bs en 10160-99

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S T D - B S I BS EN LOLbO-ENGL 1999 M 1 i b 2 4 b b 9 0 8 0 b L b 4 7 7 8

BRITISH STANDARD

Ultrasonic testing ofsteel flat product of

thickness equal or

greater than 6 mm

(reflection method)

The European Standard E N 101601999has the status of aBritish Standard

IC s 77.140.50

NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERM ISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHï LAW

BS EN

10160:1999

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STDmBSI B S EN 10160-ENGL 1997 = L b 2 4 b b 9 0 8 0 b 1 b 5 b 0 4 m

Amd.No. IDate

BS EN 10160:1999

Comments

National foreword

This British Standard is the English language version of EN 10160:1999. ItsupersedesBS 5996:1993, which iswithdrawn.

The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical CommitteeISW3, Steels for pressure purposes,to Subcommittee ISER3L2, Steel plates and

bars for pressure purposes, which has the responsibility o:- id enquirem to understand the text;

- resent to the responsible European committeeany enquiries on the

- monitor related international and European developments and promulgate

interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the üK interests informed

them in the UK.

A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request

to its secretaq

Cross-references

The British Standards which implement internationalorEuropean publications

referred to in thisdocument may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under thesection entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index“,or by using the

“Fi nd“facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue.

A British Standard does not purportin include all the nececsary provisions of a

conbct. Users of British Stan- are responsible for their correct application.

Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity

from legal obligations.

Summary of pages

This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page,pages 2 to 14, an nside back coverand a back cover.

The BSI copyright notice displayed throughout ths document i n d i c a when thedocument was last issued.

Tiiis British Standard,havingbeen preparedunder thedirection of the EngineeringSector Conunittee, was publishedunder the authoritv of theStandards Commikee and comesinto effect on 15 November 1999

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STD*BSI B S E N LDILbO-ENGL 1999 1b24bb9 OBObLbb 5 4 0 W

EUROPEANSTANDARD

NORME EUROPÉENNE

EUROPÄISCHE NORM

EN10160

Juiv 1999

ICs77.040.20; 77.140.50

English version

Ultrasonic testing of steel flat product of thickness equal or

greater than 6 mm (reflection method)Contrôle ultrasonore des produits plats en acier d 'épaisseur

égale ou supérieure à 6 mm (méthode par réflexion)Ultraschallprüfungvon Flacherzeugnissen aus Stahl mit

einer Dicke größer oder gleich 6 m m (Reílexionsverfahren)

This European Standard was approved by C EN on 3 Ma rch 1999.

CEN members are bo und o comply with the CENICE NELEC Intemal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for givin g this EuropeanStandard the status of a nationa l standard wlh ou t any alte ration. Up-to-date ists and bibliographical references co ncernin g such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Cen tral Secretariat or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official vers ions (English, French, German).A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same statu s as the officialversions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Iceland , Ireland. Italy. Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switze rland and United Kingdom.

CENEUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

C O M I T E E U R O P E E N Df i N O R M A L I S A T I O N

E U R O P A I S C H E S K O M I T t E FUR N O R M U N G

Central Secretar iat : ru e de Stassart, 36 8-1050 Brussels

D 1999 CEN Al l righ ts of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.

Ref. No. EN 10160:1999 E


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Page 2EN 1O160:1999

Contents

Foreword................................................................................................................................................ 2

1 Scope......................................................................................................................................... 3

2 Normative referenc es...................................................................,..,.,,. ................................... 3

3 Terms and defin ition s ................................................................................. .......................... ..3

4 Principle ............................................................................... ,................................................. ..4

5 Personnel............................ ............... ......... ...... ..................................... ........ .... .....4

6 Apparatus........ ........... ... .. ..... ............ ...... . .......... ... .... .. . 4

7 Coupling con dit ions Surface co nd it ion of the flat produ ct ...............................................8 Scanning p lan ...................................................... ....................................... ....................... ....6

9 Procedure...............................................................................................................,..............,...

10 Acceptance criteria .................................... . ....... ............................................................... ...9

11 Test report............................................................................................................................. .. 10

Annex A (informative)List of equivalent term s in several European anguages............................ 14

Foreword

This European Standard has been prep ared by Technical Committee EC ISSFC 2 "Steel physico-chemicaland non-destructive testing", the S ecretariat of which is held by AFNOR.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of a n identicaltext or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2000, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawnat the latest by January 2000.

According to the CENZENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the followingcountries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark,Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal,Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the Un ited Kingdom .

