brought to you by: kate lee, beth reinert, christie currie, and maggie gorski
TRANSCRIPT
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Phylum Arthropoda/Echinodermat
aBrought to you by: Kate Lee, Beth Reinert,
Christie Currie, and Maggie Gorski
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Main Characteristics Segmented animals Five subphylums: Trilobita, Cehelicerata,
Crustacea, Myriapoda, and Hexapoda Arthropods include insects, spiders, trilobites,
shrimp, lobsters, crabs, etc. Evolved around 545 million years ago around
the same time as chordates evolved
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Bilateral symmetry Coeloms Uses exoskeletons for structure and support Exoskeleton has three layers and the tough
covering is called the carapace. Most arthropods shed their exoskeleton
through a process called molting.
Subphylum Crustacea
•Macrocheira kaempferi (Japanese Spider Crab)
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Reproduce sexually through internal fertilization
Aquatic crustaceans use swimmerets that transfer sperm to egg.
The eggs then hatch into a free-swimming larva called a nauplius
Through many series of molting, the nauplius eventually develops into the adult form
Reproduction & Development
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Food passes through a one way digestive tract (mouth to anus).
Uses a digestive gland to mix food with enzymes
Excess water and wastes are eliminated using green glands.
Digestion and Excretion
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Open circulatory system uses hearts and vessels to transport
circulatory fluid throughout the crustacean Uses gills to exchange oxygen and carbon
dioxide for respiration
Nervous System has clusters of ganglia in the brain that
controls the body (cephalized) Ganglias throughout the body are
connected by a ventral nerve cord
Circulation and Respiration
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Tissues include heart tissues, nerve tissues, and gill tissues.
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Crustaceans use sensory hairs that sense vibrations and chemicals
Can be terrestrial or aquatic Some crustaceans are up to 4 meters long
Unique Features
The goose barnacle (Lepas anatifera) is an
aquatic crustacean.
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SubphylumInsecta
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Classes & Examples Order Hemiptera (“half wing”);
true bugs Order Homoptera (“like
wing”); aphids, mealy bugs, cicadas
Order Isoptera (“equal wing”); termites
Order Odonata (“toothed”); dragonflies, damselflies
Order Orthoptera (“straight wing”); grasshoppers, crickets, katydids
Order Coleoptera (“sheathed wing”); weevils, ladybugs, beetles
Order Coleoptera (“sheathed wing”); weevils, ladybugs, beetles
Order Diptera (“two wing”); mosquitoes, flies, gnats
Order Hymenoptera (“membrane wing”); bees, wasps, and ants
Order Lepidoptera (“scaled wing”); butterflies, moths
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Bilateral Symmetry
Symmetry
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The body of an insect is divided into three tagmata: the head, thorax, and abdomen.
Body Cavity
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Tissues Brain, Crop, Aorta,
Gastric Ceca, Ovary, Heart, Tracheae, Anus, Oviduct, Seminal Receptacle, Hindgut, Malphigian tubules, midgut, Ganglion, Ventral Nerve cord, gizzard, salivary glands, and the esophagus.
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Characteristics of most insects: a body consisting of a head, thorax, and abdomen; a pair of unbranched antennae; three pairs of jointed legs; and two pairs of wings.
Structure & Support
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Digestion & Excretion One way digestive tract Malphigian tubules
which collect water and cellular wastes from the hemolymph and produce a very concentrated mixture of wastes that is deposited in the hindgut and leaves the body with the feces.
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Open circulatory system Insects exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide
with the environment through a complex network of air tubes called trachea.
Circulation & Respiration
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Reproduction & Development
All insects have separate sexes and reproduce through internal fertilization
Develop either through incomplete metamorphosis
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Or incomplete metamorphosis
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Consists of a brain and a ventral nerve cord with ganglia located in each body segment.
Antennae contain sensory structures that respond to touch and smell.
Three simple eyes function to sense the intensity of light Two bulging compound eyes provide a wide field of view
and can detect movement and form images. The tympanum detects sounds Sensory hairs detect touch or movement by vibration
Nervous System
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Insect defense: warning coloration, Müllerian mimicry, Batesian mimicry, venomous stingers, spraying noxious chemicals
Unique Characteristics
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Insects communicate through pheromone, sound, and light.
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The Round Dance The Waggle Dance
Bee Dances