BRITISH STANDARD BS EN474-4:1996

Earth-moving machinery Safety

Part 4: Requirements for backhoe loaders

The European Standard EN 474-4:1996 has the status of aBritish Standard

ICS 53.100

BS EN 474-4:1996

This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Sector Board for Building and Civil Engineering, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on15 July 1996

BSI 02-1999

The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard:Committee reference B/513/1Draft for comment 93/102262 DC

ISBN 0 580 25883 1

Committees responsible for this British Standard

The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by Technical Committee B/513, Construction equipment and plant, and site safety, to Subcommittee B/513/1, Earth-moving machinery, upon which the following bodies were represented:

British Coal CorporationConstruction Plant (Hire Association)Federation of Civil Engineering ContractorsFederation of Manufacturers of Construction Equipment and CranesHealth and Safety ExecutiveInstitution of Civil EngineersSilsoe Research Institute

Amendments issued since publication

Amd. No. Date Comments

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Contents

PageCommittees responsible Inside front coverNational foreword iiForeword 2Text of EN 474-4 5List of references Inside back cover

BS EN 474-4:1996

ii BSI 02-1999

National foreword

This British Standard has been prepared by Subcommittee B/513/1 and is the English language version of EN 474-4:1996 Earth-moving machinery Safety Part 4: Requirements for backhoe loaders, published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). It is one of a number of British Standards implementing European Standards on machinery safety matters, in the development of which the United Kingdom has played an active part.This British Standard covers the essential safety requirements in the Machinery Directive (89/392/EEC) and the Amending Directive (91/368/EEC).

Cross-references

Publication referred to Corresponding British Standard

BS EN 292 Safety of machinery. Basic concepts, general principles for design

EN 292-1:1991 Part 1:1991 Basic terminology, methodologyEN 292-2:1991 Part 2:1991 Technical principles and specificationsEN 474-1:1994 BS EN 474 Earth-moving machinery. Safety

Part 1:1995 General requirementsENV 1070:1993 DD ENV 1070:1993 Safety of machinery. TerminologyEN 25353:1988 BS 5631:1978 Specification for earth moving machinery

and tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry Seat index point

EN 60204-1:1992 BS EN 60204 Safety of machinery. Electrical equipment of machinesPart 1:1993 Specification for general requirements

ISO 2330:1991 BS 5639 Fork arms for fork lift trucksPart 4:1978 Specification for technical characteristics and testing

ISO 3457:1986 BS EN ISO 3457:1995 Earth-moving machinery. Guards and shields. Definitions and specifications

ISO 4250-2:1991 BS AU 50 Tyres and wheelsPart 1: TyresSection 3: Off-the-road tyresSubsection 3:2a:1991 Specification for narrow and wide base tyre loads and inflation pressures

ISO 5006-1:1991 BS 6911 Testing earth moving machineryPart 5:1992 Determination of operators field of view

ISO 5998:1986 BS 6912 Safety of earth-moving machinery Part 2:1989 Specification for rated operating load for crawler and wheel loaders

ISO 6014:1986 BS 5982:1987 Method for determination of ground speed of earth-moving machinery

ISO 6016:1982 BS 6300:1982 Methods of measuring the masses of whole machines, their equipment and components of earth-moving machinery

ISO 6393:1985 BS 6812 Airborne noise emitted by earth-moving machineryPart 1:1987 Method of measurement of exterior noise in a stationary test condition

ISO 6682:1986 BS EN ISO 6682:1995 Earth-moving machinery Zones of comfort and reach for controls

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A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.

Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.

ISO 7096:1994 BS 6912 Safety of earth-moving machinery. Part 17:1995 Specification for laboratory evaluation of operator seat vibration

ISO 7546:1983 BS 6422:1983 Method for volumetric rating of loader and front loading excavator buckets used for earth-moving

ISO 8313:1989 BS 6911 Testing earth-moving machineryPart 2:1990 Measurement of tool forces and tipping loads of loaders

ISO 8643:1988 BS 6912 Safety of earth-moving machinery Part 1:1988 Specification for hydraulic excavator and backhoe loader boom lowering control device

ISO 9248:1992 BS 6911 Testing earth-moving machineryPart 7:1992 Testing of earth-moving machinery.Specification for units of measurement and tolerances

ISO 10533:1993 BS 6912 Safety of earth-moving machineryPart 11:1993 Requirements for lift arm support devices

Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv,the EN title page, pages 2 to 18, an inside back cover and a back cover.This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.