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Page 3EN 10160:1999

i Scope

This European Standard describes a method for the ultrasonic testing of uncoated flat steel product for

internal d iscontinuities. It is applicable to flat product in nominal thickness range of 6 m m to 200 mm ofnon-alloyed or alloyed steel, excluding austenitic or austenoferritic steels. However, this standard may beapplied to the latter types of steels provided that the difference between the amplitude of the noise signaland that of the e cho detection thresh old is sufficient for the limit fixed.

This standard also defines four quality classes for the flat product body (classes So, i, S2 and Sg) and 5classes (Eo,E,, *, E3,E for the ed ges in accordance with the criteria specified in clause 9.

Other methods of testing (e.9. by transmission) or other test equipment may be used at th e manufacturer’sdiscretion pro vided that they give iden tical results to those obtained under the conditions of th is standard. Inthe event of a dispute, only the m ethod defined in this standard shall prevail.

Testing of flat product of thickness less than 6 mm may be the subject of special agreements between the

parties concerned.

The inspection is normally carried out in the place of production or on the premises of the supplier. If

specified on the order, the inspe ction may take place in the presence of the purchaser or his representative”.

A list of equivalen t terms in several Eu ropean languages is given in annex A.

2 Normative references

This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications.These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed

hereafter. For date d references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications applyto this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated referencesthe latest edition of the publication refe rred to applies.

EN 473,Qualification and certi fication of NDT personnel - General principles

prEN 1330-4, Non destructive testin g - Terminology - Part 4 : erms used in uifrasoning testin g

3 Terms and def in i t ions

For the purposes of this European Standard, the definitions given in prEN 1330-4 and the followingdefinitions app ly:

3.1

internal disco ntinuityany imperfection lying within the thickness of the flat p roduct, e.g. planar or lam ina r imperfection,single-plane or multi-plane inclus ion band s or clusters

NOTE It is referred in the text as discontinuity.

3.2

defectunacceptable internal discontinuity, ¡.e. exceeding the specified maximum size or population d en sity limits

11

In this case, ail steps should be taken to ensure that the production process is not disturbed.

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3.3populationdensitythe number of individual in terna l discontinuities of a size greater than a specified min imum size and less thana specified maximum size pe r spec ified area of body or length of edge zone

3.4manual and assisted m an u al testingtesting by an operator applying an ultrasonic probe, or probes, to the flat product surface, manuallyexecuting the appropriate scanning pattern on the flat product surface and visually assessing ultrasonicsignal indications on the ele ctro nic equ ipment screen either by direct viewing or b y built- in signal amplitudealarm devices

3.5automatic and sem i-autom atic es tingtesting using a mechanized means of applying the ultrasonic probe or probes to, and executing theappropriate scanning pa ttern on the flat product surface, together with ultrasonic sign al indication evaluationby electronic means. Such testing can be either fully automatic with no operator involvement, or semi-automatic when the ope rato r pe rforms basic equipment operation functions

4 Pr inc ip le

The method used is base d o n the reflection of ultrasonic waves (generally longitu dinal), the mean direction ofwhich is perpendicular to the surface of the product. The examination consists of:

a) locating any discontinuity by com paring the amplitude of the discontinuity ech o w ith the amplitude of theecho of a flat-bottomed hole of a given diam eter and located at the same depth as th e d iscontinuity.

NOTEreference flat-bottomed hole are taken into consideration;

Only those discontinuities giving an echo at least equivalent in amplitude to that of the echo obtained with the

b) then determining its area , the contou r of the discontinuity being defined by the p ositions of the centre ofthe probe corresponding to an echo amplitude of half the maximum amplitude of the discontinuity underconsideration (6 dB method).

The examination is carried out during the first ultrasonic scan for all the flat product thicknesses and fromone side only.

5 Personnel

Testing is carried out by qualified personnel under the responsibility of a level 3 individual certified inaccordance with EN 473.

6 Apparatus

6.1 Description

The detection apparatus shall be equipped with an oscilloscope screen allowing the path of the ultrasonicwaves in the flat product to b e followed. The oscillograms shall be clearly visible, the peaks corresponding tothe successive echoes be ing sharp and very clear; the apparatus shall be suitably calibrated and shall beequipped with an amplifier ma rked in decibels.

Both ultrasonic testing apparatus with display monitor and amplifier control graduated in dB, or apparatuswithout display monitor can be used. Apparatus without display monitor shall be able to carry out automaticamplitude testing and eva luation and their unit of measurement shall be calibrated in dB .

It shall be possible to regu late amplification , power and time base.

