bs. in p&o india. syllabus 2010

8/18/2019 Bs. in P&O India. Syllabus 2010

1/58

BACHELOR IN PROSTHETICS AND ORTHOTICS (BPO)

Curriculum & Guidelines

REHABILITATION COUNCIL OF INDIA

B-22 Qutub Institutional Area

New Delhi !!"

2!!

RCI#s B$O Re%ise& Curri'ulu() 2!!


2/58

SYLLABUS OR DEGREE COURSE IN PROSTHETICS AND ORTHOTICS

*Ba'helor in $rostheti's an& Orthoti's + B$O,

!" INTRODUCTION

Rehabilitation o .ersons with lo'o(otor &isabilities or neuro(us'ular &isor&er is a tea(

wor/) where Centre o attention is the .erson with &isabilities0 The tea( usuall1

'o(.rises o the $h1si'al (e&i'ine an& Rehabilitation .e'ialist *$h1siatrist, who is

usuall1 the lea&er) $rosthetist an& Orthotist) $h1siothera.ist) O''u.ational thera.ist)

o'ial wor/er an& Rehabilitation Nurse0 De.en&in3 u.on the nee&) other .roessionals

li/e Ortho.e&i' ur3eons) en3ineer) .s1'holo3ist) 3eriatrist an& other relate&

.roessionals are also in'lu&e& in the tea(0

4eneral .lannin3 o the total rehabilitation o the &isable& is usuall1 &one b1 the

$h1siatrist0 The role o $rosthetist an& Orthotist is i(.ortant0 It is she5he) who abri'atesan& its the .rosthesis or orthosis to the .ersons with &isabilities both te(.orar1 an&

.er(anent oten reerre& as 6$atient7 an& thus hel.s (a/e the .atient in&e.en&ent)

'oni&ent an& useul (e(ber o the so'iet10

#" PROESSIONAL PROILE O PROSTHETICS & ORTHOTICS

GRADUATE OR PROSTHETIST$ORTHOTIST

The ollowin3 .roessional .roile has its basis in the Re.ort o the Unite Nations Inter-

Re3ional e(inar on tan&ar&s or the Trainin3 o $rosthetist *UN) 8"9, the so 'alle&

Holte Re.ort0 It has (oreo%er been (o&iie& to 'o(.l1 with 4ui&elines or Trainin3 o

$ersonnel in De%elo.in3 Countries or $rostheti's : Orthoti's er%i'es *;HO) 88!,0 Itwas u.&ate& at the ;HO5I$O Consultation or Trainin3 $ersonnel in De%elo.in3

Countries or $rostheti's an& Orthoti's er%i'es *2!! an& in the &esi3nin3 o the $rostheti's5Orthoti's &e%i'e) in'lu&in3 the

so'/et or bo&15&e%i'e intera'e) sus.ension an& sele'tion o .ro.er 'o(.onents0

9 Re'or&s an& re.orts an1 .ertinent inor(ation re3ar&in3 .atient an& .atient#s

a(ilies) in'lu&in3 a &eter(ination o e?.e'tations an& nee&s re3ar&in3 $rostheti'

an& Orthoti' ai&s

9 Co((uni'ates a..ro.riate inor(ation to the .atients an& their a(ilies0

9 Ensure the ull in'lusion o the .atient or 'usto(er in the treat(ent) .lannin3 an&

&e'ision (a/in30

RCI#s B$O Re%ise& Curri'ulu() 2!! 2


3/58

#"!"#" i**in- %nd '%,ric%*in

9 For(ulates $rostheti's or Orthoti's &esi3ns in'lu&in3 sele'tion o (aterials)

'o(.onents an& a&&itional ai&s0

9 Ta/es all 'asts an& (easure(ents that are ne'essar1 or .ro.er abri'ation an&

ittin309 @o&iies .ositi%e an&5or ne3ati%e (o&els an&5or la1out o &esi3n to obtain

o.ti(al it an& ali3n(ent0

9 Carries out ittin3) stati' an& &1na(i' ali3n(ent an&) where a..ro.riate) .reli(inar1 trainin3 an& initial 'he'/-out0

9 $eror(s an&5or su.er%ises abri'ation o .rosthesis an& orthosis

#"!"." E/%lu%*in %nd 'll0u

9 $arti'i.ate in inal 'he'/-out an& e%aluation o it) un'tion an& 'os(oses0

9 Instru't the .atient or a(il1 in the use an& 'are o the &e%i'e0

9 Ta/es .art in ollow-u. .ro'e&ures as well as (aintenan'e) re.airs an&re.la'e(ent o the a..lian'e0

9 Re'o3nies the nee& to re.eat an1 o the i&entiie& ste.s in or&er to o.ti(ie itan& un'tion an& alters a''or&in3l10

9 Collaborates an& 'onsults with other rehabilitation tea(

#"# 1%n%-emen* %nd suer/isin

9 u.er%ise the a'ti%it1 o su..ortin3 sta as a..ro.riate0

9 @ana3es $rostheti's an& Orthoti's wor/sho. a'ti%ities assi3ne& to hi(5her)in'lu&in3

use an& (aintenan'e o tools an& eui.(ent

@aintenan'e o sae wor/in3 en%iron(ent an& .ro'e&ures

In%entor1 an& sto'/ 'ontrol

$ersonnel (atters

Finan'ial (atters

A..ro.riate re'or& /ee.in3

Total ualit1 (ana3e(ent

9 I&entiies an& intro&u'es i(.ro%e& ob (etho&s or in'reasin3 ei'ien'1

9 Intera'ts with .roessional 3rou.s an&) where a..ro.riate) 4o%ern(ental

an& non-3o%ern(ental or3aniations0

#"." Tr%inin- %nd educ%*in

9 u.er%ises an& 'on&u'ts the e&u'ation an& trainin3 o $rostheti's :