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EUROPEAN STANDARD

NORME EUROPENNE

EUROPISCHE NORM

EN 474-4

February 1996

ICS 53.100

Descriptors: Earth-moving equipment, loaders, hydraulic excavators, safety of machine, accident prevention, safety requirements, specifications

English version

Earth-moving machinery Safety Part 4: Requirements for backhoe loaders

Engins de terrassement Scurit Partie 4: Exigences applicables auxchargeuses-pelleteuses

Erdbaumaschinen Sicherheit Teil 4: Anforderungen fr Baggerlader

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1995-11-12. CEN membersare bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations whichstipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of anational standard without any alteration.Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to anyCEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French,German). A version in any other language made by translation under theresponsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to theCentral Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium,Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland andUnited Kingdom.

CEN

European Committee for StandardizationComit Europen de NormalisationEuropisches Komitee fr Normung

Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels

1996 All rights of reproduction and communication in any form and by any means reserved to CEN andits members

Ref. No. EN 474-4:1996 E

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EN 474-4:1996

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Foreword

This European Standard has been prepared by CEN/TC 151, Construction equipment and building material machines Safety, of which the secretariat is held by DIN.This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).Annex A is normative and contains Test method for rated operating load, Annex B is normative and contains List of additional hazards and Annex C is informative and contains Illustrations.EN 474 Earth-moving machinery Safety comprises the following parts:

Part 1: General requirements; Part 2: Requirements for tractor-dozers; Part 3: Requirements for loaders; Part 4: Requirements for backhoe loaders; Part 5: Requirements for hydraulic excavators; Part 6: Requirements for dumpers; Part 7: Requirements for tractor-scrapers; Part 8: Requirements for graders; Part 9: Requirements for pipelayers; Part 10: Requirements for trenchers; Part 11: Requirements for earth and landfill compactors; Part 12: Requirements for rope excavators.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 1996, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 1996.According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

Contents

PageForeword 20 Introduction 51 Scope 52 Normative references 53 Definitions 63.1 Common definitions 63.2 Additional definitions 63.2.1 Backhoe loader 63.2.2 Attachment bracket 63.2.3 Attachment 64 Safety requirements 64.1 Access 64.2 Operators station 64.2.1 Heating and ventilation 64.2.2 Rear visibility 74.3 Operators protection 74.3.1 Roll-over protective structures

(ROPS) on derivated machinery 74.3.2 Fenders 74.4 Operators seat vibration 74.5 Lift arm support device 74.6 Operators controls 74.6.1 Remote control 74.6.1.1 Control box 74.6.1.1.1 General requirements 74.6.1.1.2 Emergency stop 74.6.1.1.3 Controls 74.6.1.2 Selecting switch 74.6.1.3 Warning devices 74.6.1.4 Travelling 74.6.1.5 Instructions 84.7 Lighting, signalling and

marking lights and reflex-reflector devices 8

4.8 Warning and signalling device 84.9 Tyres and rims 84.10 Stability in different applications 84.10.1 Loader portion 84.10.1.1 Bucket application 84.10.1.2 Fork application 84.10.1.2.1 Stability factors 84.10.1.2.2 Hydraulic capacity 84.10.1.2.3 Rated operating load 84.10.1.2.4 Fork size 8

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Page4.10.1.3 Object handling application 94.10.1.3.1 Stability factor 94.10.1.3.2 Hydraulic capacity 94.10.1.3.3 Rated operating load 94.10.1.3.4 Load hooking device 94.10.1.4 Log handling application 94.10.1.4.1 Stability factor 94.10.1.4.2 Hydraulic capacity 94.10.1.4.3 Rated operating load 94.10.1.5 Other applications 94.10.2 Backhoe portion 104.10.2.1 Bucket application 104.10.2.2 Object handling application 104.10.2.2.1 Rated object handling capacity 104.10.2.2.2 Load hooking device 104.10.2.2.3 Load safety devices 104.10.2.3 Other applications 104.10.3 Load capacity information 104.11 Airborne noise 104.12 Attachment bracket 104.12.1 Locking 104.12.2 Identification 114.12.3 Instructions 114.13 Attachment 114.13.1 Identification 114.13.2 Instructions 115 Warning signs and hazard

pictorials 116 Instruction handbook 11Annex A (normative) Test method for ratedobject handling capacity 13Annex B (normative) List of additionalhazards 15Annex C (informative) Illustrations 17Figure 1 Location of measuring points 6Figure 2 Load centre distance 9Figure C.1 Wheel backhoe loader 17Figure C.2 Crawler backhoe loader 17Figure C.3 Backhoe loader with poleerecting attachment 18Figure C.4 Backhoe loader with earthdrill 18

PageTable 1 Rated load capacity as % oftipping load 8Table 2 Load centre distance 9Table 3 Rated load capacity as % oftipping load 9Table 4 Achievable noise emission values 10Table 5 Attachment bracket identification 11Table 6 Attachment identification 12

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EN 474-4:1996

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0 IntroductionThis European Standard is a Type C-standard in the structure of A-/B-/C-standards as defined in EN 292-1:1991.The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards are covered is indicated in the scope of this standard.