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60I I 200

The apparatus includes at least one probe which may be either a probe with a single transducer serving forboth emission and reception (single probe) or a double transducer probe (separate emission-receptiontransducers). The mean direc tion of the waves emitted and received shall be perpendicular to the surface ofthe product.

Single or double transducer

probe a)b)

The probe shall have a frequency and dimensions such that the required sensitivity can be guaranteedthroughout the extent of the tes t field.

The single probes shall be such that their dead zone is as small as possible, ¡.e. 15% of the flat productthickness or 15 mm whichever is the smaller. The focusing zone of the double transducer probes shall beadapted to Yie thickness of the flat product.

The main dimensions of probes are 10 mm to 25 mm in diameter and the probes shall have a nominalfrequency in the range of 2 MHz to 5 MHz. Probes of larger dimension and of a nominal frequency that isouts ide the range of 2 MHz to 5 MHz may be use d for automatic or sem i-autom atic testing and/or when theflat product exhibits high attenuation provided that the ma in requirements of this standard are met.

Th e type of the probe depen ds on the thickness of the flat p roduct as given in Table 1:

Table 1- ype of probe

Nominal thickness of the flatproduct (e) or depth of any

discont inui ty zonemm

Type of p r obe

I6 1 e < 6 0 I Double transducer probe

The probe may be either hand held, or mounted on a continuous testing apparatus with a scanning speedcuff ciently low for the discontinuities to be easily located taking into account the display delay of the screen,or fitted with a device wh ich indica tes the discontinuity.

When double transducer probes are used, the orientation of the barrier separating the two transducers shallbe perpendicular to the scanning direction.

Th e verification of the appa ratus sha ll be carried out in accordance with the relev an t national standards.

6.2 Adjustment of the apparatus

Adjustment of the apparatus for use particularly requires that the time base, power and amplification bedetermined.

Th e time base is adjusted to a value at which the distance , on the oscilloscope screen, between the emiss ionecho and back-wall echo is su fficient to allow a d efec t echo to be clearly de tec ted between them.

At least two back-wall echoes should be displayed.


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EN 10160:1999

The power and amplification are adjusted in conjunction on a sound area which does not give anydiscontinuity echo. The first back-wall echo shall then be brought up to the maximum amplitude compatiblewith the height of the screen in the field of linearity of the apparatus (generally between 80% and 100% fullscreen height).

The system shall be ch ec ke d at least once every 8 h.

7 C oupl ing c o nd i t i on s - Surface condition of the f lat pr od uc t

The coupling medium shall ensure an adequate contact between the probe and the surface of the flatproduct. Water is normally used but other coupling media (e.g. oil, paste) may be used at the discretion ofthe supplier.

The surface condition sh al l permit at least two successive back-wall ech oes to be distinguished when theprobe is placed on any area free from internal discontinuities. The flat products are normally examinedwithout any special prep arat ion of the surface.

8 Scanning p lan

8.1General

For the flat product bo dy , th e testing is basedon statistical methods, unless otherw ise specified in the order.

According to the quality class, scanning of the flat product shall be carried out in accordance with 8.2and/or 8.3.

By agreement at the time of order, a scanning with a defined scan coverage or a s cann ing of all body part ofthe flat product may be pro vide d, the operating conditions being included in the agreement.

8.2 Testing of the flat product body

8.2.1 Class &,and S, flat product

Scanning comprises co ntinu ou s examination along the lines of a grid made of a 200 mrn square parallel tothe edges of the flat product, or along parallel or oscillating lines distributed uniformly over the area, givingthe same degree of co ntr ol.

8.2.2 Class Spand Ss lat product

Scanning comprises con tinuo us examination along the lines of a grid made of a 100 mm square parallel tothe edges of the flat product, or along parallel or oscillating lines distributed unifo rm ly over the area, givingthe same degree of control.

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Thic kn ess of the flatproduct e

mm

8.3 Testing of the flat product edges

Scanning comprises a full examination of a zone in accordance with Table 2 over the four edges of the flatproduct.

Zone width

mm

1 0 0 5 e r 2 0 0

6 s e < 5 0

50 I e < 100

1O0

50

75

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9 Procedure

9.1 Sensitivity an d range setting

For each type of p rob e, curves shall be used giving:

a) the change in th e am plitude of the back-wa ll echo as a function of th e thickness of the flat product;

b) the change in the amplitude of the echo of the flat-bottomed hole as a function of its depth, for holes ofdiameter:

- 11 mm for classes SO,SI, Eo and E,;

- 8 mm for class es Sp, E2 and El ;

- 5 mm for classes S3 nd Ed.