Orthoti's stu&ents0



4/58

9 Le'tures an& &e(onstrates to 'ollea3ues in his5her .roession an& other

.roessionals 'on'erne& with $rostheti'5Orthoti's an& also to other intereste&

3rou.s0

9 To ta/e .art in an& 'ontribute to the .ro'ess o 'ontinuin3 .roessional

&e%elo.(ent

9 ee.s u.to &ate new &e%elo.(ent in .rostheti's an& orthtoi's an& tea'hin3te'hniues

#"2" T '%cili*%*e CBR r3ers + * %ssis* P&O r'essin%ls in need

9 To (a/e .eo.le aware an& es.e'iall1 .ersons with &isabilities an& the a(il1

(e(bers) about the nee& or an& beneit o 3oo& ualit1 $rostheti's : Orthoti's

ser%i'e0

#"4" Cmmuni*5 Ser/ices

9 @a/es a .roessional 'ontribution to an& ta/e .art in 'o((unit1 rehabilitation .ro3ra((es0

#"6" Rese%rc+ %nd De/elmen*

9 Con&u'ts 'ontinuin3 e%aluation o his5her a'ti%ities0

9 De%elo.s an& a'ti%el1 .arti'i.ates in or(al e%aluation an& resear'h .ro3ra((es0

9 $arti'i.ates in s'ientii'5.roessional (eetin3s an& 'ontributes .a.ers to

s'ientii'5.roessional ournals0

9 Use out'o(e (easures to re%iew treat(ent .ro'e&ures to &eter(ine best .ra'ti'e

#"7" Le-%l %nd E*+ic%l Re8uiremen*

9 $ro%i&e .atient 'are) whi'h 'o(.lies with (e&i'al5le3al reuire(ents0

9 $ro%i&e .atient 'are within a re'o3nie& $rostheti's5Orthoti's 'o&e o ethi's0

." Le%rnin- ,9ec*i/e ' curse

Learnin3 obe'ti%es ha%e been (a&e to rele't the ne'essar1 le%el o learnin3 or

the stu&ents within ea'h o the sube't areas .resente& in this 'urri'ulu(0

It shoul& also be note& that the 'ourse whi'h en'o(.asses these learnin3

obe'ti%es will nor(all1 be 'o%ere& in our 1ears ull ti(e &uration0 This .ro%i&es

3ui&an'e as to the e?.e'te& le%el o the 'ourse0

0 Anato(1

20 $h1siolo31


5/58

90 Orthoti's 'ien'e

80 $atholo31

!0 Ortho.e&i's an& A(.utation ur3er1

0 $h1si'al (e&i'ine an& Rehabilitation

20 Fun&a(entals o Ele'tri'it1 an& Ele'troni's

• E?.lain an& 3i%e e?a(.les o basi' tissues) their .ro.erties an& stru'ture>• Co(.are an& 'ontrast the stru'ture an& .ro.erties o biolo3i'al substan'es *ie

bloo&) l1(.hati' lui&s) seru(,>

• Des'ribe .arts an& or3ans o the bo&1 b1 s1ste(s0



6/58

.". 1%*eri%ls %nd ;r3s+ Tec+nl-5

Curse Descri*in:

tu&ents woul& ha%e 'o(.eten'e in .ra'ti'in3 ee'ti%el1 an& sael1 within a

wor/sho. en%iron(ent0

T+e s*uden* s+uld ,e %,le * mee* *+e 'llin- le%rnin- ,9ec*i/es:

• E?.lain the i(.ortant .ro.erties o %arious t1.es o (aterials (etals) 'era(i's)

.ol1(ers) an& 'o(.osites0

• Des'ribe the relationshi.s that e?ist between the stru'tural ele(ents o these(aterials an& their 'hara'teristi's0

• E?.lain (e'hani'al an& ailure beha%iour o these (aterials) alon3 with te'hniuesuse& to i(.ro%e the (e'hani'al an& ailure .ro.erties in ter(s o alteration o stru'tural ele(ents0

• Des'ribe the basis or the sele'tion o &ierent (aterials or s.e'ii' .rostheti' an&orthoti' a..li'ations0

• De(onstrate /nowle&3e o to?i'it1 an& saet1 issues asso'iate& with the use o s.e'ii' (aterials0

• Be a(iliar with the o''u.ational health an& saet1 .oli'1 an& .ro'e&ures in thewor/.la'e0

• De(onstrate .roi'ien'1 in the use o han& tools an& (a'hine tools 'o((onl1 use&in the abri'ation o ortho.ae&i' &e%i'es0

."2 Alied 1ec+%nics & S*ren-*+ ' 1%*eri%ls


• De(onstrate an abilit1 to utilie a..ro.riate ter(inolo31 an& units to &es'ribe

(e'hani'al .rin'i.les0

• Deri%e ree bo&1 &ia3ra(s in or&er to &es'ribe 'lini'al .roble(s an& 3eneratetreat(ent solutions0

• A..l1 the (e'hani'al .rin'i.les o stati's an& &1na(i's to uanti1 an& e?.lainlinear an& an3ular (otion o the hu(an bo&1

• A..l1 the 'on'e.ts o stress an& strain in the anal1sis o basi' stru'turalele(ents0

• Deter(ine an& &raw &ia3ra(s or internal or'es an& ben&in3 (o(ents *a?ialor'es) shear or'es) (o(ents an& torues, in a stru'tural (e(ber0

• E?.lain the .rin'i.les o 'o(.osition an& resolution o or'es an& use these .rin'i.les to sol%e 'lini'al .roble(s

• Dis'uss the 'on'e.ts o wor/ ener31 an& .ower

• E?.lain the .rin'i.les o lui& (e'hani's an& &es'ribe how the .rin'i.les 'an bea..lie& in 'lini'al situations0

• E?.lain (e'hanis(s un&erl1in3 ailure o stru'tures un&er &eor(ation0

RCI#s B$O Re%ise& Curri'ulu() 2!! "


7/58

."4 En-ineerin- Dr%in-

Curse Descri*in:

The 'ourse is &esi3ne& to assist the stu&ents to a'uire an intro&u'tion to 'on'e.ts o&rawin3 instru(ents an& their uses) 3eneral .rin'i.les an& the basi' ele(ents o te'hni'al