1 ScopeThis standard specifies additional requirements to and/or exceptions from EN 474-1:1994Earth-moving machinery Safety Part 1: General requirements.This standard applies to wheel and crawler backhoe loaders defined in ISO/DIS 6165:1994, and gives additional requirements for attachments and for derivated machinery.This standard applies for crawler backhoe loaders as defined in 3.2.1 and Figure C.2.This standard deals with the significant hazards pertinent to backhoe loaders when they are used as intended and under the conditions foreseen by the manufacturer (see Annex B of this standard and Annex C of EN 474-1:1994).

2 Normative referencesThis European Standard incorporates by dated or undated references, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to appliesEN 292-1:1991, Safety of machinery Basic concepts General principles for design Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology. EN 292-2:1991, Safety of machinery Basic concepts General principles for design Part 2: Technical principles and specifications. EN 474-1:1994, Earth-moving machinery Safety Part 1: General requirements. ENV 1070:1993, Safety of machinery Terminology. EN 25353:1988, Earth-moving machinery and tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry Seat index point. EN 60204-1:1992, Safety of machinery Electrical equipment of machines Part 1: General requirements.

ISO 2330:1991, Fork lift trucks Fork arms Technical characteristics and testing. ISO 3457:1986, Earth-moving machinery Guards and shields Definitions and specifications. ISO 4250-2:1991, Narrow and wide base off-road tyres and rims Part 2: Loads and inflation pressure. ISO/DIS 4250-3:1993, Earth-mover tyres and rims Part 3: Rims. ISO 5006-1:1991, Earth-moving machinery Operators field of view Part 1: Test method. ISO 5998:1986, Earth-moving machinery Rated operating load for crawler and wheel loaders. ISO 6014:1986, Earth-moving machinery Determination of ground speed. ISO 6016:1982, Earth-moving machinery Methods of measuring the masses of whole machines, their equipment and components. ISO/DIS 6165:1994, Earth-moving machinery Basic types Vocabulary. ISO 6393:1985, Acoustics Measurement of airborne noise emitted by earth-moving machinery Method for determining compliance with limits for exterior noise Stationary test condition. ISO 6682:1986, Earth-moving machinery Zones of comfort and reach for controls. ISO 7096:1994, Earth-moving machinery Laboratory evaluation of operator seat vibration. ISO/DIS 7451:1994, Earth-moving machinery Volumetric ratings for hydraulic excavator buckets and backhoe loader buckets. ISO 7546:1983, Earth-moving machinery Loader and front loading excavator buckets Volumetric ratings. ISO 8313:1989, Earth-moving machinery Loaders Methods of measuring tool forces and tipping load. ISO 8643:1988, Earth-moving machinery Hydraulic excavator and backhoe-loader boom lowering control device Requirements and tests. ISO 9244:1995, Earth-moving machinery General principles for safety signs and hazard pictorials. ISO 9248:1992, Earth-moving machinery Units for dimensions, performance and capacities, and their measurement accuracies. ISO/DIS 9249:1995, Earth-moving machinery Engine test code Net power. ISO 10263-2:1994, Earth-moving machinery Operator enclosure environment Part 2: Air filter test.

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ISO 10263-4:1994, Earth-moving machinery Operator enclosure environment Part 4: Operator enclosure ventilation, heating and/or air-conditioning test method. ISO 10533:1993, Earth-moving machinery Lift-arm support devices. ISO/DIS 10968:1993, Earth-moving machinery Operators controls. ISO 12509:1995, Earth-moving machinery Lighting, signalling and marking lights, and reflex-reflector devices.

3 DefinitionsFor the purposes of this standard the definitions stated in ENV 1070:1993 apply.Additional definitions specifically needed for this standard are added below:

3.1 Common definitions

Definitions used in EN and ISO standards referred to in this standard are also valid for this standard. Backhoe loaders are illustrated in Annex C of this standard.

3.2 Additional definitions

3.2.1 backhoe loader

self-propelled wheeled or crawler machine, having a main structural support designed to carry both a front-mounted loader linkage and a rear mounted excavator linkageNOTE When used in backhoe mode, the machine is stationary and normally digs below ground level with bucket motion toward the machine in a backhoe work cycle which contains excavating, elevating, swinging, and discharging material.When used in loader mode, normally with bucket, the machine loads through a forward motion of the machine in a loader work cycle which contains filling, elevating, transporting, and discharging material.

