bronchial asthma. bronchial asthma one of the most common chronic diseases. one of the most common...
TRANSCRIPT
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Bronchial Asthma
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Bronchial Asthma
• One of the most common chronic diseases.• One of the most common cause of absentees
in schools.• 287000 deaths per year world over• In India 7.24% incidence
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Bronchial Asthma
• Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition of respiratory tract with hyper-responsiveness to certain irritants.
• Reversible broncho-constriction
• Usually episodic
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Risk Factors
Prenatal • Maternal smoking• Passive smoking• Stress to mother • Use of antibiotics by mother • Caesarean section
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Risk Factors
Childhood • Allergens• Smoke in environment• Passive smoking• Exposure to animals and birds• Bottle fed kids• Family size and domestic conditions• Economic status• Infections• Boys more than girls
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Risk Factors
Adults• Smoking• Occupational hazards• Repeated respiratory tract infections• Allergens• Women more than men
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Precipitating factors
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Pathophysiology
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Clinical features
• Episodic• Following upper respiratory tract infections• Exposure to allergens• Progressive dyspnea• Wheezing and rhonchi• Cough • Chest tightness
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Investigations
• Pulse Oximetry• ABGs• X-ray Chest• Eiosinophilia• PEFR• Spirometry• Skin testing
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Mild Asthma
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Features of Serious or life threatening Asthma
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PEFR(Peak Expiratory Flow Rate)
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Morning Dip in PEFR
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Treatment
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Inhalers
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Spacer devices
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Nebulizer
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Nebulizers
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Treatment
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Treatment
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Managing acute exacerbation
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Managing acute exacerbation
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Corticosteroid use
• Inhaler• Nebulized• Oral• Injectible
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Antibiotics
• Oral • Injectible• NO
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Prevention
Primary Prevention: • Patient awareness & Education• Lifestyle modificationSecondary Prevention:• Avoid precipitating factors• Avoid dusting when patient is around• Avoid carpets, open book shelves, stuffed toys,
paints, chemicals, smoking, brooms• Avoid foods containing allergens• Maintaining a diary of events, tasks, foods
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• Silent chest
• Ventilators
• Cardiac Asthma