brown bag luncheon sep 9... · comply with drone registration requirements conduct preflight...
TRANSCRIPT
Drones for Environmental Assessment
Brown Bag Luncheon
T R R
September 9, 2016
1
Presentation Overview
Introduction
• Steve Ellingson
Regulatory Overview
• Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)
• Other Federal Requirements
• State/Local Requirements
Potential Environmental Applications
• Market Growth and Use
• Examples
2A&WMA Georgia Chapter
3
Regulatory Overview
Air & Waste Management Association
September 2016
4
What is a Drone (aka Small Unmanned Aircraft System)
A&WMA Georgia Chapter
▪ Visual line of slight ▪ Operate by "Exemption" ▪ Numerous Requirements
▪ Less than 55 lbs ▪ Good for 2 Years ▪ Effective 8/29/16
▪ Stay 5 miles from airport
Part 107
(remote pilot)
Recreation
Hobby
Commercial
(flight-for-hire)
Sec. 333
(private pilot)
5
Summary Timeline of Drone Regulation
Dow v. U.S.(no reasonableexpectation ofprivacy)
Drone Flightat UVA
(Drones not Regulated?)
FAA Modernization& Reform Act
Proposed Rule(80 FR 9544)
5/19/86
Registration Rule(80 FR 78594)
Final Rule(81 FR 42064)
GA Drone Law(HB 779, vetoed)
Effective Date(FAA Part 107)
10/17/11 2/14/12 2/23/15 12/16/15 5/3/16 6/28/16 8/29/16
A&WMA Georgia Chapter
A&WMA Georgia Chapter 6
Remote Pilot in Command (rPIC) Requirements
Must Hold Remote Pilot Airman Certification with Drone Rating
To Get Certification• Demonstrate Aeronautical Knowledge
‒ Pass Knowledge Test, or‒ Hold Current Pilot Certification and
Complete Online Training• Complete Successful TSA Vetting• Be at Least 16 Years Old
Other• No Alcohol Use or Alcohol/Drug
Convictions• No Interfering Physical or Mental
Conditions• Use English Language
Source: www.fanpop.com
Confidential Business Information 7
Remote Pilot in Command (rPIC) Responsibilities
Operate within Part 107 Rule, etc. Comply with Drone Registration
Requirements Conduct Preflight Inspection May “Daisy-Chain” Flights
• Inflight Handoff to Another rPIC
Upon Request Provide Drone, Documents, and Records for Testing or Inspection
Report Injury, Loss of Consciousness or Property Damage
May Deviate from Part 107 Rule in Emergency
A&WMA Georgia Chapter 8
Potential Three-Person Drone Flying Team
http://www.nasa.gov
1. Remote Pilot in Command (rPIC)• Must Maintain Visual Line of Sight
(VLOS)
2. Person Manipulating Flight Controls • Must be Directly Supervised by rPIC• rPIC Must be Able to Immediately
Take Control
3. Visual Observer (VO)• Supplement Situational Awareness
and VLOS
A&WMA Georgia Chapter 9
Summary of Operating LimitationsRemote Pilot in Command; Optional Visual Observer and/or Control-Manipulator
Fly < 100 mph Ground Speed,
Drone Registration Stay ˂ 400 ft Above Ground Level, or w/i 400 ftof Structure
Pre-Flight Checklist and Maintenance Minimum Visibility 3 miles
Suitable Medical Condition, No Impairment, and Carless or Reckless Operations
Stay Away from Clouds (< 500 ft vertically and 2,000 ft horizontally)
Maintain Visual Line of Sight (VLOS) Prohibited Operation Over People
Class G National Air Space Limitation (no Class B, C, D, or E w/o ATC approval; TFR/NOTAMS, etc.)
Operations from Moving Vehicles in Sparsely-populated Area Only
Daylight Operations Can Transport Property (no Haz Mats) w/ Limitations
Total Take-off Weight < 55 lbs Can Deviate from FAA Rules in Emergency
Report Accidents w/i 10 Days See also: FAA Summary of sUAS, 6/21/16
A&WMA Georgia Chapter 10
Potential Opportunity for Waivers
Plan Early; FAA Will Try to Process within 90 Days• Operating form Moving Vehicle/Aircraft*• Daylight Operation• Visual Line of Slight*• Visual Observer• Operate Multiple Drones• Yield Right-of-Way• Operation Over People• Operation in Certain Airspace• Other Limitations
‒ 100 mph, 400 ft, 3 miles, near clouds
* = Requirement cannot be waived for carrying packages
11A&WMA Georgia Chapter
Safe Use of National Air Space
POTENTIAL CONSIDERATIONS▪ Class G vs. B,C,D or E Air Space▪ Alert Area▪ Warning Area▪ Restricted Airspace▪ Prohibited Airspace▪ Military Operation Area▪ Controlled Firing Area▪ National Security Area▪ Regional/Local Airport Advisory▪ Temporary Flight Restriction
(NOTAM)▪ Parachute Jump Area
12
Metro. Atlanta Drone Flight Considerations
A&WMA Georgia Chapter
Kennesaw Mtn.Nat’l Battlefield Park
Dobbins AirReserve Base
ATL Airport
Source: http://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/where-drones-fly-legally-united-states-180954454/?no-ist
Confidential Business Information 13
Dynamic Changes to Airspace Limitations
Any Temporary Flight Restrictions (TFR)?• Check Notice to Airmen (NOTAM)
Before Each Flight
Philadelphia, PA• June 25 to 29, 2016 • Class A Airspace 30 Mile Radius• Class B Airspace 10 Mile Radius • Class C Airspace 3 Mile Radius
On Pre-Flight Checklist?