3.2.2 attachment bracket

device to facilitate quick interchange of attachments

3.2.3 attachment

removable device (working tool) mounted either directly to the linkage or on an attachment bracket to fulfil the primary function of the machine or for a specific useexample: Bucket, log grapple, blade, ripper

4 Safety requirements4.1 Access to crawler machines

EN 474-1:1994, clause 4.1 applies with the following exceptions. An access step integrated in the track frame can be retracted up to 30 mm from the outer edge of the track shoe.

4.2 Operators station

4.2.1 Heating and ventilation system

If a heating and ventilation system according to EN 474-1:1994, clause 4.2.2.6, is required the following applies. The heating and ventilation system shall:

either comply with ISO 10263-4:1994; or have the capacity of increasing the temperature of the air inside the cab and maintaining a temperature of + 18 C at prevailing ambient temperature. The minimum capacity of the heating system shall have a %T of 25 C measured at 10 C ambient temperature.

Measurement of the system capacity shall be made at three points. The three points shall be located in a vertical plane through the SIP parallel to the longitudinal axis of the machine as follows (see Figure 1):

at the filament position centre-point as defined in ISO 5006-1:1991; at the SIP as defined in EN 25353:1988; 100 mm above floor plate and 600 mm in front of the SIP.

Alternatively the heating capacity can be determined by calculation.

Figure 1 Location of measuring points

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The ventilation system shall be capable of providing the cab with filtered fresh air at the minium of 43 m3/h. The filter should be tested according to ISO 10263-2:1994.NOTE The filter element selection depends on the operating environment conditions.

4.2.2 Rear visibility

EN 474-1:1994, clause 4.7.1, third paragraph, applies also for rear window(s) with the following provisions:

arrangement to defrost the rear window(s) shall be made; the rear window(s) shall be fitted with a motorized wiper and washer.

4.3 Operators protection

4.3.1 Roll-over protective structures (ROPS) on derivated machinery

Backhoe loaders equipped with attachment other than bucket application shall have a ROPS (see EN 474-1:1994, clause 4.2.3) related to the maximum operating mass (see ISO 6016:1982), as specified by the manufacturer. When used as derivated machinery (e.g. pole erecting equipment), the maximum machine mass, which the ROPS structure meets, may be exceeded.

4.3.2 Fenders

Backhoe loaders without a cab shall have fenders which comply with ISO 3457:1986. Backhoe loaders with a maximum designed speed (see ISO 6014:1986) > 30 km/h shall be equipped with fenders that protect the operators station from debris ejected by the tyres if the risk exists.

4.4 Operators seat vibration

EN 474-1:1994, clause 4.3.1.3 applies with the following provisions:

the value of vibration transmitted to the operators seat shall comply with ISO 7096:1994 with an input vibration of class 3.

4.5 Lift arm support device

A mechanical lift arm support device shall be provided for the loader portion, if the lift arm is to be held in an elevated position for maintenance, service or non-operational purposes. The support device shall comply with ISO 10533:1993.

4.6 Operators controls

EN 4741:1994, clause 4.4.2 applies with the following additions:

operators controls shall comply withISO/DIS 10968:1993; the normal engine stopping device shall be within the zone of reach (see ISO 6682:1986).

backhoe loader fitted with outriggers shall have an audible warning device. This device shall warn the operator if he tries to raise the outriggers when the travel motion is engaged; if the backhoe loader is provided with an alternative operator position with alternative travel controls, there shall also be controls for braking and steering, which meet the performance requirement for the primary functions.

4.6.1 Remote control

EN 474-1:1994, clause 4.4.2.6 applies with the following additions.

4.6.1.1 Control box

Activation of controls shall only be possible from a portable remote control box.The remote control box shall have a key switch for activating/deactivating the remote control.

4.6.1.1.1 General requirements

By design the control box shall not obstruct the machine operators freedom of movement, and not be affected by impact and shock which could cause inadvertent machine movements.

4.6.1.1.2 Emergency stop

The remote control box shall be fitted with an emergency stop that fulfils the requirements of 10.7 of EN 60204:1992, category 1.

4.6.1.1.3 Controls

The control box shall have clearly marked directions of movements for the machine and its attachment and be safeguarded against unintentional actuation e.g. pushbuttons with protective collars. It shall be possible to lock the controls in the deactivated mode against unintentional or unauthorized actuation.

4.6.1.2 Selecting switch

A selecting switch shall be located at the operators station of the machine for selecting main or remote controlled mode.

4.6.1.3 Warning devices

When activated a visual warning shall indicate to bystanders that the machine is remote controlled and it shall be possible to operate the audible warning device of the machine from the control box.

4.6.1.4 Travelling

The machine travelling speed shall not exceed 10 km/h. When travelling the attachment, steering and brake systems shall be remote controlled.

