brownie aviation badge · 2019. 9. 6. · junior aviation badge “above the pines, supported by...

Brownie Aviation Badge Do you look up when you hear something fly over your

house? Get ready to find out about flying and how much fun

aviation can be.

Steps: Preflight

Taxi

Takeoff

Flight

Landing

Purpose: When I finish this badge I’ll be able to tell others about flying aircraft and what aviation opportunities are ahead.

Preflight: Choices—Do one

Draw a picture of three different kinds of aircraft.

How do hot air balloons fly? Investigate what makes them rise. Launch a floating sky lantern to demonstrate this concept. (You can make one of these)

Learn the phonetic alphabet language of aviation. Spell your name using that language.

Now that I’ve earned this badge, I can give service by:

Sharing my knowledge of aviation with others.

Showing younger scouts what I’ve learned about careers in aviation.

Inspiring friends to discover the skies.

Written by Kentucky Bluegrass Ninety-Nines 2017

The Ninety-Nines are an international organization of women pilots that promotes advancement of aviation through education, scholarships and mutual support while honoring our unique history and sharing our passion for flight.

To order this badge contact: [email protected]

A Alpha

B Bravo

C Charlie

D Delta

E Echo

F Foxtrot

G Golf

H Hotel

I India

J Juliet

K Kilo

L Lima

M Mike

N November

O Oscar

P Papa

Q Quebec

R Romeo

S Sierra

T Tango

U Uniform

V Victor

W Whiskey

X Xray

Y Yankee

Z Zulu

Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova is the first woman

to have flown in space , having been selected from more than

400 applicants and five finalists to pilot the Russian

spacecraft Vostok 6 on June 16, 1963. She completed 48

orbits of the Earth in her three days in space.

You must be fluent in

Russian to be an

American astronaut

today.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vostok_6

Taxi: Choices—Do one

Make and fly three different designs of paper airplanes OR

Put together a simple model glider or make your own out of balsa wood. Can you make your glider fly straight, stall, loop, bank right, and bank left? OR

Make and fly your own kite. What type of wind makes the kite fly best? What can you try to make the kite better?

Make a list of at least ten different aviation jobs. Find out more about two jobs (Talk to, interview, meet someone)

Learn ten new aviation words. Make a word search puzzle to share with others.

Takeoff: Choices—Do one

Visit NASA’s website www.nasa.gov and find out what missions are underway or planned for the future. Be sure to check out the “NASA kids” link.

Make an edible space shuttle.

Aeronautical charts are used to navigate from take off to landing. Access an aeronautical chart through FAA.gov or your local flight school. Study the legend and learn to find 10 symbols on the chart. (Above and beyond: Can you plan a flight?)

To order a paper sectional map—FAA.gov/air_traffic/flight_info/aeronav

Flight: Choices—Do one

Tour an airport. Does it have a control tower? What businesses are there? Is there a flight school? How many runways does it have and how are they numbered? Interview the airport manager. Complete the scavenger hunt on the back page.

Visit a hangar where aircraft are repaired. Talk to a mechanic about the tools used and schooling required for this job.

Have races for different kinds of model aircraft, such as gliders and airplanes. Give awards for different achievements, such as longest flight, best stunt, or most accurate flight. OR

Hold a kite-building workshop. Experiment with different kite styles. OR

Host a kite flying festival. Compete to see who can control their kite best.

Landing: Choices—Do one

What types of food do they eat in space? Do you have the right stuff to be an astronaut? Go online at www.quest.arc.nasa.gov/women/intro.html and see what it takes.

Visit the home page of the Ninety-Nines (www.ninety-nines.org) an international organization of women pilots. Find out more about this group and if they have a chapter near you and how they benefit women in aviation in the community at large.

Learn more about some innovative women in aviation such as Bessie Coleman, Amelia Earhart or Sally Ride. How did they pave the way for future girls and women?

EDIBLE SPACE SHUTTLE

Materials: 1 carrot, cleaned and cut lengthwise in half, 2 equal size

pieces of celery, 1 slice of bread, knife, peanut butter/

marshmallow cream/softened cream cheese, template of the

orbiter, paper plates.

Background: A space shuttle is made of four main parts. Each

shuttle has two solid rocket boosters (SRBs). The SRBs burn a

solid fuel during the first minutes of launch and ascent. Once they

burn out, they drop off and parachute into the ocean. A recovery

team retrieves them for reuse in next launch. The external tank

(ET) is a large fuel tank that feeds oxygen and hydrogen to the

Orbitor’s main engines during launch and ascent. When the main

engines burn the oxygen and hydrogen, water is produced and

leaves the engines as plumes of steam. The Orbitor is the part of

the shuttle that carries the astronauts and payload. At the end of a

mission, the Orbitor returns to earth, relying on the special tiles

on its belly to safely get through the intense heat of reentry.