&rawin30


• Des'ribe about the &rawin3 instru(ents an& their uses

• Des'ribe the 3eneral .rin'i.les o &rawin3 an& te'hni'al &rawin3• To &raw iso(etri' s/et'hin3 an&


8/58

."7 Prs*+e*ic Science

i" T+er5:

Curse Descri*in:

This sube't is &eli%ere& in a 'oor&inate& (anner with the $ra'ti'al .art o the $rostheti'

'ien'e 'ourse0 The stu&ent will be reuire& to a'uire an& 'o(.rehen& the ne'essar1

theoreti'al /nowle&3e an& to be able to inte3rate this ee'ti%el1 in 'lini'al .ra'ti'e0


• Co(.are an& 'ontrast strate3ies or 'lini'al assess(ent o .atients an&

&es'ribe a..ro.riate in%esti3ati%e te'hniues in'lu&in3 .atient histor1 ta/in3

an& .h1si'al e?a(ination0

• Re'o3nie an& &es'ribe the si3ns an& s1(.to(s o the (ost 'o((on

.atholo3ies whi'h reuire .rostheti' solutions in'lu&in3) etiolo31) 'lini'al .resentation) .ro3nosis an& a..ro.riate &e%i'e (ana3e(ent0

• De(onstrate e(.ath1 between $rostheti's theor1 an& the en%iron(ent inwhi'h the 'lient is situate&0

• Distin3uish between the .h1si'al 'hara'teristi's o the li(bs an& &is'uss therelati%e i(.li'ation or &e%i'e &esi3n0

• Des'ribe an& 'o(.are te(.oros.atial an& /ine(ati' 'hara'teristi's o nor(alan& .atholo3i'al 3ait an& use this inor(ation to usti1 the sele'tion an&&esi3n o a..ro.riate &e%i'es0

• Dis'uss bio(e'hani'al or'e s1ste(s an& use these .rin'i.les in 3eneratin3 ana..ro.riate .rostheti' .res'ri.tion0

• Des'ribe the (e'hani's o (aterials an& be able to a..l1 these 'on'e.ts to the&esi3n an& 'onstru'tion o &e%i'es0

• Co(.are an& 'ontrast the un'tional 'hara'teristi's o .rostheti' 'o(.onents0

• For(ulate a..ro.riate .rostheti' an& orthoti' .res'ri.tions or wi&e ran3e'lini'al situations0

• Un&erstan& an& &es'ribe the roles o /e1 (e(bers o the rehabilitation tea(an& i&enti1 how the1 interrelate with the .rosthetist0

ii" Pr%c*ic%l:

Curse Descri*in:

This shoul& in'lu&e the su.er%ise& (anua'ture an& ittin3 o all 'o((on &e%i'es an& at

least e?.osure to the ran3e o &e%i'es not routinel1 seen in 'lini'al .ra'ti'e0


• Assess the (e&i'al 'on&ition o a .atient relate& to their orthoti' or .rostheti'

(ana3e(ent usin3 a..ro.riate in%esti3ati%e te'hniues whi'h in'lu&e .atient

histor1 ta/in3 an& 'lini'al testin30

• For(ulate an o.ti(al .rostheti' solution usin3 inor(ation ro( the .atient

assess(ent) other (e(bers o the rehabilitation tea() (e&i'al 'harts) et'0



9/58

• Co((uni'ate an& &is'uss .atient 3oals an& e?.e'tations an& &is'uss an&

&ebate the .rostheti' (ana3e(ent with the .atient) 'o-wor/ers an& other

(e(bers o the rehabilitation tea(0

• Reliabl1 (easure an& 'a.ture a .ositi%e 'ast or i(a3e o 'lients# a..en&a3ewhile 'orre'tl1 .ositionin3 the bo&1 .art an& i a..ro.riate a..l1 the

ne'essar1 'orre'ti%e or'e s1ste(0• I&enti1) .res'ribe an& usti1 sele'tion o a..ro.riate (aterials an&

'o(.onentr1 in the 'onstru'tion o the &e%i'e0

• Constru't the &e%i'e usin3 a..ro.riate abri'ation te'hniues in .re.arationor the initial ittin30

• Fit the &e%i'e to the .atient usin3 stati' an& &1na(i' un'tional 'riteriaestablishe& ro( the ori3inal assess(ent0

• E%aluate the ualit1 o the &e%i'e it to ensure the a..ro.riate intera'e'ontourin3) or'e a..li'ation an& tri(lines0

• I&enti1 .roble(s relate& to &e%i'e it an&5or ali3n(ent an& be able to su33estan& i(.le(ent a..ro.riate 'orre'tion0

• Assess an& sol%e .rostheti' .roble(s as .art o lon3 ter( .atient 'are0• @aintain a''urate re'or&s o .atient treat(ent an& ollow u. as well as

'oni&entialit1 o su'h inor(ation0

• Co((uni'ate ee'ti%el1 with .atient) 'o-wor/ers) an& other health 'are .roessionals in su'h a (anner that will ensure the hi3hest ualit1 o ser%i'ean& rele't a .roessional attitu&e on the .art o the stu&ent0

• E&u'ate the 'lient an&5or 'are3i%er on use) 'are an& un'tion o the &e%i'e0

• Un&erstan& the (etho&olo31 o .roble( i&entii'ation) .roble( sol%in3 in a .ro'ess that in'lu&es all sta/e hol&ers) with the 'lient at the 'entre0

."< ORTHOTIC SCIENCE

i" T+er5:

Curse Descri*in:

This sube't is &eli%ere& in a 'oor&inate& (anner with the $ra'ti'al .art o the Orthoti'

'ourse0 The stu&ent will be reuire& to a'uire an& 'o(.rehen& the ne'essar1 theoreti'al

/nowle&3e an& to be able to inte3rate this ee'ti%el1 in 'lini'al .ra'ti'e0


• Co(.are an& 'ontrast strate3ies or 'lini'al assess(ent o .atients an& &es'ribe

a..ro.riate in%esti3ati%e te'hniues in'lu&in3 .atient histor1 ta/in3 an&

.h1si'al e?a(ination0

• Re'o3nie an& &es'ribe the si3ns an& s1(.to(s o the (ost 'o((on .atholo3ies whi'h reuire orthoti' solutions in'lu&in3) etiolo31) 'lini'al .resentation) .ro3nosis an& a..ro.riate &e%i'e (ana3e(ent0

