bryan tibbetts california state university, sacramento fall 2012
TRANSCRIPT
Reverend Dr. Robert StirlingBorn: October 25, 1790Died: June 6, 1878Studied divinity at the University of Glasgow and the University of Edinburgh.Became a minister of the Church of Scotland.Obtained a patent for his “Heat Economiser” in 1816.“Heat Economiser” now called the regenerator.Built first practical engine in 1818 used to pump water out of a quarry.
The thermodynamic cycle driving Stirling’s engine was not completely understood until the work of Sadi Carnot (1796 - 1832) and was named the Stirling Cycle.
Ideal Stirling Cycle
2 3: Isothermal expansion
3 4: Isometric heat rejection
4 1: Isothermal compression
1 2: Isometric heat addition
Stirling Cycle P-V Diagram
P
V
2
3
4
1
Qin
Qout
Cycle is reversible, and so can be mechanically powered to operate as a heat pump for cooling.
T = const
T = const
QR
QR
Thermodynamic Optimization of a Stirling Engine
Model based on Ford-Philips 4-215 engine
Authors: M.C. Campos, J.V.C. Vargas, J.C. Ordonez
Thermodynamic Optimization of a Stirling Engine
Dimensionless Equations Describing System
Authors: M.C. Campos, J.V.C. Vargas, J.C. Ordonez
Solved numerically using an adaptive time step fourth-fifth order Runge-Kutta method
Thermodynamic Optimization of a Stirling Engine
Optimized Efficiency and Work Plot
Authors: M.C. Campos, J.V.C. Vargas, J.C. Ordonez
Two-way maximized system efficiency (ηmax,max) based on optimization of two system characteristic parameters, φ and y.
φ is the ratio of the swept expansion volume over the total swept volume.
y is the ratio of the hot side heat transfer area over the total heat transfer area.
Finite Time Thermodynamic Evaluation of Endoreversible Stirling Heat Engine at Maximum
Power Conditions
Finite Time Thermodynamic analysis accounts for a finite temperature difference between the hot and cold sources and the working fluid of the engine (required for heat transfer to occur) and the finite amount of heat transferred in a finite time period per process.
Author: Iskander Tlili
Finite Time Thermodynamic Evaluation of Endoreversible Stirling Heat Engine at Maximum
Power Conditions
Regenerator effectiveness only effects Thermal Efficiency
Hot and cold side heat exchanger effectiveness only effects maximum power output
Author: Iskander Tlili
Finite Time Thermodynamic Evaluation of Endoreversible Stirling Heat Engine at Maximum
Power Conditions
Temperatures of the external hot and cold source fluids effect both the thermal efficiency and maximum power output
Author: Iskander Tlili
Thermodynamic Study on Optimal Solar Stirling Engine Cycle Taking Into Account the Irreversibilities
EffectsAuthor: Iskander Tlili
Model based on General Motors GPU-3 engine
Thermodynamic Study on Optimal Solar Stirling Engine Cycle Taking Into Account the Irreversibilities
EffectsAuthor: Iskander Tlili
Equations Describing System
Thermodynamic Study on Optimal Solar Stirling Engine Cycle Taking Into Account the Irreversibilities
EffectsAuthor: Iskander Tlili
Results
Oscillating Flow in a Stirling Engine Heat Exchanger
No correlations existed for calculating heat transfer coefficient and friction factor in oscillating flow
Annular Effect occurs in oscillating flow in a pipe, which is the maximum flow velocity occurs near the wall instead of the center of the pipe
Fluid flow in a Stirling engine is comprised of laminar, transitional, and turbulent flows during every cycle
Pressure losses for various geometries were also analyzed:
Authors: M. Kuosa, K. Saari, A. Kankkunen, T.-M. Tveit
Problem Approached
Oscillating Flow in a Stirling Engine Heat ExchangerAuthors: M. Kuosa, K. Saari, A. Kankkunen, T.-M. Tveit
Equations
Oscillating Flow in a Stirling Engine Heat ExchangerAuthors: M. Kuosa, K. Saari, A. Kankkunen, T.-M. Tveit
Nu vs. Re plot
Oscillating Flow in a Stirling Engine Heat ExchangerAuthors: M. Kuosa, K. Saari, A. Kankkunen, T.-M. Tveit
Results
The pressure losses and Nusselt numbers were examined
to determine that designs which form thinner boundary
layers along the length of heat exchanger tubes but do not
significantly increase the dead volume space or pressure
losses are recommended
Analytical Model for Predicting the Effect of Operating Speed on Shaft Power Output of Stirling Engines
Authors: Chin-Hsiang Cheng, Hang-Suin Yang
Analytical Model for Predicting the Effect of Operating Speed on Shaft Power Output of Stirling Engines
Authors: Chin-Hsiang Cheng, Hang-Suin Yang
Analytical Model for Predicting the Effect of Operating Speed on Shaft Power Output of Stirling Engines
Authors: Chin-Hsiang Cheng, Hang-Suin Yang
Analytical Model for Predicting the Effect of Operating Speed on Shaft Power Output of Stirling Engines
Authors: Chin-Hsiang Cheng, Hang-Suin Yang
Questions?
References:1. M.C. Campos, J.V.C. Vargas, J.C. Ordonez, Thermodynamic optimization of a Stirling engine, Energy, Volume
44, Issue 1, August 2012, Pages 902-910, ISSN 0360-5442, 10.1016/j.energy.2012.04.060.2. Iskander Tlili, Finite time thermodynamic evaluation of endoreversible Stirling heat engine at maximum power
conditions, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Volume 16, Issue 4, May 2012, Pages 2234-2241, ISSN 1364-0321, 10.1016/j.rser.2012.01.022.
3. Iskander Tlili, Thermodynamic Study on Optimal Solar Stirling Engine Cycle Taking Into Account the Irreversibilities Effects, Energy Procedia, Volume 14, 2012, Pages 584-591, ISSN 1876-6102, 10.1016/j.egypro.2011.12.979.
4. M. Kuosa, K. Saari, A. Kankkunen, T.-M. Tveit, Oscillating flow in a stirling engine heat exchanger, Applied Thermal Engineering, Volumes 45–46, December 2012, Pages 15-23, ISSN 1359-4311, 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2012.03.023.
5. Chin-Hsiang Cheng, Hang-Suin Yang, Analytical model for predicting the effect of operating speed on shaft power output of Stirling engines, Energy, Volume 36, Issue 10, October 2011, Pages 5899-5908, ISSN 0360-5442, 10.1016/j.energy.2011.08.033.