Flying in small private

planes, helicopters,

blimps or hot air

balloons are not

approved as Girl

Scout Program

activities.

Aircraft are used in many service organizations:

Pilots N Paws transport of rescue animals

Medical air transport and air ambulance

Ultralight bird migration flights

Missionaries reaching isolated populations

Forest fire monitoring and control

Sally Ride joined NASA in 1978 and became the

first American woman in space in 1983. She was

the third woman in space overall, after USSR

cosmonauts Valentina Tereshkova (1963) and

Svetlana Savitskaya (1982). Sally remains the

youngest American astronaut to have traveled to

space, having done so at the age of 32. After flying

twice on the Orbiter Challenger, she left NASA in

1987.

At the airport:

Is there a control tower?

Who controls when there is no tower?

What does it mean to be Pilot-In-Command (PIC)?

What different animals have gone to space?

Dogs, fruit flies, mice, monkeys, chimpanzees, guinea pigs,

rabbits, frogs, and lots of reptiles.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outer_space

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmonaut

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valentina_Tereshkova

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svetlana_Savitskaya

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger

Junior Aviation Badge “Above the pines, supported by the air, like the gulls over the sea, whirling. With

them I share six minutes of solitude, each, where no man can touch, no shout

can reach.*”

Anne Morrow Lindbergh was the first woman in the United States to receive a first class glider

license in 1930 and is one of many that paved the way for our turn in aviation. Are you ready

to join the ranks? *From “Where No Man Can Touch” by Pat Valdata

Steps: Preflight

Taxi

Takeoff

Flight

Landing

Purpose: When I earn this badge, I’ll be able to share the world of aviation with others.


How does weather affect aircraft? Talk with a meteorologist about weather patterns.

What are the main airplane parts? What purpose do they serve? Explain the difference between piston, turboprop and jet engines.

How would you define “aircraft”? What makes a plane fly? Name the different kinds and uses of aircraft. How have the uses changed over the years?


Sharing my knowledge of aviation with others.

Exploring a Bronze Award take action project in aviation.

Organizing an aviation exploration event for younger scouts.




No

t for n

av

iga

tion


Aeronautical charts are used for navigation. Pilots must carry one on every flight. Learn 15 different symbols on the chart.

Make a diary of your flight on a commercial airline. How did you choose your airline and route? What did you pack? Describe your experience with security. What did the actual flight feel like (take off, landing, turbulence)? How do aviation professionals (air crew, ground crew, TSA) work to be friendly, considerate and helpful? What things would you do differently on your next flight?

Talk to some older people in your community about air travel before 1960. Not sure where to start? Ask about: early aircraft, barnstorming, dirigibles, coast to coast travel, Amelia Earhart, a Powder Puff derby, and military flying by women during the two World Wars.


What are the requirements for the general aviation path to get your Private Pilot Certifi-cate? Include age, books, health and approximate cost.

Invite a pilot to speak to your group about how they received their training and became a pilot and their experiences.

Learn about the different service organizations that use air travel as part of their mission. What is the role of air travel and how does it benefit the organization?


Attend an air show or visit an aviation museum. Describe your impressions of what you learned or saw.

Visit your local flight school and find out the programs that they offer.

Visit your local airport to find out about their facilities. How many runways do they have? How are they numbered? How can you tell the active runways?


Explore 3 careers related to aviation. What education, training and experience do you need for each profession? Which profession would be your favorite and why?

Who invented the airplane? What country other than the United States contributed to the early design? Investigate how the first airplane was designed.

Research 3 innovative women in aviation history. What obstacles did they overcome to fulfill their dream to fly?

Innovative women in

aviation:

Therese Peltier was

the first woman to

solo an airplane in

1908.

Bessica Raiche

made the first

accredited solo flight

by a woman in the

United States in 1910.

Harriet Quimby

was the first American

woman to be licensed

in 1911 and also the

first to cross the

English Channel in

1912.

Katherine Stinson

was the first person to

fly at night in 1912,

the first woman to fly

to China and Japan

and the first woman

airmail pilot in 1918.

Bessie Coleman

was the first woman of

African-American

descent and the first

Native American to

hold a pilot license in

1921. She traveled to

France to accomplish

this.