• De(onstrate e(.ath1 between Orthoti' theor1 an& the en%iron(ent in whi'hthe 'lient is situate&0

• Distin3uish between the .h1si'al 'hara'teristi's o the li(bs an& &is'uss therelati%e i(.li'ation or &e%i'e &esi3n0



10/58

• Des'ribe an& 'o(.are te(.oros.atial an& /ine(ati's 'hara'teristi's o nor(al

an& .atholo3i'al 3ait an& use this inor(ation to usti1 the sele'tion an& &esi3n

o a..ro.riate &e%i'es0

• Dis'uss bio(e'hani'al or'e s1ste(s an& use these .rin'i.les in 3eneratin3 ana..ro.riate orthoti' .res'ri.tion0

• Des'ribe the (e'hani's o (aterials an& be able to a..l1 these 'on'e.ts to the&esi3n an& 'onstru'tion o &e%i'es0

• Co(.are an& 'ontrast the un'tional 'hara'teristi's o orthoti' 'o(.onents0

• For(ulate a..ro.riate orthoti' .res'ri.tions or wi&e ran3e 'lini'al situations0• Un&erstan& an& &es'ribe the roles o /e1 (e(bers o the rehabilitation tea( an&

i&enti1 how the1 interrelate with the orthotist0

ii" Pr%c*ic%l

Curse Descri*in:

This shoul& in'lu&e the su.er%ise& (anua'ture an& ittin3 o all 'o((on &e%i'esan& at least e?.osure to the ran3e o &e%i'es not routinel1 seen in 'lini'al .ra'ti'e0


• Assess the (e&i'al 'on&ition o a .atient relate& to their orthoti' (ana3e(ent

usin3 a..ro.riate in%esti3ati%e te'hniues whi'h in'lu&e .atient histor1 ta/in3

an& 'lini'al testin30

• For(ulate an o.ti(al orthoti' solution usin3 inor(ation ro( the .atientassess(ent) other (e(bers o the rehabilitation tea() (e&i'al 'harts) et'0

• Co((uni'ate an& &is'uss .atient 3oals an& e?.e'tations an& &is'uss an& &ebate

the orthoti' or .rostheti' (ana3e(ent with the .atient) 'o-wor/ers an& other (e(bers o the rehabilitation tea(0

• Reliabl1 (easure an& 'a.ture a .ositi%e 'ast or i(a3e o 'lients# a..en&a3ewhile 'orre'tl1 .ositionin3 the bo&1 .art an& i a..ro.riate a..l1 the ne'essar1'orre'ti%e or'e s1ste(0

• Create the inal &esi3n o the orthosis throu3h (o&ii'ation o the .ositi%e 'astan&5or tra'in3 o the bo&1 .art or) when in&i'ate&) (easure an& it .reabri'ate&&e%i'es0

• I&enti1) .res'ribe an& usti1 sele'tion o a..ro.riate (aterials an&'o(.onentr1 in the 'onstru'tion o the &e%i'e0

• Constru't the &e%i'e usin3 a..ro.riate abri'ation te'hniues in .re.aration or

the initial ittin30• Fit the &e%i'e to the .atient usin3 stati' an& &1na(i' un'tional 'riteria

establishe& ro( the ori3inal assess(ent0

• E%aluate the ualit1 o the &e%i'e it to ensure the a..ro.riate intera'e'ontourin3) or'e a..li'ation an& tri(lines0

• I&enti1 .roble(s relate& to &e%i'e it an&5or ali3n(ent an& be able to su33estan& i(.le(ent a..ro.riate 'orre'tion0

• Assess an& sol%e orthoti' .roble(s as .art o lon3 ter( .atient 'are0

• @aintain a''urate re'or&s o .atient treat(ent an& ollow u. as well as'oni&entialit1 o su'h inor(ation0

• Co((uni'ate ee'ti%el1 with .atient) 'o-wor/ers) an& other health 'are

RCI#s B$O Re%ise& Curri'ulu() 2!! !


11/58

.roessionals in su'h a (anner that will ensure the hi3hest ualit1 o ser%i'e an&

rele't a .roessional attitu&e on the .art o the stu&ent0

• E&u'ate the 'lient an&5or 'are3i%er on use) 'are an& un'tion o the &e%i'e0

• Un&erstan& the (etho&olo31 o .roble( i&entii'ation) .roble( sol%in3 in a .ro'ess that in'lu&es all sta/e hol&ers) with the 'lient at the 'entre0

."= P%*+l-5

Curse Descri*in:

The stu&ent shoul& be able to &es'ribe an& 'ontrast the etiolo31 an& .ro3ression o

&iseases an& to i&enti1 earl1 si3ns an& s1(.to(s o 'on&itions that are 'o((onl1

en'ountere& b1 .rosthetists5orthotists0 In a&&ition) s5he shoul& be able to a&%ise on 'are

an& a..ro.riate treat(ent o.tions0

T+e s*uden* s+uld ,e %,le * mee* *+e 'llin- le%rnin- ,9ec*i/es"

• Des'ribe the basi' .atholo3i'al .ro'esses that un&erlie &isease *e3 'ell

inur1 an& ne'rosis) inla((ation an& healin3) is'he(ia) inar'tion an&

neo.lasia,>

• A..l1 /nowle&3e o basi' .atholo3i'al .ro'esses to e?.lain the etiolo31) .atho3enesis) stru'tural an& un'tional (aniestations o &iseases 'o((onl1en'ountere& in 'lini'al .ra'ti'e) in'lu&in3 rele%ant 'on&itions ae'tin3lo'o(otion an& bo&1 s1ste(s *(us'ulos/eletal s1ste( an& ner%ous s1ste()%as'ular s1ste(,0

."!> Or*+edics %nd Amu*%*in Sur-er5

Curse Descri*in:

In this unit the stu&ents learns about the %arious ortho.e&i' 'on&itions in &etail with

re%iew o the &isablin3 'on&itions0 It also 'o%ers the %arious 'o((on sur3i'al te'hniues

an& its inluen'es in the orthoti's an& .rostheti's it an& &esi3n0


• Ha%e an un&erstan&in3 o &ierent 'lini'al 'on&itions that (a1 in&ire'tl1

i(.a't on the 'lients# abilit1 to su''essull1 rehabilitate usin3 the &e%i'e0• E?.lain the (ana3e(ent o &ierent &isablin3 'on&itions0

• E?.lain the .rin'i.les o a(.utations an& re%ision a(.utation) t1.es an&te'hniues

• E?.lain the .ost o.erati%e 'are o the stu(. an& stu(. h13iene

• Des'ribe the stu(. &er(atolo31 an& the 'o((on s/in &iseases an&(ana3e(ent0

• Des'ribe an& abri'ate the .ost o.erati%e ittin3 in the lower e?tre(it10

• Des'ribe 'o((on sur3i'al te'hniue an& how the1 (a1 inluen'e .rostheti'san& Orthoti's it an& &esi3n



12/58

."!! P+5sic%l medicine %nd Re+%,ili*%*in

Curse Descri*in:

The 'ourse is &esi3ne& to assist the stu&ents to &e%elo. un&erstan&in3 o the health

an& so'io-e'ono(i' 'onte?t o .eo.le with &isabilities in the 'o((unit1 an& theirrole an& the role o CBR an& intro&u'e &ierent (e(bers o the 'lini' tea( an&

theoreti'al .rin'i.les o rehabilitation0

T+e s*uden* s+uld ,e %,le * mee* *+e 'llin- le%rnin- ,9ec*i/es

• Re'o3nise (e(bers o the 'lini' tea( an& i&enti1 beneits asso'iate& with a

tea( a..roa'h

• Des'ribe an& &is'uss theoreti'al .rin'i.les o rehabilitation>

• Des'ribe theories relate& to the .s1'holo31 o loss an& &isabilit1>• Dis'uss the so'ial 'auses o &isabilit1 in In&ia an& the lin/ between .o%ert1

an& &isabilit10• Rele't an& anal1se on their attitu&e5%alues an& attitu&es towar&s .ersons with

&isabilities) their a(ilies an& the 'o((unit1 *o'io-'ultural an& reli3ious,

• E?.lain the UN 'on%ention ri3hts an& role as .rosthetist an& orthotist

• E?.lain the &ierent a..roa'hes to rehabilitation0

• E?.lain &ierent 'o(.onent o CBR an& the 3ui&in3 .rin'i.les o CBR i(.le(entation0

• E?.lain $ : O role in a CBR .ro3ra((e

."!# und%men*%ls ' Elec*rici*5 %nd Elec*rnics

Curse Descri*in:

The stu&ent will ha%e /nowle&3e o basi' .rin'i.les o ele'tri'it1 an& ele'troni's with

.arti'ular reeren'e to a..li'ations in .rostheti's) orthoti's an& wor/sho. .ra'ti'e0


• E?.lain basi' 'on'e.t o ele'tri'it1 an& ele'troni's 'o%erin3 ollowin3

DC 'ir'uits) in&u'tan'e an& 'a.a'itan'e) AC 'ir'uits) .ower) su..lies) a(.liiers)

ee&ba'/) intereren'e ree'tion te'hniues) (1oele'tro&es an& bioele'tri'ti1

• E?.lain eele'troni's (easurin3 s1ste(

• E?.lain saet1 .ra'ti'e o ele'tri'it1

."!. Cmu*er Science

Curse descri*in

tu&ent will a'uire 'o(.uter /nowle&3e to &esi3n the .rostheti's an& orthoti's

'o(.onents an& a..l1 in resear'h an& &e%elo.(ent in .rostheti's an& orthoti's iel&0



13/58


• Des'ribe the a&%an'e& a..li'ation o 'o(.uter in .rostheti's an& orthoti's iel&0

• Desi3n %arious 'o(.onents or .rostheti's an& orthoti's use0

• @a/e use o 'o(.uter /nowle&3e in the statisti's &ata anal1sis an&&o'u(entation0

• Des'ribe the .rin'i.les o 'o(.uter ai&e& &esi3n*CAD, : 'o(.uter ai&e&(anua'ture*CA@,

."!2 1,ili*5 %nd re+%,ili*%*in Aids

Curse descri*in:

tu&ents woul& learn about the use o %arious t1.es o (obilit1 ai&s reuire& b1 $;Ds

an& relate& anal1sis o the 3ait .attern0


• E?.lain the .res'ri.tion o 'o((onl1 use& (obilit1 ai&s li/e 'rut'hes)

wal/in3 sti'/) an& wal/ers0

• Assess an& .res'ribe the best .ossible (obilit1 solution or a wheel'hair user

• Carr1 out re.air an& (aintenan'e o wheel'hair

• Des'ribe the 'orre't use o the wheel'hairs) transers an&%arious (o&ii'ations o wheel 'hairs

• Train users to (a/e the best use o their wheel'hair0

• Assess) .res'ribe an& abri'ate &ierent t1.es o de%elo.(ental ai&s

• Des'ribe the anal1sis o 3ait with the relate& (obilit1 ai&s0

."!4 Rese%rc+ 1e*+dl-5

Curse descri*in

The stu&ent woul& a'uire the /nowle&3e o the resear'h .roble() &esi3n) a(.lin3)

&ata 'olle'tion) anal1sis o &ata) Testin3 h1.otheses) inter.retation an& re.ort writin3 to

.rostheti's an& Orthoti's


• E?.lain the .ro'ess) t1.es) &esi3n) nee&s) .rin'i.les o resear'h

• For(ulate an a..ro.riate resear'h .lan in or&er to sol%e a 'lini'al .roble(

• E?a(ine the 'on'e.ts o esti(ation an& h1.othesis testin3 with a..li'ationsto .o.ulation .ro.ortions) (eans) %arian'es

• Des'ribe the sa(.lin3) &ata 'olle'tion an& .ro'essin3 o &ata

• E?a(ine the &ata b1 usin3 &ierent (easures• $eror( ee'ti%e &es'ri.ti%e statisti'al anal1sis as well as statisti'al ineren'e

or a %ariet1 o (ainstrea( a..li'ations

• Use a..ro.riate e(.iri'al an& .robabilit1 &istributions to (o&el &ata0



14/58

• Con&u't a basi' resear'h stu&1 in or&er to sol%e a 'lini'al .roble(

."!6 Prs*+e*ics %nd r*+*ics r3s+ m%n%-emen*

Curse descri*in:

tu&ents woul& ha%e an un&erstan&in3 o the .lannin3) 'onstru'tion) hu(an

(ana3e(ent) store (ana3e(ent an& saet1 o the wor/sho.


