brush/commutator wear guide - the electric · pdf filebrush/commutator wear guide commutator...

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5/29/13 Gulf Electroquip - GE 752 Drilling Motors, AC Generators, Motor Blowers, Bug Blowers, Spark Arrestors www.gulfelectroquip.com/technical.php?technicalname=commutator 1/3 Gulf Electroquip Ltd. • 425 North Wayside Drive • Houston TX 770207598 GEQ SALES & SERVICE Phone 7136752525 Fax 7136756433 [email protected] GULF ELECTROQUIP POWER PRODUCTS DRILLING MOTORS Horizontal Traction, Mud Pump, and Drawworks Motors New GEQ 1150HP Reman / Repair GE, GEQ, EMD, WEG, Yonge Commutator Wear Guide FullLoad Test / QC Docs GEQ Parts Counter Motors TOP DRIVE MOTORS Vertical Traction Motors New GEQ 400HP Reman / Repair Motors GE, GEQ, TSD11, WEG Commutator Wear Guide FullLoad Test / QC Docs GEQ Parts Counter Motors ROTARY TABLE MOTORS Horizontal Traction Motors New GEQ 400HP Reman / Repair Motors GE, GEQ, TSD11 FullLoad Test / QC Docs GEQ Parts Counter Motors GEQ MOTOR BLOWERS For 400HP 2000HP Hor. Traction, Mud Pump and Drawworks Motors Double Clean™ Double Clean™SS Quiet Clean™ Quiet Clean™SS RainMaster™ RainMaster™SS ATEX Certified ATEX Certified SS For 400HP Vert. Top Drive Motors Double Clean™ Top Mount Double Clean™ Side Mount For 400HP Hor. Rotary Table Motors Double Clean™ Side Mount GEQ Parts Counter Blowers GEQ BUG BLOWERS Mighty Monsoon™ Mighty Monsoon™SS GEQ Parts Counter Mighty Mini Monsoon™ Mini Monsoon™SS GEQ Parts Counter Mini GEQ Sales O&G AC GENERATORS Reman / Repair GE, Kato, ABB, Baylor, CAT, EMD, Reliance, Siemens, Toshiba, WEG FullLoad Test / QC Docs GEQ Parts Counter AC Gen AC & DC MOTORS 500HP+ Large Motors Industrial, Marine and Commercial Reman / Repair BRUSH/COMMUTATOR WEAR GUIDE Commutator Appearance Guide In addition to the physical appearance of the surface of the commutator, the skin or patina (film) is of equal importance for the good running of the carbon brushes. Each carbon brush builds a characteristic patina (film) which is affected by operating and ambient conditions. The patina (film) consists mainly of copper oxides, graphite deposits and absorbed water, and its appearance is of importance for the assessment of the running behavior of the commutation set. The following pictures are used by carbon brush manufacturers and users of brushes as a guide to assist in judging the operation of carbon brushes. LIGHT FILM: Indicates good brush performance. Light load, low humidity, brush grades with low filming rates, or film reducing contamination can cause lighter color. MEDIUM FILM: Is the ideal commutator condition for maximum brush and commutator life. HEAVY FILM: Results from high load, light humidity or heavy filming rate grades. Colors not in the brown tones indicate contamination resulting in high friction and high resistance. STREAKING: Results from metal transfer to the brush face. Light loads and/or light spring pressure are the most common causes. Contamination can also be a contributing factor. THREADING: Is a further development of the streaking condition as the metal transferred becomes work hardened and machines into the commutator surface. This condition can be avoided by increased loads and increased spring pressure. GROOVING: May result from an overly abrasive brush grade. The more common cause is poor electrical contact resulting in arcing and the electrical machining of the commutator surface. Increased spring pressure reduces this electrical wear. COPPER DRAG: Develops as the commutator surface becomes overheated and softened. Vibration or an abrasive grade causes the copper to be pulled across the slots. Increased spring pressure will reduce commutator temperature. BAR EDGE BURNING: Results from poor commutation. Check 1.) that the brush grade has adequate voltage drop, 2.) that the brushes are properly set on neutral, and 3.) that the interpole strength is correct. SLOT BAR MARKING: Results from a fault in the armature windings. The pattern relates to the number of conductors per slot. Carbon Brush Performance Assessment Notice the appearance of the brush sliding face. The following pictures show typical brush sliding faces. For easy identification, we suggest you use the symbols S1, S3 etc. S1, S3 and S5 are satisfactory sliding faces, indicating that there are no mechanical or electrical problems. Depending on the carbon material, the sliding surface appears dense or porous, and shiny, dull or matte. If there is dust in the circulating air, fine hairlining may occur, as shown in S5. S1 Normal operation HOME Why Remanufacture Industries Line Sheet Products Customers Facilities Technical Contacts Parts Counter