Marga von Etzdorf

was the first woman

to fly for an airline in

1928 (Lufthansa).


planes, helicopters, blimps

or hot air balloons are not

approved as Girl Scout

Program activities.

Animals have been involved in aviation from the

beginning. Who were the first animals to fly?

Cadette Aviation Badge “It changes you, flying. The first time I felt the basket lurch aloft and watched

the ground recede, something swelled inside me like the linseed-oiled cotton

canopy overhead.” *

Mary Hawley Myers was the first woman to pilot her own aircraft in 1880 and her story still

resonates today. Are you ready to see how aviation can change you? *From “Where No Man Can

Touch” by Pat Valdata

Steps: Preflight

Taxi

Takeoff

Flight

Landing

Purpose: When I’ve earned this badge, I’ll better understand the diverse world of aviation.


Learn what it takes to make aircraft fly. What are the forces that act on the aircraft? OR

How do hot air balloons fly? What does it take to become a balloon pilot? Learn more about this sport. OR

Helicopters are very useful for many tasks. What makes a helicopter fly? Name 5 uses for helicopters.

Read 2 novels or stories about air travel. They can be real or imaginary. They could be historical or 100 years into the future. How do they portray air travel? Is the imaginary possible?

Learn about weather and how it affects a flight. List 5 weather conditions that can challenge or stop air travel. Learn how to read an aviation weather report and forecast.


Exploring a silver award project about aviation.


Joining Civil Air Patrol to serve my community though aviation.




Innovative women in aviation: Suzanne Asbury-Oliver began flying gliders at 14, and first

soloed when she was just 15 years old. By the time she was 18, Oliver had her powered-aircraft

instrument rating, commercial certificate, flight instructor and instrument-flight instructor

certificates, as well as a multiengine rating. She had become an aviation professional. When she saw

an advertisement put out by Pepsi-Cola for a skywriter, Oliver first thought it would be impossible to

get the job. But she realized there probably wasn’t anyone more qualified, inquired about the position

and was promptly put in a plane with the current Pepsi skywriter. Skywriting is not only a time-

honored advertising tradition, but one of the most exciting and influential forms of advertisement.

The Pepsi-Cola company has used the skywriting advertising technique since 1932, and it is perhaps

the only company that still employs skywriting today. Asbury-Oliver has been skywriting messages

across the skies above the United States and Canada for Pepsi since 1980. From the open cockpit of

the famous 1929 Travel Air biplane, the Pepsi SkyWriter, Oliver created thousands of letters 3,048

meters (10,000 feet) above the earth for Pepsi Cola and she remains the only professional female

skywriter in the world. *Smithsonian National Air & Space Museum

What keeps helicopters in the air?

Materials: 8.5 x 11 sheet of paper, 2 sections from an egg carton, scissors, tape.

Cut a 1 inch strip from the long side of the paper. Fold that strip in half. Cut the top portion in half lengthwise. Trim the bottom portion to make the final shape into a Y.

Cut a small slit in the top edges of both egg carton sections. Slide the tail of the paper strip through the bottom of one carton section and the top of the other making a sphere shape. Fasten the paper to the bottom of the carton section.

Drop the helicopters from different heights to test. Experiment with different weights of paper, helicopter blade lengths and egg carton materials to see which works best.


Make a list of at least 15 different roles that are involved in air transportation. Pick your 3 favorite and find out details about each including education, age, experience, etc. Do research or interview people in those roles.

Aircraft are important to the military. How are women involved in aviation in the military? What kind of commitment is required. Research or interview a female veteran.

Learn about Civil Air Patrol and its goals. How do you join? Is there a patrol in your area? Find out about age requirements, uniform, and missions. Invite a cadet to your meeting.


What are the types of aeronautical charts that pilots use to navigate? Obtain some from different cities and compare the similarities and differences. Learn symbols from the legend and their significance. (available through general aviation airport or online through FAA.gov)

How does weight and balance affect aircraft? Learn how pilots measure aircraft capacity and how many passengers and baggage their plane can carry. What can they do to compensate for weight? How do cargo planes distribute their weight?

Learn about important women in aviation history. Investigate their life and their accomplishments. Do a brief biography on one to share with others.


Use a flight simulator to experience what flying is like. Become familiar with the skills needed to take off, land and navigate.

Take a tour of a general aviation airport. What characteristics does a general aviation airport have? Interview the airport manager and find out about the services offered. Visit several local airports and note their differences and similarities.