NOTAM List: https://pilotweb.nas.faa.gov/PilotWeb/
TFR List: http://tfr.faa.gov/tfr2/list.html
Temporary Flight Restriction
A&WMA Georgia Chapter 14
Limited Federal Preemption, But . . . .
FAA Only Regulates Use of National Air Space to Ensure Safety of Flight and People/Property on Ground• Some Areas Where Consultation is
Recommended
State, County City, Local Authorities Can Establish Other Requirements • Land Use, Zoning, Privacy, Trespass,
Hunting/Fishing, Voyeurism, Law Enforcement, etc.
• Georgia Example (HB 779, vetoed)‒ Cannot Weaponize Drones‒ Privacy Protections‒ Preempt Local/County Ordinances
A&WMA Georgia Chapter 15
Example: Other Federal Requirements
Requirement Reference Requirement Reference
Pre-Operational Checks of Mobile
Equipment
30 CFR 56.14100 Conduct Preflight Inspection 14 CFR 107.15
Accident Reporting w/i 15 Minutes 30 CFR 50.10 Accident Reporting w/i 10 Days 14 CFR 107.9
Death or Reasonable Potential of
Death
Serious Injury of Loss of
Consciousness
Any Other Accident Property Damage More Than $500
Report to MSHA Report to Regional Operations Center
Mine Safety & Health Admin. (MSHA) Federal Aviation Admin. (FAA)
A&WMA Georgia Chapter 16
A&WMA Southern Section State’s Legislation
SB 1777 Misdemeanor for drone use to conduct video surveillance of a person hunting/fishing. SB 1892 Misdemeanor for drone use to intentionally conduct surveillance of individual or property.
SB 796 Law enforcement can use drones w/ search warrant, to counter terrorist attack and prevent imminent danger to life.
HB 153 prohibits drones to capture images of open-air events and fireworks displays; prohibits the use over correctional facility.
SB 2106 Creates crime using drone to fly w/i250 feet of critical infrastructure. HB 2376 clarifies permissible for person to use drone on behalf institution of higher education
SB 2022 Using a drone to commit "peeping tom" activities is a felony.
HR 80, HR 81, SR 172 Resolutions to recognize the benefits of a thriving drone industry in state
Source: http://www.ncsl.org
A&WMA Georgia Chapter 17
Range of State-Specific Requirements
Source: http://www.ncsl.org
A&WMA Georgia Chapter 18
Potential Liability Concerns
FAA and Other Law/Regulatory Violations Tort Liability for Accident
• Personal Injury and/or Property Damage
Invasion of Privacy• Operating Above Non-Participating People
Trespass or Nuisance Insurance
• Covered by Commercial General Liability Policy?• Do You Need Drone-Specific Endorsement?• Some States Treat Drones Like Motor Vehicles and Impose Minimum
Insurance Requirements
• Can You Shift Risk to Subcontractor?• How Will They be Vetted and Selected?• Do They Have Ability to Defend/Withstand a Judgement?
A&WMA Georgia Chapter 19
Potential Liability Concerns - Continued
Drone Ownership and Operations by Your Company Know and Follow FAA and Other Laws/Regulations
Obtain and Maintain rPIC Status Use Applicable Best Practices
Additional Conditions of Drone Use• No Alcohol within 8 Hours of Flight• Blood Alcohol Must be < 0.04%• Potentially Impaired by Antihistamines or Decongestants• Other Medical Conditions (Epilepsy)
• Direct and Indirect Costs• Purchase, Register and Maintain Drone• Recurring Employee FAA Testing, TSA Vetting, Training, etc. • Plans: Pre-Flight, Health & Safety, Emergency Response, etc. • Data Processing Software
20
Potential Environmental Applications
Air & Waste Management Association
September 2016
A&WMA Georgia Chapter 21
Projected Drone Market Growth and Use
Top Five Markets
Projected Growth
Source: FAA Aerospace Forecast, FY16-36
A&WMA Georgia Chapter 22
Package Delivery By Drones
Amazon, Alphabet/Google, Walmart, Flirtey & 7-Eleven, and Others• Goal: 5-Pound Package in 30 Minutes• Ongoing Testing with Medical Supplies,
Emergency Food/Water, Candy Bars, Dog Treats, etc.