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4.6.1.5 Instructions

The instruction handbook for remote controlled machines shall contain information about safe distance from which the operator can control the machine with the control box.NOTE This standard does not prescribe technical design requirements for remote control systems.

4.7 Lighting, signalling and marking lights and reflex-reflector devices

EN 474-1:1994, clause 4.7.2 applies with the following additions:Lighting, signalling and marking lights and reflex-reflector devices shall comply with appropriate clauses of ISO 12509:1995.

4.8 Warning and signalling device

EN 474-1:1994, clause 4.8 applies with the following addition:

the backhoe loader shall be provided with an audible warning device. The sound level shall be at least 93 dB(A) at 7 m distance from backhoe swing centre to the rear. The operator shall be able to control the warning device from the backhoe operation position.

4.9 Tyres and rims

Tyre and rim manufacturers shall be consulted to determine if the tyre and rim are of sufficient strength (inflation pressure and load performance) for the intended operating conditions,see ISO 4250-2:1991.Rims shall be easy to identify(see e.g. ISO/DIS4250-3:1993, clause 2).Instructions regarding safety rules, pressure(s), method of inflation and checking shall be provided in the instruction handbook.

4.10 Stability in different applications

All rated capacities as defined hereafter are based on the machine being level and on firm supporting ground.The weight of the attachments and attachment bracket if fitted should be included in the determination of the rated capacity.To provide a sufficient stability the rated operating loads in intended operating applications shall be determined as follows.

4.10.1 Loader portion

The rated capacities of a backhoe loader used in loader application shall be determined with the backhoe in its transport position as specified by the manufacturer.

4.10.1.1 Bucket application

The rated capacity of a backhoe loader used in bucket application shall be determined as follows:

tipping load shall be determined according to ISO 8313:1989; rated operating load shall be determined according to ISO 5998:1986; volumetric rating of the bucket shall be determined according to ISO 7546:1983.

NOTE The mass, the volumetric rating of the bucket and the density of the material have to be taken into account when a bucket is selected for a specific application.

4.10.1.2 Fork application

The rated operating load capacity for fork application shall be determined as follows.

4.10.1.2.1 Stability factors

The rated operating load capacity as a percentage of tipping load shall be determined according to ISO 8313:1989 with the fork attachment in a horizontal position and shall not exceed the values given in Table 1.Table 1 Rated load capacity as % of tipping

load

4.10.1.2.2 Hydraulic capacity

It shall be possible to control and move the load in all positions foreseen by the manufacturer and with all relevant hydraulic circuits involved.

4.10.1.2.3 Rated operating load

The rated operating load capacity is either determined by the rated load capacity specified in 4.10.1.2.1, or by the hydraulic capacity in 4.10.1.2.2 whichever is less.

4.10.1.2.4 Fork size

To select the fork arm size and to determine the load centre of gravity distance D, shown in Figure 2, the specifications in Table 2 shall be followed.

Ground condition % of tipping load

Rough terrain 60

Firm and level ground 80

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Table 2 Load centre distance

Forks shall meet the requirements stated in ISO 2330:1991.

4.10.1.3 Object handling application

The rated operating load capacity for handling a suspended load shall be determined as follows.

4.10.1.3.1 Stability factor

The rated load in object handling shall not exceed 50 % of the tipping load determined according to ISO 8313:1989, to be measured at the load hooking system and at the maximum reach specified by the manufacturer.

4.10.1.3.2 Hydraulic capacity

It shall be possible to control and move the load in all positions foreseen by the manufacturer and with all relevant hydraulic circuits involved.

4.10.1.3.3 Rated operating load

The rated operating load capacity is either determined by the rated load capacity specified in 4.10.1.3.1 or by the hydraulic capacity specified in 4.10.1.3.2, whichever is less.

4.10.1.3.4 Load hooking device

The load hooking device may be either fixed or removable. This device may be located on a bucket, on an arm or be a separate device, and shall:

be so located that the risk of being damaged during normal earth moving operations is minimized; be so designed so that the hooking device prevents unintentional unhooking; withstand a load of twice the rated load capacity of the loader portion. This test load is to be applied in the most unfavourable position of the total hooking system. No permanent deformation of the load hooking system is accepted.

4.10.1.4 Log handling application

The rated operating load capacity for log handling shall be determined as follows.

4.10.1.4.1 Stability factors

The rated load capacity as percentage of tipping load determined according to ISO 8313:1989 but with a log handling attachment, shall not exceed the values given in Table 3.Table 3 Rated load capacity as % of tipping

load

4.10.1.4.2 Hydraulic capacity

It shall be possible to control and move the load in all positions foreseen by the manufacturer and with all relevant hydraulic circuits involved.

4.10.1.4.3 Rated operating load

The rated operating load capacity is either determined by the rated load capacity specified in 4.10.1.4.1 or the hydraulic capacity in 4.10.1.4.2 whichever is less.