The bottom of the ho le shall be as flat as practicable, parallel to the ultrasound entry surface and free frompits or score marks that significantly degrade its ultrasonic reflectivity. The tolerance on the diameter of theflat bottomed hole o r w idth of recess shall be + 5%.

The use of rectangular recesses is permitted provided that the length and width of the recess are chosen toprovide an ultrasonic signal response essentially equivalent to that obtained from the stipulated flat bottomedhole using the sa me equipmentitransducer type combination.

When testing with a double-transducer probe, only the 5 mm diameter ho le is u sed for a ll the qualities as thecharacteristic curv es correspo nding o the 8 mm and 11 mm diameter holes become con fused with the curveof the back-wall echo.

These curves sha ll b e determin ed using blocks (graduated block for th e curve showing the variation in theamplitude of the back-wall echo and blocks comprising the flat-bottomed holes at different depths for thecharacteristic curves for 11 mm , 8 mm and 5 mm diameters). The blo cks are made of carbon steel with ahomogenous struc ture and each curve shall be determined from at leas t five points distributed over the entirefield of use of the p robe . All these curves can be supplied by the manufacturer of the probe.

Thus, for a flat product of given thickness, the method consists of adjusting the amplitude of the back-wallecho to the value given by the curve for the variation of the back-wall echo amplitude and comparing theamplitude of the discont inuity echo with the characteristics curves (for 11 mm , 8 mm and 5 mm diameters) inaccordance with the class selected. Only discontinuities for which the amplitude of the echo is greater thanthat of the characteris tic curve shall be taken into account.

9.2 Determination of the area of discontinuities

9.2.1 Testing the f lat produ ct body

9.2.1.1 Testing w ith do ub le transducer probes

The area of al l the discontinuities giving responses that exceeded the characteristic curve shall bedetermined using the 6 di3 technique, ¡.e. the contour of the discontinuity being defined as the positions ofthe centre of the probe when the response from the discontinuity is equal to half the maximum amplitude. Arectangle that encompasse s the whole of the discontinuity is then determined, the major dimension of whichis called the length of the discontinuity and the minor dimension the width of the discontinuity. The area ofthe rectangle is also calculated.

The area of the rectangle defines the area S of the discontinuity. Two nearby discontinuities shall beconsidered to rep res en t a single discontinuity, the area being equal to the sum of the two if the distancebetween them is less than or eq ua l to the length of the smaller of the two.

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9.2.1.2 Testing with single probes

The test consists of :

a) for class So and Sl flat product : determination of the area in accordance with the method defined

in 8.2.1.1;

b) for class Sa and SJ flat product : simply counting of the d iscontinuities w hich can be done when the y aredetected using the charac teristic curves for 5 mm, 8 mm and 11 mm diameter holes.

The following is thus determined:- or class S p : the number of discontinuities giving echoes with an amplitude greater than the 11 mmdiameter cu rve and the number N2of discontinuities (Table 4) givin g echoes with an amplitude betweencharacteristic curves for the 8 mm and 11mm diameter holes;

- or class S3 : the number of discontinuities giving echoes with an amplitude greater than the 8 mmdiameter curv e and the number N3 of discontinuities (Table 4) givin g echoes with an amplitude between

characteristic curves for th e 5 mm and 8 mm diameter holes.

9.2.2 Testing the edges

The test consists of scanning the total area of the edges (or areas to be welded according to sketches)where discontinuities were located defined in 8.3 under the same cond ition s as for flat product body (9.2.1).

The following are determined:

- he maximum dimension (LmaX)nd minimum dimension (L,,,;,,) of the discontinuity in the direction parallelto the edge of the flat product;

- he area (S) of the discontinuity;

- he number of discon tinuities smaller than the m axim um area (SmaX)nd longer than minimum dimension(Lm,")per 1m length.

The determination of these prope rties of the discontinuity is ob tained using the 6 dB method.

1O Acceptance criteria

Tables 3 and 4 give the acceptance criteria for the four quality classes (So,Sl, Sa,SJ)or the flat productbody, depending o n the type of probe used and the Table 5 for the five e dge classes (Eo, E l , EO,EJ, E4) (seeFigure 1) .

Subject to agreement on ordering, the fiat product may be supplied with different quality classes for flat

product body and/o r edges.