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5/29/13 Gulf Electroquip - GE 752 Drilling Motors, AC Generators, Motor Blowers, Bug Blowers, Spark Arrestors

www.gulfelectroquip.com/technical.php?technicalname=commutator 1/3

Gulf Electroquip Ltd. • 425 North Wayside Drive • Houston TX 77020­7598

GEQ SALES & SERVICEPhone 713­675­2525Fax 713­675­[email protected]

GULF ELECTROQUIPPOWER PRODUCTS

DRILLING MOTORSHorizontal Traction, Mud Pump,and Drawworks Motors

New GEQ 1150HPReman / Repair ­ GE, GEQ, EMD,WEG, YongeCommutator Wear GuideFull­Load Test / QC DocsGEQ Parts Counter ­ Motors

TOP DRIVE MOTORSVertical Traction Motors

New GEQ 400HPReman / Repair Motors ­ GE, GEQ,TSD11, WEGCommutator Wear GuideFull­Load Test / QC DocsGEQ Parts Counter ­ Motors

ROTARY TABLE MOTORSHorizontal Traction Motors

New GEQ 400HPReman / Repair Motors ­ GE, GEQ,TSD11Full­Load Test / QC DocsGEQ Parts Counter ­ Motors

GEQ MOTOR BLOWERSFor 400HP ­ 2000HP Hor. Traction,Mud Pump and Drawworks Motors

Double Clean™Double Clean™SSQuiet Clean™Quiet Clean™SSRainMaster™RainMaster™SSATEX CertifiedATEX Certified SS

For 400HP Vert. Top Drive MotorsDouble Clean™ ­ Top MountDouble Clean™ ­ Side Mount

For 400HP Hor. Rotary TableMotors

Double Clean™ ­ Side MountGEQ Parts Counter ­ Blowers

GEQ BUG BLOWERSMighty Monsoon™Mighty Monsoon™SSGEQ Parts Counter ­ MightyMini Monsoon™Mini Monsoon™SSGEQ Parts Counter ­ MiniGEQ Sales

O&G AC GENERATORSReman / Repair ­ GE, Kato, ABB,Baylor, CAT, EMD, Reliance,Siemens, Toshiba, WEGFull­Load Test / QC DocsGEQ Parts Counter ­ AC Gen

AC & DC MOTORS 500HP+Large Motors ­ Industrial, Marineand Commercial

Reman / Repair

BRUSH/COMMUTATOR WEAR GUIDECommutator Appearance Guide

In addition to the physical appearance of the surface of the commutator, the skin or patina (film) is of equal importance for the good runningof the carbon brushes. Each carbon brush builds a characteristic patina (film) which is affected by operating and ambient conditions. Thepatina (film) consists mainly of copper oxides, graphite deposits and absorbed water, and its appearance is of importance for theassessment of the running behavior of the commutation set. The following pictures are used by carbon brush manufacturers and users ofbrushes as a guide to assist in judging the operation of carbon brushes.

LIGHT FILM: Indicates good brushperformance. Light load, lowhumidity, brush grades with lowfilming rates, or film reducingcontamination can cause lightercolor.

MEDIUM FILM: Is the idealcommutator condition for maximumbrush and commutator life.

HEAVY FILM: Results from highload, light humidity or heavy filmingrate grades. Colors not in the browntones indicate contaminationresulting in high friction and highresistance.

STREAKING: Results from metaltransfer to the brush face. Light loadsand/or light spring pressure are themost common causes.Contamination can also be acontributing factor.