4.10.1.5 Other applications

The rated load capacity of derivated machinery shall be determined by the manufacturer according to the load capacity specification given in 4.10.1.1 to 4.10.1.4 whichever suits best the special application.

Figure 2 Load centre distance

Force F Distance

N mm

F # 10 000 400

10 000 < F # 50 000 500

50 000 < F # 100 000 600

Ground condition % of tipping load

Wheel backhoe loader

Crawler backhoe loader

Rough terrain 75 50

Firm and level ground 85 60

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4.10.2 Backhoe portion

EN 474-1:1994, clause 4.9 applies with the following exception.If the loader bucket is intended to increase the stability, the loader portion does not require a locking device.The rated capacities of a backhoe loader used in backhoe application shall be determined with the loader bucket and the outriggers placed on the ground [see A.4.2 d)].

4.10.2.1 Bucket application

The capacity for a backhoe loader used in backhoe application with a bucket shall be determined as the smallest of the following values:

a) tipping load according to A.1.3;b) hydraulic lift capacity according to A.1.4.

The volumetric rating of the bucket shall be determined according to ISO/DIS 7451:1994.NOTE The mass, the volumetric rating of the bucket and the density of the material have to be taken into account when a bucket is selected for a specific application.

4.10.2.2 Object handling application

The capacity of backhoe loader used for object handling application shall be determined as follows.

4.10.2.2.1 Rated object handling capacity

The rated object handling capacity of the backhoe portion is defined in A.6.

4.10.2.2.2 Load hooking device

The load hooking device may be either fixed or removable. This device may be located on a bucket, on any other part of the machine or be a separate device and shall:

be so located and designed that the risk of being damaged during normal earth-moving operations is minimized; be designed so that the hooking device prevents unintentional unhooking; withstand a load equal to twice the rated lift capacity of the backhoe portion. This test load shall be applied in the most unfavourable position of the total hooking system. No permanent deformation of the load hooking system is accepted.

4.10.2.2.3 Load safety devices

The backhoe portion used in object handling operations, with a maximum rated object handling capacity > 1 000 kg or an overturningmoment > 40 000 Nm shall be equipped with:

an acoustic or visual warning device which indicates to the operator when the rated object handling capacity/corresponding load moment is reached and continues as long as the load or load moment is exceeded. The rated object handling capacity is defined in 4.10.2.2.1; a boom lowering control device on the raising boom cylinder(s) which meets the requirements of ISO 8643:1988.

These devices may be deactivated while the backhoe equipment is performing operations other than object handling. The activation shall be clearly indicated. The control(s) of deactivation shall be within the operators zone of comfort according to ISO 6682:1986.

4.10.2.3 Other applications

4.10.1.5 applies.

4.10.3 Load capacity information

The manufacturer shall provide information on the rated load capacity at corresponding reach in the applications as described in 4.10.1 and 4.10.2. This information shall be provided to the user.

4.11 Airborne noise

EN 474-1:1994, clause 4.10.1 applies with the following addition. The sound power level of airborne noise shall be measured according to ISO 6393:1985. The targets for achievable sound power level are shown in Table 4.

Table 4 Achievable noise emission values

NOTE Achievable sound power levels do not constitute limit values of exposure for persons, but are the emission values from a machine under defined test conditions. They are not a barrier to innovation and they should not prevent the achievement of lower levels.

4.12 Attachment bracket

4.12.1 Locking

The attachment bracket locking system shall meet the following requirements:

it shall keep the attachment in the locked position by a positive engagement system and retain it under all operating conditions; it shall be possible to verify the locked position of the attachment bracket and the attachment from the operators position, or from the location where the locking control is operated;

Engine power P according to ISO/DIS 9249:1995

Achievable sound power level

kW dB(A)/ lpW

P # 70 106

70 < P # 160 108

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the control for locking and unlocking the system of the attachment bracket shall be secured against unintended release; it shall not be possible to release the attachment accidentally by malfunction or loss of engagement forces.

4.12.2 Identification

The attachment bracket shall be permanently marked according to Table 5.

4.12.3 Instructions

Instructions concerning mounting, locking, checking procedure and the influence on the rated operating load shall be provided by the attachment bracket manufacturer. The checking procedure for locking shall be described in detail.

4.13 Attachment

The machine manufacturer shall define the range of attachments intended to be used with the machine and establish the criteria for the safe fitting and subsequent use of the attachments.

4.13.1 Identification

The attachment shall be permanently marked according to Table 6.

4.13.2 Instructions

Instructions concerning mounting and use shall be provided by the attachment manufacturer.