• E?.lain te'hniues relate& to the &esi3n) .lannin3) 'ontrol an& i(.ro%e(ent

o ser%i'e an& (anua'turin3 o.erations0

• De(onstrate basi' /nowle&3e o inan'ial (ana3e(ent .ra'ti'es su'h as 'ost'al'ulations an& a''ountin3 .ro'esses0

• A&&ress issues relate& to 'lini' (ana3e(ent in'lu&in3) a..oint(ent s1ste(san& re'or& /ee.in30

• Dis'uss the i(.ortan'e o ualit1 'ontrol an& wor/low (ana3e(ent0

• A..l1 a..ro.riate in%entor1 (ana3e(ent .roto'ols

• Un&erstan& an& &is'uss the beneits asso'iate with the use o ualit1 assuran'es1ste(s

• Un&erstan& the or3aniation o the wor/.la'e en%iron(ent0

."!7 Clinic%l Pr%c*ice

Curse descri*in:

The stu&ent will ha%e e?.erien'e in the 'lini'al en%iron(ent o su..l1in3 .rostheses

an& orthoses to .atients un&er3oin3 treat(ent0 This e?.erien'e shoul& 'o%er as wi&e a

ran3e as .ossible but with e(.hasis on the (aor le%els o .ro%ision0


T+e5 ill de/el s3ills in *+e:

• 'o((uni'ation

• assess(ent an& .res'ri.tion>

• 'lini'al .ro%ision o .rostheses an& orthoses>

• (anua'ture o .rostheses an& orthoses>• inter.ersonal relationshi.s>• or3anisation an& (ana3e(ent>

• Clini'al resear'h0

• Contributin3 too an& learnin3 ro( the 'lini' tea(02" CODE O ETHICS

RCI#s B$O Re%ise& Curri'ulu() 2!! =


15/58

An a..ro.riate 'o&e o ethi'al beha%ior is an essential ra(ewor/ or the a'ti%ities o an1

.roessional res.onsible or the treat(ent o .atients0 All $rostheti's : Orthoti's

.roessionals nee& to ollow the 'o&e o ethi's or(ulate& b1 Rehabilitation Coun'il o

In&ia *RCI,0

E*+ic%l cde ' *+e Prs*+e*is*$Or*+*is*

9 He5 he shall obser%e lo1al relations with her5his 'ollea3ues an& with other

(e(bers o the 'lini' tea( without assu(in3 roles outsi&e his5her own

.roession0

9 He5 he shall .ra'ti'e absolute &is'retion re3ar&in3 .ersonal (atters or

/nowle&3e about .atients he5she (i3ht a'uire in her5his .roessional wor/0

9 He5 he li/e all other (e(bers o the 'lini' tea() shoul& su..l1 ser%i'e onl1 as a

(e(ber o that tea( an& res.e't its 'on'lusions0

9 He5 he shall 'ollaborate reel1 in the ne'essar1 e?'han3e o inor(ation between

'ollea3ues an& others in the &ierent but relate& &is'i.lines0

9 He5 he shall stri%e to .eror( to the hi3hest .ossible stan&ar& o his5her

.roessional s/ill0

9 He5 he shall .ro%i&e ser%i'es to .atients5'lients in a .roessional (anner

.ersonal) inan'ial or 'o((er'ial interests shall be se'on&ar10

9 He5 he shall alwa1s honestl1 re.resent hersel5hi(sel as well as his5her ser%i'es

to the .atient an& all other 'on'erne&0

40 COURSE DEISGNATION - BACHELOR IN $ROTHETIC : ORTHOTIC

6" ENTRANCE

A" Can&i&ate who has .asse& !2 in s'ien'e or eui%alent with .h1si's) 'he(istr1

an& biolo315 (athe(ati's with (ini(u( =! in $CB5$C@ will be eli3ible or

a&(ission to this 'ourse0

B" L%*er%l en*r5 'r Dilm% s*uden*s * BPO curse

9 Can&i&ates who ha%e .asse& Di.lo(a in $rostheti's : Orthoti's ro( a

RCI re'o3nie& institute shall be eli3ible or a&(ission &ire'tl1 in <r&

1ear B$O 'ourse0

9 Can&i&ates shoul& ha%e .asse& !2 with PC1$PCB0

9 A&(issions will be on the a%ailabilit1 o the seats in <r&

1ear0

7" DURATION O COURSE



16/58

The total &uration o 'ourse will be o = 1ears0

? T+e **%l 2 5e%rs dur%*in s+uld ,e re'lec*ed in *+e uni/ersi*5 cer*i'ic%*e %nd

m%r3 s+ee*"


17/58

9 In the se'on& 1ear) besi&es re(ainin3 .art o lower li(b $rostheti's an&

Orthoti's) (aor e(.hasis was 3i%en to $atholo31) Ortho.ae&i's :

A(.utation ur3er1) $h1si'al @e&i'ine an& Rehabilitation

9 In thir& 1ear) (aor 'o(.onents woul& be Rehabilitation5 (obilit1

ai&) u..er li(b $rostheti's an& Orthoti's) Resear'h @etho&olo31 besi&es'o(.uter s'ien'e et'0