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11 Test report

When requested, the manufacturer shall submit a test report which sha ll include at least the following poin ts:

a) re feren ce to the pres en t European Standard;

b) re feren ce data of the flat product examined (identification of the grade, heat treatment condition,surface condition , dimensions);

c) the characteristics of the ultrasonic probe (type, dimensions, fre quen cy) and of the apparatus;

d) the op eration con ditio ns (coupling medium, scanning, method of area de termination used, setting ofthe apparatus);

e) the tes t results;

f)

g) date of test report.

a list of spec ial po ints which have been the subject of special agreement;

Table 3- cceptance criteria for testing with d ou bl e trans du cer probesfor th e body of flat produ cts for thick nesses < 60 mm

Class

SO

Sl

S2

s3

Unacceptableindiv idual

discontinuitymm2

s > 5 O00

s > 1 O00

s > 100

S > 50

Acceptable clus ters of disco ntinuities

Area a) consideredmm 2

1 O00 s I 5 00

1 0 0 < S I O00

50<S1 100

2 0 ~ s ~0

Maximu m densitynot greater than

20 in the most populated1 m x 1 m square

15 in the most populated1 m x 1 m square

1O in the most populated1 m x 1 m square

1O in the most populated1 m x 1 rn square

a) Area of each discontinuity in the cluster in question (see9.2).

NOTEmethod is used for the sizingof discontinuities.

This table can be used for thicknesses1 0 mm if an appropriate method other than the 6 dB

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Table 4- cceptanc e criteria for testing w ith no rm al pr ob es or the body of flat produ cts

Class

30

31

s 2

s3

Unacceptableindividual

discont inui ty

s > 5 000 mm2

s > 1 000 rnm2

Discontinu ities where theflaw echo has an amplitudegreater than the characteristicc u r v e 0 1 1 m m

Discontinuities where theflaw echo has an amplitudegreate r than the characteristiccurve 0 8 rnrn

Ac ceptab le clusters of discontinuities

Dimensions a) (number)considered

100 < s 5 000 rnm2

NZ(between 0 8 rnm

and 0 11 mm)

N3

(between 0 5mm

and 0 8 mm)

a) Dimensions of each discontinuity in the cluster in question (see 9.2).

Maximum num bernot g reater than

i0 in the most populatedIm x 1 m square

15 in the most populatedim x 1 m square



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EO

E l

E2

E3

E4

Table 5- cceptance criteria for flat pr od uc t edge zon e testing

1O0

50

40

30

20

Permissible individualdisc ontinu ity size

M ax i m umDimens ion

Class MaximumArea

mm.l.o;

2 O00

1 O00

500

1O0

50

Minimumdiscontinuity

dimension con sidered

Lmln

mm

Permissible num ber ofdiscontinuit ies

sm aller than the m aximu marea Smax and lo ng er than

LmInper 1 m length

50

25

20

15

10

NOTE

curves for the 11 mm, 8 mm and 5 mm diameters holes:For product with thickness2 60mm, a counting of the discontinuities is carried out using the characteristics

- dnumber of discontinuities giving echos with an amplitude between characteristic curves for the 8 mm and 11mm diameter holes : 3;

- number of discontinuities giving echos with an amplitude between characteristic curves for the 5 mm and 8 mm

diameter holes : 2.

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I

1I I

I

2 _IL7

- - 2

- - 2I fdSL2

/

then S = St + S2

- - 2

I 4

Key :

1

2 Scanline3 Edgezone4 Principalrollingdirection5 Flat product

6 Width7 Length

See Table 2 for h e value of the edge zone width

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Figure 1- chematic represen tation of terms used

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Annex A

(informat ve)

List of equivalent terms in several European languages

Table A . l

English~

Time base

Noise signal

Discontinuity echoBack echo

Probe

Double transducerprobe

Single pro be

Transducer

Flat bottome d hole

Dead zone

French

Base de temps

Bruit de fond

Echo d'anomalieEcho de fond

Traducteur

Traducteurémetteur etrécepteur séparés

Traducteur normal

Transducteur

Trou à fond plat

Zone morte

German

Zeitablenkung

Rauschanzeige

FehlerechoRückwandecho

Prüfkopf

SE-Prüfkopf

Einschwinger-

Prüfkopf

Schwinger

Flachbodenboh ung

Tote Zone

Italian

Base dei tempi

Rum ore di fondo

Eco de l difettoEco di fondo

Sonda

Sonda edemettitore ericevitore separati(sonda doppia)

Sonda normale

Transduîtore

Foro a fondo piatto

Zona morta

Dutch

Tijdbasis

Ruis

Indicatie-echoBodemecho

Taster

Dubbel-kristaltaster

Rechtetaster

Kristal

Vlakbodemgat

Dode zone

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