5 Warning signs and hazard pictorialsWarning signs and hazard pictorials should follow the general principles of ISO 9244:1995. They shall be made of durable materials.

6 Instruction handbookEN 474-1:1994, clause 5 applies with the following additions.The instruction handbook shall contain the following information.

The need for a well-trained and competent operator. The safety rules to be observed, in particular the stability of the machine, its attachments and safe operation. All rated capacities are based on the criteria of the machine being level and on firm supporting ground. When operated the machine is in conditions that deviate from these criteria (e.g. on soft or uneven ground, on a slope or when subject to side loads), these conditions shall be taken into account by the operator. Indication that the machine user shall determine if special hazards exist in his application such as toxic gases, ground (underfoot) conditions etc. that require special precautions and that he shall take measures to eliminate or reduce the hazards. A description of the backhoe loader configuration required for object handling. The need for personal protective equipment. The range of temperature in which the machine is intended to be operated and stored. Provisions for limiting proximity hazards.

NOTE More detailed instructions for use will be included in a future revision of this standard.

Table 5 Attachment bracket identification

Required information Attachment bracket manufacturer

Same as machine manufacturer

Other than machine manufacturer

Attachment bracket manufacturers name or logotype

Required Required

Type denomination (e.g. part number) Required Required

Mass (kg) Not requireda Required

Working circuit pressure (Pa); (if relevant) Not requireda Required

Load capacity (N) Not requireda Requireda See manufacturers machine documentation.

EN 474-4:1996

12 BSI 02-1999

Table 6 Attachment identification

Required information Attachment manufacturer

Same as machine manufacturer

Other than machine manufacture

Attachment manufacturers name or logotype Required Required

Type denomination (e.g. part number) Required Required

Mass (kg) Not requireda Required

Working circuit pressure (Pa); (if relevant) Not requireda Required

Capacity of the attachment (e.g. m2, m3) (if relevant) Not requireda Requireda See manufacturers machine documentation.

EN 474-4:1996

BSI 02-1999 13

Annex A (normative)Test method for rated object handling capacity

This annex specifies a test method for determining the rated object handling capacity for the backhoe portion of the backhoe loader.A.1 DefinitionsA.1.1 anchorage pointvertical point below bucket hinge pin where the load force is applied or transposedA.1.2 hydraulic hold circuit loadpressure applied by the vertical load acting on the bucket hinge pin which actuates any hydraulic circuit relief valveA.1.3 tipping loadstatic load at the balance point.A.1.4 hydraulic lift capacitymaximum load that can be lifted at the bucket hinge pin with any hydraulic circuit activated, limited by the working circuit hydraulic pressureA.1.5 lift point radiusmaximum horizontal distance between the bucket hinge pin and the swing pivot centreA.1.6 balance pointpoint at which the moment acting to overturn the machine with a specific load and lift point radius is equal to the moment of the machine available to resist overturningA.1.7 overturning momentthe moment when the balance point is reachedA.2 ApparatusThe apparatus shall comprise the following and with tolerances as specified in ISO 9248:1992:

load cell or force transducer appropriate to the magnitude of the load to be measured; wire ropes and shackles, pulley, safety chains and adjustable anchor point (e.g. slide rail); pressure gauge; apparatus for measuring linear dimensions.

A.3 Test siteThe test site shall consist of a substantially level, hard surface, preferably concrete, with anchor point and sufficient space for the load cell.

A.4 Preparation for testA.4.1 GeneralThe machine shall be clean, and equipped according to the manufacturers specifications.The machine shall be equipped with appropriate counterweights and with attachment bracket if applicable (but no attachment). The machine shall have the tyre inflation and tyre ballast as specified by the manufacturer. The fuel tank shall be filled to 50 % capacity.Prior to testing, the engine and hydraulic system shall be at the normal working temperature, and the hydraulic system pressure(s) shall then be checked for compliance with the manufacturers recommended hydraulic pressure setting(s).A.4.2 PositionMachine shall be positioned on the test site as follows:

a) in the least stable position (e.g. fullyside-shifted and/or fully articulated);b) the oscillation of the articulated steering joint (if any) shall be locked;c) if the arm can be articulated horizontally, it shall be in the straight position;d) stabilization devices shall be engaged according to the manufacturers specifications. Outriggers and loader bucket shall be in a position so that the wheels just clear off ground.

A.5 Object handling capacity testA.5.1 Load cellA load cell shall be installed between the excavator bucket hinge pin and anchorage points, vertically below the hinge pin.A.5.2 Position of boom/armThe boom/arm shall be so positioned that the line between boom hinge pin and bucket hinge pin is horizontal when the force is applied.A.5.3 Test procedureA.5.3.1 Step oneThe test force shall be progressively applied until either:

a) the tipping load is reached or;b) the hydraulic holding circuit pressure load is reached.

