology . Utilize shed controller to its max capacity and get help from indoor cameras.

Feed & water intake Feed & water intake monitoringmonitoring

Water intake is very good measure and useful gauge of broiler performance.

It is fairly in-expensive and quite reliable. Normally ratio of feed to water is 1/1.5. But

this ratio could be changed in heat stress and in disease condition.

We could measure water intake by digital meters.

We could measure feed intake by counting feed bags(50kg) or by measuring by digital scale attach with silo /hopper.

Chick receiving criteriaChick receiving criteriaChicks should not weigh less than 40

gm and its wt should be uniform.Chicks should have healed navel.Chick should not be dehydrated.Chicks should not have any deformity.Chick‘s eyes should be bright.Chick should be alert, active and

responsive.Chick should stand up well.Chick should be chirping.

Chick should be transported in vehicle having temperature not less than 80 F.

Check hatch out time and travel time to farm.

Check weight loss from hatchery to farm should also be noted.

Chicks samples should be sent to lab for testing against MG,MS and Salmonella.

If birds have difficulty in If birds have difficulty in achieving a balance b/w body heat achieving a balance b/w body heat production and heat loss, then birds production and heat loss, then birds are heat stressed.are heat stressed.

HEAT STRESS

How heat is produced in How heat is produced in body of bird & in shed?body of bird & in shed? Heat is produced by digestion, absorption &

metabolism within the body, which also includes maintenance and

growth of bird. Bird produced 11 BTU/Kg excess heat which need to be get rid of body.

Heat production is affected by Body weight of bird Breed of bird Level of production of bird Level of feed intake by bird Feed quality presented. Activity of bird. Heat is also added from roof & walls (non insulated). Heat also added from working litter.

How birds behave in heat How birds behave in heat stress?stress?

Birds will rest more and stand quietly.Birds simply crouch near walls or nipple

lines with their wings spread away from body and birds are busy in panting to alleviate in some way from rise up of their body heat.

Birds refused to take feed but water intake increases many fold.

Birds reduce their activity & exercise to limitise its heat production.

Steps to reduce heat Steps to reduce heat stressstress

Add additional supplement Add additional supplement in feed/waterin feed/waterElectrolyte balance of heat stressed

birds are altered due to panting. Blood pH is increased due to loss of carbon dioxide resulting in respiratory alkalosis, which ultimately reduces bird ideal water intake.

We could rectify it by adding electrolyte and could get quick relief by using vitamin C (Poustin c) in feed/water.

Proper time of feeding & withdrawing Proper time of feeding & withdrawing feedfeed

During late afternoon, there is rise in body temperature due to peak time of digestion in birds (when birds eat feed in early mid morning) . So we should manage its time of feed presentation and we could give period of darkness in late afternoon.

Should have readily available Should have readily available water?water?

Water should be of optimum quality and should be freely available. Nipples height should be at right according to age of birds. We could add nutritional supplement in water (vit c etc) to encourage water intake.

We should walk through the house to rise up the birds ,in order to get them on nipples to drink more & reduce their internal heat.

Ensure good ventilationEnsure good ventilation

By providing adequate ventilation to birds we could be able to reduce the heat stress faced by the birds. In this regard we could provide max air speed ,to get max wind chill effect. Air speed should not less than 2.5 m/sec.

Air exchange rate should be less than one minute in hot weather.

Modification in feed Modification in feed formulation formulation Energy content of diet should be

increased as there is reduced feed intake in heat stressed birds.

Fat level should be increased in feed, although fat digestion also increase metabolic heat.

Amino acids profile should be balanced.

Adequate level of vitamins and electrolyte should be added in feed.

Fasting could be helpful?Fasting could be helpful?

Fasting could be done to reduce heat production in body of birds during digestion, absorption and metabolism in hotter part of the day. Fasting will calm the birds.

What panting actually do?What panting actually do?

Panting is a protective mechanism of bird in some manner to help the birds in reducing heat stress. Panting will normally remove 540 calories per gram of water loss by the bird.

Panting could start when temperature rise above 30 C (when birds are young)

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