THREADING: Is a furtherdevelopment of the streakingcondition as the metal transferredbecomes work hardened andmachines into the commutatorsurface. This condition can beavoided by increased loads andincreased spring pressure.

GROOVING: May result from anoverly abrasive brush grade. Themore common cause is poorelectrical contact resulting in arcingand the electrical machining of thecommutator surface. Increasedspring pressure reduces thiselectrical wear.

COPPER DRAG: Develops as thecommutator surface becomesoverheated and softened. Vibrationor an abrasive grade causes thecopper to be pulled across the slots.Increased spring pressure willreduce commutator temperature.

BAR EDGE BURNING: Results frompoor commutation. Check 1.) that thebrush grade has adequate voltagedrop, 2.) that the brushes areproperly set on neutral, and 3.) thatthe interpole strength is correct.

SLOT BAR MARKING: Results froma fault in the armature windings. Thepattern relates to the number ofconductors per slot.

Carbon Brush Performance Assessment

Notice the appearance of the brush sliding face. The following pictures show typical brush sliding faces. For easy identification, we suggestyou use the symbols S1, S3 etc. S1, S3 and S5 are satisfactory sliding faces, indicating that there are no mechanical or electrical problems.Depending on the carbon material, the sliding surface appears dense or porous, and shiny, dull or matte. If there is dust in the circulatingair, fine hair­lining may occur, as shown in S5.

S1Normal operation

HOME Why Remanufacture Industries Line Sheet Products Customers Facilities Technical ContactsParts Counter

5/29/13 Gulf Electroquip - GE 752 Drilling Motors, AC Generators, Motor Blowers, Bug Blowers, Spark Arrestors

www.gulfelectroquip.com/technical.php?technicalname=commutator 2/3

Reman / Repair

GULF ELECTROQUIPREMANUFACTURING,REPAIR AND SERVICE

Facilities TourGEQ Product LineRemanufacturingFull­Load Test / QC DocsCustomersGEQ Sales

GULF ELECTROQUIPPARTS COUNTER

CALL 24/7 ­ 713­675­2525

[email protected]

S1Dense, shining sliding face

S3Slight porous sliding face

Normal operation

S5Fine hairlining

Normal operation, slight dust influence

S7Hairlining

CAUSES:Underload, influence of dust, oil, orgrease, weak spring pressure

S9Tracking with hairlining and grooves

CAUSES:Like S7, but stronger

S11Ghostmarks, difficult commutation

CAUSES:Commutation problems, e.g., false orincorrect position of the neutral zone orinterpole

S13Burning edge of the leaving or trailing edge

CAUSES:Difficult commutation, heavy sparking,interruption of contact due to out of roundof commutator or insufficient brush holderspring pressure

S15Eroded brush face

CAUSES:Electrical overload, interruption of contact

S17Lamination of sliding face

CAUSES:Burned segments of the sliding face,caused by a winding fault giving voltagesurge during commutation

S19Double facing here for a twin brush

CAUSES:Tilting of the brush in dual directionmachine

S21 CAUSES:

5/29/13 Gulf Electroquip - GE 752 Drilling Motors, AC Generators, Motor Blowers, Bug Blowers, Spark Arrestors

www.gulfelectroquip.com/technical.php?technicalname=commutator 3/3

S21Copper nests

CAUSES:Pick up of copper particles, often followingcopper drag

S23Broken edges

CAUSES:High raised lamination, commutatorseriously out of round, brush chatter bylow load and idle running

Got Wear?

Are you experiencing similar symptoms of brush or commutator damage? If possible, you may take a photo of the damage and e­mail usthe image. This will help us to diagnose the cause and prescribe the solution.

Information courtesy of Helwig Carbon Products www.helwigcp.com

©2013 Gulf Electroquip Ltd. Houston, TX GULF ELECTROQUIP.  DELIVERING HIGH­QUALITY PRODUCTS AND SERVICES FOR 57 YEARS E­mail: [email protected]

DISCLAIMER: Product specifications and availability are subject to change without notice. Statements in this website or digital publication PDFs are not intended to create any warranty ­ expressed or implied.Product trade names, marks or logos are the property of their respective owners. All photography and illustrations are copyrighted by Gulf Electroquip.