Maintenance and repairs are important to keep planes in top condition. Visit a maintenance facility and find out what do mechanics do to keep planes safe and flying? Where do they learn those skills?


Air traffic controllers coordinate the flow of traffic around the world. Learn about the tools they use and the information that they provide to pilots. Tour a control tower to see the equipment.

What does it take to become an airline pilot? Research or interview someone from that profession. What education classes are needed to prepare someone for that career? What jobs are available in your community?

Explore alternative energy sources that aircraft use such as—electric power, bio fuel, solar powered batteries and non powered flight (soaring on natural currents of air).

How to find center of gravity

Center of gravity is important in aviation and refers to the central location that gravity acts on the

object. In this activity, this is straight down from the spot where the toothpick sits on the rim of the

glass (pivot point).

Materials needed: 2 forks, rounded toothpick, heavy

drinking glass (half-full with water).

Push the forks together so that the tines are interlocked

tightly.

Balance the utensils on a fingertip to find the middle

point. This is where the toothpick should be inserted

between the utensils. Work the toothpick into the tines of

the fork.

Carefully set the toothpick on the rim of the glass. Slowly

slide it in and out across the rim until you’ve found the

best balance point. Both handles will be curving

downward below the rim of the glass and the toothpick

will be almost horizontal.

Flying in small

private planes,

helicopters,

blimps or hot air

balloons are not

approved as Girl

Scout Program

activities.

Animals flew in

balloons before

people. What

animals flew in

those first flights?

Innovative women in aviation: Willa Brown was the first African American woman to earn a

US pilot license (1938) and a commercial license (1939). She was also the first African American

woman to become an officer in the Illinois Civil Air Patrol (CAP). Willa joined the Challenger Air

Pilots Association and learned to fly at Harlem Field, on the southwest side of Chicago. In 1935 she

earned her Master Mechanic Certificate and began giving flight and ground school instruction at the

field. She and her husband Cornelius Coffey organized CAP Squadron 613 in conjunction with his

school, the Coffey School of Aeronautics, and she held the ranks of lieutenant and adjutant in the

organization. She was the director of the Coffey School when it was selected by the Civil Aeronautics

Administration as one of several black schools and colleges to offer the Civilian Pilot Training Program

(CPTP — a program that trained thousands of pilots throughout the US). The success of the Coffeys

and other black aviation students led to the eventual admission of blacks into the Army Air Forces

through the War Training Service Program (WTS) at these schools and provided a pool of instructors

and trainees at Tuskegee Army Air Field. *Smithsonian National Air & Space Museum

The original “Fly Girls”. Between 1942 and 1944 over

1,000 women were trained to fly for the US military

as WASP.

Senior Aviation Badge “I had to shield my eyes against the sun that shone above the steeples in the

square, I knew that soon this flight would be done and nothing in the future

would compare.” *

Jeanne Labrosse was the first woman to solo in a hot air balloon in 1798. Let’s find out more

about aviation as you explore. The sky is the limit. *From “Where No Man Can Touch” by Pat Valdata

Steps: Preflight

Taxi

Takeoff

Flight

Landing

Purpose: By completing this badge, I’ll be on my way to investigating how aviation can be in my future.


Interview a pilot or two. What is in their flight bag? How do they prepare? What is their favorite part? What inspired them to fly?

Research women that are breaking barriers in aviation today. Find some local examples and interview them to get their perspective.

Using a model airplane, explain the forces that act on an aircraft in flight. Include lift, weight, drag and thrust.



Joining Civil Air Patrol to serve my community though aviation.

Exploring a Gold Award project involving aviation.




Service in aviation:

There are many

organizations that

provide free air

transportation for

medical needs. Some

organizations specialize

in helping cancer or

transplant patients,

newborns or children,

veterans or populations

in remote areas while

others provide air

transportation

nationwide to needy

patients traveling for

medical treatment.

What organizations are

in your area?

The first astronauts were animals.

What animal was on the first flight

and why?

What’s in your tool box? Women have had a role in building and maintaining aircraft from the beginning.

Flying in small

private planes,

helicopters,

blimps or hot air

balloons are not

approved as Girl

Scout Program

activities.


Create an original poster of an aircraft instrument panel including the necessary gauges for a specific style of plane. Give a description of each component.

Experiment and demonstrate alternative energy sources that planes use such as—electric power, bio fuel, solar powered batteries and non powered flight (soaring on the natural currents of air).