9 In ourth 1ear (aor o'us is on .inal Orthoti's) $rostheti's an& Orthoti's

(ana3e(ent o bilateral a(.utees es.e'iall1 o hi3her le%el an& other

'o(.li'ate& ones0 Three (onths 'lini'al .ra'ti'e in orthoti's an& three (onths

in .rostheti's has been allotte& besi&es .roe't wor/0

!." SCHEDULE

Total ti(e a%ailable or trainin3 in a 1ear 'oul& be as ollows

Non ;or/in3 &a1s in a 1ear

un&a1s 2 &a1s

atur&a1s *hal &a1, 2" &a1s

u((er Ma'ation

;inter Ma'ation &a1s

$re.arator1 lea%e ! &a1s

4aette holi&a1s G &a1s

E?a(inations ! &a1s

-------------------------------------------------------

Total non-tea'hin3 &a1s - "! &a1s) so) a'tual tea'hin3 &a1s


18/58

!2" SUBECTS HOURS O TEACHING AND DISTRIBUTION O 1ARS

irs* Ye%r:

l0 ube'ts Theor1 $ra'ti'al Total @ar/s @ar/s Total

No0 Hrs Hrs Hrs Theor1 $ra'ti'al @ar/s

0 Anato(1 2! =! "! !! -- !!

20 $h1siolo31 8!

"0 Bio(e'hani's I G! =! ! !! -- !!

G00 J$rostheti's +I 9! "! 2=! !! !! 2!!

90 JOrthoti's-I 9! "! 2=! !! !! 2!!

T*%l 64> 47> !##> > #>> !>>>

+&urs

Secnd Ye%r

l0 ube'ts Theor1 $ra'ti'al Total @ar/s @ar/s Total No0 Hrs Hrs Hrs Theor1 $ra'ti'al @ar/s

0 $atholo31 9! 2! !! !! -- !!

20 Ortho.ae&i's : G! F! 2! !! -- !!A(.utation ur3er1


19/58

T*%l 42> 6 !##> 7>> .>> !>>>

+&urs

T+ird Ye%r

l0 ube'ts Theor1 $ra'ti'al Total @ar/s @ar/s Total No0 Hrs Hrs Hrs Theor1 $ra'ti'al @ar/s

0 Co(.uter 'ien'e "! !! "! !! !! 2!!

20 $ : O ;or/sho. !! ! !! !! -- !!@ana3e(ent

76> !##> 6>> 2>> !>>>

+&urs

ur*+ 5e%r:

l0 ube'ts Theor1 $ra'ti'al Total @ar/s @ar/s Total

No0 Hrs Hrs Hrs Theor1 $ra'ti'al @ar/s

0 J$rostheti's "! 2! 9! !! !! 2!!'ien'e-IM

20 JOrthoti' 'ien'e- "! 2! 9! !! !! 2!!IM

!##> #>> > !>>>

+&urs

? T+er5 & Pr%c*ic%l e%min%*in 'r Prs*+e*ics & Or*+*ics su,9ec* s+uld ,e

cnduc*ed ,5 e%miner 'rm P & O disciline"

!4" INRASTRUCTURAL ACILITIES REUIRE1ENTS

0 Two le'ture halls *To be in'rease& to our ater two 1ears,20 One roo( or 'lini'al (eetin3



20/58


21/58

;heel sie ! in'h ? in'h

=0 Drillin- 1%c+ine (Pill%r) !2 Nos0Drillin3 'a.a'it1 2 (() $illar &ia0 9G ((

@a?i(u( &istan'e s.in&le to table "!! (()Table wor/in3 sura'e &ia0 =!! (( with H$ < .hase (otor0

F0 Benc+ Drillin- 1%c+ine with stan&) Ca.a'it1 P in'h !2 Nos0

"0 S+e%rin- m%c+ine 3ear t1.e Cuttin3 bla&e len3th = in'h !2 Nos0

G0 Indus*ri%l Sein- 1%c+ine with H$ (otor != Nos0

90 Ad9us*%,le Circul%r S% &ia097) ;or/in3 table sie 2=7?


22/58



23/58

2= Disc s% m%c+ine !0 H$ I .hase (otor !2 Nos0

20 H* ;%*er /en or low te(.erature ther(o.lasti' sheet !2 Nos02"0 Bel* %nd Disc s%nder Dis' &ia0 ! in'hes belt sie "?=9 in'hes !2 Nos0

with !0 H$

2G ;&r3 s*%*i&ns ( # &r3 ,enc+es) i*+ # inc+es &&den *%,le *& nos

!7" STA REUIRE1ENT

l0 No0 Core Fa'ult1 Colu(n-I Colu(n-II Colu(n-III

>!0#> se%*s #!0.> se%*s .!02> se%*s

0 $roessor : Hea& >! >! >!o $rostheti's : Orthoti's

De.art(ent

20 Assistant $roessors in ># >. >2$rostheti's : Orthoti's

2 >6 ><Orthoti's

=0 De(onstrators $rostheti' : >< !# !6Orthoti'

0 Instru'tors in ur3i'al ># >. >2hoes : Leather ;or/s

!


24/58

OR

Ba'helor in $rostheti's an&

Orthoti's, with ! 1ears tea'hin3

e?.erien'e0

$rostheti's : e?.erien'e Leather ;or/ 1ears e?.erien'e in Orthoti's :


25/58

0 A..lie& @e'hani's : tren3th o @aterial

"0 ;or/sho. te'hnolo31

G0 @aterial 'ien'e

90 $atholo31

80 Ortho.e&i's : A(.utation ur3er1

!0 Bio-@e'hani's

0 Fun&a(entals o Ele'tri'it1 : Ele'troni's

20 $h1si'al @e&i'ine : Rehabilitation


26/58

#>" SYLLABUS ' BACHELOR IN PROSTHETICS & ORTHOTICS

IRST YEAR

!" ANATO1Y

His*l-5: 4eneral Histolo31) stu&1 o the basi' tissues o the bo&1>

@i'ros'o.e) Cell) E.itheliu() Conne'ti%e Tissue) Cartila3e) Bone) @us'ular tissue)