A.5.3.2 Step twoThe test force shall be released and the boom hydraulic lift circuit shall be progressively applied until the hydraulic lift capacity as defined in A.1.4 is reached.

EN 474-4:1996

14 BSI 02-1999

A.5.4 VerificationThe following shall be measured and recorded:

a) the lift point radius;b) the tipping load;c) the hydraulic holding circuit pressure load;d) the hydraulic lift capacity.

A.6 Rated object handling capacityRated object handling capacity is the smallest of:

75 % of maximum tipping load according to A.5.3.1 a); 80 % of hydraulic holding circuit load according to A.5.3.1 b); 100 % of hydraulic lift capacity according to A.5.3.2.

A.7 Rated operating load with attachmentThe rated operating load shall be determined with the backhoe in the centre position at maximum lift point radius minus the mass of the attachment. Backhoe loaders with side shift shall be measured both with the backhoe in the centre position and fully side shifted.The rated object handling capacity table shall be calculated from the rated object handling capacity on different lift point radii minus the mass of the attachment. There shall be at least five different lift point radii. Minimum and maximum lift point radius shall always be included.

EN 474-4:1996

BSI 02-1999 15

Annex B (normative)List of additional hazards Backhoe loaders

The list of hazards in Annex C of EN 474-1:1994 applies with the following additions:

Additional hazards Relevant clauses

EN 292-2:1991 Annex A

EN 474-4

20 Hazards due to mobility and lifting

20.1 Travelling functions 3.2.1 4.3.23.2.3 4.6.1.1.2

3.3.3 4.6.1.2

20.2 Operating functions 3.3.1 4.6.1.13.3.2 4.6.1.1.5

4.10.1

4.10.2

20.3 Powering functions 3.3.5 4.10.1.2.24.10.1.3.2

4.10.1.4.2

20.4 Operators position 3.2.1 4.23.5.3 4.4

20.4.1 ROPS 3.4.3 4.3.120.5 Remote control 3.3.3 4.6.120.6 Accidental movement 3.4.1 4.3.2

4.1.2.6

20.7 Access 3.2.1 4.13.4.5

21 Hazards generated by inadequate lighting

21.1 Travelling area 3.1.2 4.721.2 Working area 3.1.2 4.722 Hazards caused by attachment and/or equipment 4.12.1

22.1 Loader portion 4.54.10.1

22.1.1 Bucket application 3.3.1 4.10.1.122.1.2 Fork application 4.10.1.222.1.3 Log handling application 4.10.1.422.1.4 Other applications 4.10.1.522.2 Backhoe portion 4.10.2

4.10.2.2

22.2.1 Bucket application 3.3.1 4.10.2.14.10.2.2.1

22.2.2 Other applications 4.10.2.322.3 Energy supply 4.10.1.2.2

4.10.1.3.2

4.10.1.4.2

EN 474-4:1996

16 BSI 02-1999

Additional hazards Relevant clauses

EN 292-2:1991 Annex A

EN 474-4

23 Hazards caused by attachment bracket 4.12.1

4.12.2

24 Hazards due to object handling 4.1.2.7

24.1 Stability 4.1.2.1 4.10.1

4.10.1.2.1

4.10.1.2.3

4.10.1.2.4

4.10.1.3

4.10.1.3.1

4.10.1.3.3

4.10.1.4

4.10.1.4.1

4.10.1.4.3

24.2 Lifting accessories 4.1.2.3 4.10.1.3.4

4.1.2.4 4.10.2.2

4.1.2.5 4.10.2.2.1

4.1.2.6 4.10.2.2.2

4.3.1 4.10.2.2.3

4.3.2 4.10.3

25 Hazards generated by noise 1.5.8 4.11

26 Hazards generated by lack of warning signs 1.7.2 4.6.1.1.4

3.6.1 4.8

5

27 Hazards due to missing and/or incorrect instructions 1.7.4 4.6.1.3

3.6.3 4.9

4.4 4.12.3

4.13.2

6

EN 474-4:1996

BSI 02-1999 17

Annex C (informative)Illustrations

C.1 Wheel backhoe loader

C.2 Crawler backhoe loader

Figure C.1 Wheel backhoe loader

Figure C.2 Crawler backhoe loader

EN 474-4:1996

18 BSI 02-1999

C.3 Derivated use (examples)Wheel backhoe loader with an alternative attachment, which does not change the safety requirements of the backhoe loader but modifies the application for use.

Figure C.3 Backhoe loader with pole erecting attachment

Figure C.4 Backhoe loader with earth drill

BS EN 474-4:1996

BSI 02-1999

List of references

See national foreword.

BSI389 Chiswick High RoadLondonW4 4AL

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