Explore the challenges that stand in the way of obtaining a private pilot certificate. Include economic, culture, gender, location and aircraft availability.


Obtain (either online or through general aviation airport) and learn how to read an aeronautical chart . Chart your course from start to destination taking into account wind drift, magnetic variation, and compass deviation.

Shadow an aircraft mechanic as they perform maintenance. What training did their job require and where in your community is that training available.

Research the parts of an aircraft and name their function.


Experience flying through a flight simulator. Become familiar with the skills needed to taxi, take off, climb, bank, set headings and land.

Crew for a hot air balloon. Investigate what it takes—training, etc. The Balloon Federation of America will be the place to start.

Visit a radio controlled (RC) club or meet. Report on your observations.


Find an aviation mentor. She or he can help answer your aviation questions. Get together on a regular basis to plan your path.

Describe the differences in training and certification for sport, recreational, lighter than air or private pilot and instrument, glider and seaplane rating.

Explore the service organizations affected by flying. Animal rescue, medical transport, missionary, aerial photography, Civil Air Patrol, environmental, etc. What organizations pique your interest? Are there any that interest you?

Innovative women in aviation: Ida Van Smith founded a series of flight training clubs for

minority children to encourage their involvement in aviation and aerospace sciences. In 1967, at the

age of 50, she finally fulfilled a personal dream to learn to fly. Once she had her private pilot's license

and instructor rating, Smith founded the Ida Van Smith Flight Club on Long Island, New York.

Training for the students was provided in an aircraft simulator funded by the FAA and an operational

Cessna 172. Soon there were more than 20 clubs throughout the country, with members ages 13-19. As

a result, thousands of children were exposed to aviation and many pursued careers in aviation.

*Smithsonian Air & Space Museum

Bernoulli’s Principle

This principle in hydrodynamics that an increase in the velocity

of a stream of fluid (air) results in a decrease in pressure is

credited to Daniel Bernoulli in 1738 and helps explain lift in

aviation.

To demonstrate this principle you only need a ping pong ball and

a funnel. What would you need to do to lift the ball into the

funnel? Try on your own to lift the ball. Use the top diagram on

the right. Any success? Now set the ball on the table and place

the funnel over it. While blowing strongly, lift the funnel off of

the ball and what happens? As air is blown downwards into the

inverted funnel, the air flow above the ping pong ball flows faster

than the air that reaches the bottom of the ping pong ball. This

creates a greater pressure at the BOTTOM of the ball and it is

lifted up .

How does this principle relate to aircraft?

Innovative women in aviation: In 1991, Patty Wagstaff became the first woman to win the title

of U.S. National Aerobatic Champion, a title she then defended in 1992 and 1993. She began flight

instruction in a Cessna 185 on floats and earned her private pilot license in 1979. Patty moved

quickly to earn her commercial and instrument ratings for single and multi-engine aircraft and

seaplanes. She entered her first aerobatic competition in 1984 and moved to the Unlimited category

(most proficient) in only two years. Patty was a six-time member of the U.S. Aerobatic Team, which

competes in world competition every two years, until her retirement from competition in 1996. Today,

she is a premier aerobatic pilot in air shows throughout the United States, performing dynamic and

precise routines in her Extra 300L. She is also a commercially rated helicopter pilot, a flight instructor

for unlimited aerobatics, and she flies for motion pictures and television. Patty was the 1995 recipient

of the National Air and Space Museum Trophy for Current Achievement in Aviation. In 2004, she was

inducted into the National Aviation Hall of Fame. (See if she is coming to an airport near you)

*Smithsonian National Air & Space Museum

Ambassador Aviation Badge “And to prove that a flyer can be a girl, who can soar as high as any man. I’m

showing women around the world that we can fly, we surely can!” *

Katherine Stinson was the first person to fly at night in 1912. Is flying your passion also?

*From “Where No Man Can Touch” by Pat Valdata

Steps: Preflight

Taxi

Takeoff

Flight

Landing

Purpose: This badge will open opportunities for my future careers (maybe in aviation).


Demonstrate how an airfoil generates lift, how the ailerons, elevators and rudder affect the aircraft’s attitude and how the propeller produces thrust.

Find out what service organizations in your community use aviation in their mission. Find out about their needs and if you can help. Volunteer for one in your community.

Many women have made an impact on aviation through history. Who has made the most impact on your aviation passion and why? Find a creative way to share your enthusiasm with others.

Obtain the FAA Airplane Flying Handbook (or Glider Flying/Helicopter Flying). Start your engines. Begin reading.