Must Follow Operating Limitations• Needs Remote Pilot • Total Weight Less Than 55 Pounds*• Maintain Visual Line of Sight*• No Hazardous Materials• Not Over Non-Participating People• Must Stay Intrastate
Will Drone Delivery be Economical?
* = Requirement cannot be waived by FAA
A&WMA Georgia Chapter 23
Data and Sample Gathering Capabilities
Sensor Type Typical Uses
Optical Camera (visible light) Photography, photogrammetry, mapping 3D-modeling
Thermal Imaging [infrared (IR)] Building heat leaks, broken solar panels, animals, search and rescue
Multispectral (visible, IR and some ultra violet)
Precision agricultural, crop health monitoring
Laser (LiDAR, LADAR) Surveying, high-resolution mapping
Other Sensors/Equipment Emissions, radiation, gas, electromagnetic, vapor
Sampling Equipment Air (summa canisters, Tedlar® bags),water, etc.
A&WMA Georgia Chapter 24
Drone Finds “River of Blood” In Texas
Recreational Drone Pilot Testing Camera• Found Blood in Creek
Downstream of Slaughter House• Called National Response Center
Began Investigation of Slaughter House• County District Attorney, TX Parks
& Wildlife, TCEQ and USEPA• Found Underground Pipe Flowing
to Creek• Eighteen-count Indictment
Against Company and Two VPs
Swine SlaughterHouse
Blood in Creek
Pip
e
Source: Dallas Morning News, 12/16/12
A&WMA Georgia Chapter 25
Drone Finds Waste Sites in Mojave Preserve
Results of prior homesteading
Location of Joshua Trees
Waste site
Waste site
Source: U.S. Geological Survey, UAS Project Office
A. B.
C. D.
A&WMA Georgia Chapter 26
Drones for Wildlife Research
Infrared image of caribou Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)of wetlands
Source: Christie et al., Front Ecol. Environ., 2016, 14(5): 241-251
A. B.
A&WMA Georgia Chapter 27
Ecohydrology of Arid WatershedsVegetation classificationby multispectral camera
Digital elevation model (DEM)from three-dimensional point cloud
Watershed and subwatershed elevations Simulated volumetric soil moisture
Source: Vivoni, et al., Ecosphere, Oct’14, Vol. 5(10), Article 130
A&WMA Georgia Chapter 28
Drones Monitoring Mining Sites
Normalized differencevegetation index (NDVI)
Tailingspond
A. B.
C. D.
Source: U.S. Geological Survey, UAS Project Office
A&WMA Georgia Chapter 29
River Habitat Mapping by Drones
Orthoimagemosaic
DigitalElevationModel(DEM)
Water depth
Current velocity
Habitat Suitability(Brown Trout)
Source: Whitehead et al.
A&WMA Georgia Chapter 30
Drones Monitoring Sage Grouse Leks
SageGrouse
Sage grouseon lek
Sage grouseon lek
A.
D.
B.
C.Source: USGS Open-File Report 2104-1205
A&WMA Georgia Chapter 31
Drone to Monitor Glaciers
20102011
Orthoimage mosaics, 10-meter contours
Source: Whitehead et al.
A&WMA Georgia Chapter 32
Drones Collecting Water Samples
Source: http://research.unl.edu/annualreport/2014/water-slurping-drones-have-broad-potential/
A&WMA Georgia Chapter 33
Air Sampling Using Drones
Source: http://www.whoi.edu/news-release/whalecopter
Marine air emissions
Whale’s breath
Direct sampling
Ozone
Temperature
Drone altitude
Source: Kosmatka et al., 2011
Source: Scentroid.com
Source: Baxter & Bush, 2014
A&WMA Georgia Chapter 34
Site Assessment Capabilities
Phase I for Forestland or Rural(Undeveloped) Property• Properties More 120 Acres• Streamlined Site Reconnaissance
• Real-Time Data Collection with Mobile Devices• Photographs, Checklists and Notes, and
Location Information
• Aerial Flyovers Using Small Drones• Suspect Areas Flagged for Later “Ground
Truthing”• Estimate Extraction and Stockpile
Volumes
A&WMA Georgia Chapter 36
File: AWMA Drones 9Sep16.ppt