bruce bassett - constraining exotic cosmologies

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Constraining Exo-c Cosmologies Bruce Basse4 SAAO, AIMS & UCT

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This talk was presented at the Backreaction meeting at the Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Studies in August 2010.

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Page 1: Bruce Bassett - Constraining Exotic Cosmologies

Constraining  Exo-c  Cosmologies  Bruce  Basse4  

                       SAAO,  AIMS    &    UCT  

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Conclusions      

•  Ge?ng  convincing  data  constraints  is                        much,  much  harder  for  exo-c  models  than  for  the  “standard  model”  

•  There  are  few  data  in  cosmology  that  are  truly  model-­‐independent    

•  One  should  be  cau-ous  and  more  demanding  when  evalua-ng  claims  that  exo-c  models  are  ruled  out  from  observa-onal  data  

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A  crude  characterisa-on  of  science  is  that  it  is  the  circle:  

Create  a  (new)  theory  that  fits                            the  exis-ng  data.  Make                                new  predic-ons.  

Take  new  data  

1  

2  3  Test  the    Theory  predic-ons  Against  the  new  data  

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In  the  beginning  there  is  either…  

           data  and  no  theory  (e.g.  astronomy)    

or    

 theory  and  no  data  (e.g.  quantum  gravity)  

Specialisa-on  in  one  even  when  there  are  both  data  and  theory  

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1994,    140  cita-ons  

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In  prac-ce…  

σi  di  

ti  

χ2  ~  9  di  

If  the  data  depends  on  the  theory/model,  then  they    have  to  be  analysed  together,  self-­‐consistently.    

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Example  1:  Type  Ia  Supernovae  

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 SEARCH                      TEMPLATE                      DIFFERENCE  

g  

r  

i  

SDSS  Manual  Scan  Interface  

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Lightcurves

ugr lightcurve fits to templates SDSS SN Survey

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Cons-tu-on    09  ΩM=0.281±0.026 (+BAO)    

Evolution of the Hubble Diagram 1996-2009

SCP  96    ΩΜ=0.94±0.31 (flat)  

High-­‐z  /  SCP    98  ΩM=0.28±0.10 (flat)    

ESSENCE+SNLS    07  ΩM=0.267±0.023 (flat)  

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Luminosity  Distance  

dL (z) =(1+ z)H0 −Ωk

sin H0 −Ωkdz'H(z')∫

⎝ ⎜

⎠ ⎟

Distance  Modulus  

µ(z) = 5log10dL (z)Mpc

⎝ ⎜

⎠ ⎟ + 25 + K

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So…  

•  SNIa  distances  seem  cosmology  independent  

•  But  there  is  a  problem…peculiar  veloci-es  

•  In  LTB  models,  the  peculiar  veloci-es  are  generically  much  larger  than  in  FLRW.  This  changes  the  “true”  redshii  and  has  to  be  included  in  doing  any  fi?ng.  

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ESSENCE+SNLS    07  

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Loops  -­‐  A  neat  test  of  LTB?  

Mustapha    et  al,  1998  Clarkson,  BB,  Liu,  2008  

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Example  2:  Baryon  Acous-c  Oscilla-ons  

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Bashinsky  and  Bertschinger,  2001  

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White,  Eisenstein,  Seo  

Evolu-on  of  a  Spherical  Overdensity  

   Baryon  Density                                Photon  Density                                        Mass  Profiles    

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   Baryon  Density                                Photon  Density                                        Mass  Profiles    

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   Baryon  Density                                Photon  Density                                        Mass  Profiles    

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   Baryon  Density                                Photon  Density                                        Mass  Profiles    

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   Baryon  Density                                Photon  Density                                        Mass  Profiles    

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   Baryon  Density                                Photon  Density                                        Mass  Profiles    

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Baryon  Acous-c  Peak  

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Sta-s-cal  Standard  Rulers  

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The  power  of  BAO  

Us  Tangen-al  

Radial  

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Assump-ons  that  go  into  the  BAO  

1.  Greens  func-on  (and  sound  horizon)  are  isotropic  

2.  Sound  horizon  is  a  known  size  3.  Know  the  true  dA  –  z  rela-on  4.  Galaxy  bias  effects  can  be  ignored/removed    

5.  Nonlinear  effects  and  peculiar  veloci-es  are  small  and  can  be  calibrated  by  N-­‐body  simula-ons  

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BAO  and  Nonlinearity  

Crocce  et  al  

Nonlinearity    moves  the    peak    to  smaller  scales  and    broadens  it.  

Strongly  dependent    On  amount  of  nonlinearity  And  strength  of  gravity  

Linear  FLRW    Predic-on    

Nonlinear  FLRW  Predic-on    

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None  of  these  are  true  for  LTB  

Don’t  use  the  DV  results  blindly!  

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A  test  of  the  Copernican  Principle  

•  If  we  compare  constraints  from  the  radial  and  transverse  BAO  and  SNIa,  assuming  FLRW,  we  would  not  expect  them  to  agree  if  the  true  model  is  LTB  

•  …because  the  expansion  rates  in  the  radial  and  transverse  direc-ons  are  different.    

Clarkson,  BB,  Liu,  2008  

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What  about  the  CMB?  

The  key  ques-on  for  the  

CMB  is:  “are  there  coherent  acous-c  oscilla-ons  for  a  generic    

on-­‐centre  LTB  observer?”  (cf.  ac-ve  sources)    

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Urres-lla  et  al,  2008  

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Conclusions      

•  Ge?ng  convincing  data  constraints  is                        much,  much  harder  for  exo-c  models  than  for  the  “standard  model”  

•  There  are  few  data  in  cosmology  that  are  truly  model-­‐independent    

•  One  should  be  cau-ous  and  more  demanding  when  evalua-ng  claims  that  exo-c  models  are  ruled  out  from  observa-onal  data  

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