Volunteering with an organization that uses avia-tion in it’s mission.





Anemometer– Wind speed measurement

Wind is one of many weather factors that impact aircraft performance. Anemometers are used to

gauge wind speed.

Materials needed: 2 straws, 5 small paper cups, paper

punch, stapler, pencil with eraser, push pin, recycled

plastic container with lid (frosting, yogurt, etc), heavy

weight to put in plastic container.

Punch a whole in 4 of the paper cups 1 centimeter

from the rim. In the 5th cup punch 4 evenly spaced

holes a centimeter from the rim and also a small hole

in the center of the bottom. Make a small hole in the

center of the plastic lid.

Push a pencil through the center hole of the cup and

also through the plastic lid. Add weight to the

container to keep it upright. Slide one the straws

through the hold in one of the 4 cups. Bend the end

of the straw that is inside the cup and staple to inside of cup. Place the other end of the straw through

2 of the holes in the 5th cup then through the hole in one of the other cups. Staple the end of the straw

to the inside of the cup.

Repeat these steps on the remaining 2 cups. Make certain the 4 cups are facing in the same direction

around the center cup. Push the push pin through the 2 straws where they overlap and then into the

pencil eraser. Mark 1 of the cups with a marker to use as your starting point when measuring wind

speed.

Which of these clouds should

cause concern? What do

clouds tell you about your

flight?


Demonstrate the importance of the control surfaces (ailerons, elevators and rudder) dur-ing take off, climbs, turns, descent and landing.

Explain the purpose of each of these single engine aircraft instruments: attitude indicator, heading indicator, altimeter, airspeed indicator, turn and bank indicator, vertical speed indicator, compass, navigation via GPS or VOR, communication radios, tachometer, oil pressure gauge and oil temperature gauge.

Visit Civil Air Patrol squadron in your community and find out about it’s mission and re-quirements for membership.


Start your path toward private pilot certificate. Sign up for ground school.

Learn to identify clouds and what they tell you about flight conditions. What other weather conditions affect aircraft and how? Explore the NOAA Aviation Weather center online.

Build a high quality model of a flying aircraft or design your own wings that can carry you.


Under supervision, perform a preflight inspection of an aircraft. Explain the need for each task.

Visit a control tower facility. Report on the operation and how it benefits pilots. Interview the staff about their job.

Spend time in a simulator. These are available through an aviation school, general aviation airport, online or software. Plan a course and fly the headings to that destination. Keep a log. How many hours can you log?


Subscribe to AOPA Flight training magazine. Report on a relevant article that interests you. (You get 6 free issues with subscription)

Connect with an aviation mentor who can answer your aviation questions. Meet regularly to discuss your progress.

Pick a destination. Research ticket options and if you can, choose your route. Pack your bags and go.


planes, helicopters,

blimps or hot air

balloons are not

approved as Girl

Scout Program

activities.

Forces impacting lift

Innovative women in aviation: Amelia Earhart Record Setter

1922 — Feminine altitude record of 4,267 meters (14,000 feet).

1928 — First woman to fly across the Atlantic as a passenger in the Fokker F.VII Friendship.

1929 — Feminine speed record.

1930 — Feminine speed record.

1931 — First woman to fly an autogiro.

1931 — Autogiro altitude record of 5,612 meters (18,415 feet).

1932 — First woman (and only the second person) to fly solo and nonstop across the Atlantic. Also

first person to cross the Atlantic twice by air.

1932 — First woman to fly solo and nonstop across the United States.

1933 — Reset her transcontinental record.

1935 — First person to fly solo from Honolulu, Hawaii, to the U.S. mainland (Oakland, California).

1935 — Speed record between Mexico City and Washington, D.C.

1935 — First person to fly solo from Mexico City to Newark, New Jersey

Innovative women in aviation: On June 15, 1921, Bessie Coleman

received the first pilot's license issued to an African American, male or

female, from the Federation Aeronautique Internationale. Coleman was a

bravely independent and determined woman, who decided that learning to

fly provided an exciting challenge. However, in the early years of the 20th

century she had two strikes against her: her race and her gender. Unable to

secure flight training in the United States, she went to France and earned

her license. She returned to the United States in September of 1921, and

began to perform in the Chicago area, doing aerobatic loops and figure

eights.

Much knowledge has

been achieved by

using animals in

aviation projects.

What information can

you find about

animals in aviation?

brownie aviation badge · 2019. 9. 6. · junior aviation badge “above the pines, supported by...

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