Ner%e

Em,r5l-5:

De%elo.(ent o bones) a?ial an& a..en&i'ular s/eleton an& (us'les

Re3ional anato(1

T+r%:

%) C%rdi F%scul%r S5s*em

• @e&iastinu( Di%isions an& 'ontents

• $eri'ar&iu( Thora'i' ;all .osition) sha.e an& .arts o the heart> 'on&u'tin3

1ste(> bloo& u..l1 an& ner%e su..l1 o the heart

,) Resir%*r5 s5s*em

•Outline o res.irator1 .assa3es

• $leura an& lun3s .osition) .arts) relations) bloo& su..l1 an& ner%e su..l1

• Dia.hra3( Ori3in) insertion) ner%e su..l1 an& a'tion) o.enin3s in the

&ia.hra3(0

• Inter'ostal (us'les an& A''essor1 (us'les o res.iration Ori3in) insertion) ner%e

su..l1 an& a'tion0

c) A,dmen:

• $eritoneu( $arietal .eritoneu() %is'eral .eritoneu() un'tions o .eritoneu(0

• Lo'ation) sie) sha.e) eatures) bloo& su..l1) ner%e su..l1 an& un'tions o the

ollowin3sto(a'h) li%er) s.leen) .an'reas) /i&ne1) urinar1 bla&&er) intestines)3all bla&&er0

d) 1uscul S3ele*%l An%*m5

• Anato(i'al .ositions o bo&1) a?es) .lanes) 'o((on anato(i'al ter(inolo3ies

• Conne'ti%e tissue 'lassii'ation

• Bones- Co(.osition : un'tions) 'lassii'ation an& t1.es a''or&in3 to

(or.holo31 an& &e%elo.(ent

• oints-&einition-'lassii'ation) stru'ture o ibrous) 'artila3inous oints) bloo&

su..l1 an& ner%e su..l1 o oints



27/58

Uer E*remi*5 :

%) Os*el-5 Cla%i'les) 'a.ula) Hu(erus) Ra&ius) Ulna) Car.als) @eta'ar.als)

$halan3es0

,) S'* %r*s: .e'toral re3ion) a?illa) 'ubital ossa) .al() &orsu( o han&) (us'les)ner%es) bloo& %essels0

c )in*s houl&er 3ir&le) shoul&er oint) elbow oints) ra&io ulnar oint) wrist oint an&

oints o the han&0

&,0 Ar'hes o han&) s/in o the .al( an& &orsu( o han&0

Ler E*remi*5:

%) Os*el-5 : Hi. bone) e(ur) tibia) ibula) .atella) tarsals) (etartarsals an& .halan3es0

,) S'* %r*s: 4luteal re3ion) ront an& ba'/ o the thi3h *Fe(oral trian3le) e(oral 'anal

an& in3uinal 'anal,) (e&ial si&e o the thi3h *A&&u'tor 'anal,) lateral si&e o the thi3h)

.o.liteal ossa) anterior an& .osterior 'o(.art(ent o le3) sole o the oot) l1(.hati'

&raina3e o lower li(b) %enous &raina3e o the lower li(b) arterialsu..l1 o the lower

li(b) ar'hes o oot) s/in o oot0

c) in*s: Hi. oint) nee oint) An/le oint) oints o the oot0

Trun3 & Pel/is:

%)Os*el-5: Cer%i'al) thora'i') lu(bar) sa'ral an& 'o''13eal %ertebrae an& ribs

,) S'* *issue: $re an& $ara %ertebral (us'les) inter'ostals (us'les) anterior

ab&o(inal wall (us'les) Inter-%ertebral &is'0

c) $el%i' 3ir&le an& (us'les o the .el%i' loor

He%d %nd Nec3:

Osteolo31 @an&ible an& bones o the s/ull

A..lie& Anato(1 ura'e anato(1) lo'o(otion an& (o%e(ents0 Anthro.o(etr10

An%*m5 Pr%c*ic%l:

De(onstration o %arious tissues an& 'ells an& Disse'tion - De(onstration o Lower

li(bs) u..er li(bs) s.ine) sura'e anato(1 an& (ar/in30

#" PHYSIOLOGY

Gener%l P+5sil-5

RCI#s B$O Re%ise& Curri'ulu() 2!! 2"


28/58

• Cell Or3anelles their stru'ture an& un'tions

• Trans.ort @e'hanis(s a'ross the 'ell (e(brane

• Bo&1 lui&s Distribution) 'o(.osition0

Bld

• Intro&u'tion Co(.osition an& un'tions o bloo&0

• $las(a Co(.osition) un'tions0 $las(a .roteins0

• RBC 'ount an& its %ariations) Hae(o3lobin - Ane(ia0 Bloo& in&i'es) $CM)ER0

• ;BC Classii'ation0 un'tions) 'ount) its %ariation o ea'h0 I((unit1

• $latelets) un'tions) 'ount) its %ariations• Bloo& 'oa3ulation0 * brie,

• L1(.h Co(.osition) an& un'tions0

Ner/e 1uscle P+5sil-5

• Intro&u'tion Restin3 (e(brane .otential0 A'tion .otential

• Ner%e tru'ture an& un'tions o neurons0 $ro.erties an& i(.ulse trans(ission o ner%e ibres0

• Neuro3lia T1.es an& un'tions0

• @us'le Classii'ation0 /eletal (us'le tru'ture0 Neuro(us'ular un'tion) @otor Unit

• Fati3ue0

C%rdi/%scul%r S5s*em

• Intro&u'tion $h1siolo3i'al anato(1 an& ner%e su..l1 o the heart an& bloo& %essels0

• Con&u'tin3 s1ste( Co(.onents0 I(.ulse 'on&u'tion Car&ia' C1'le Deinition0

$hases o 'ar&ia' '1'le0 $ressure an& %olu(e 'ur%es00 EC4 Deinition0

• Car&ia' Out.ut Deinition0

• Fun'tional anato(1 o %as'ular an& l1(.hati' s1ste(• Arterial Bloo& $ressure Deinition0 Nor(al %alues an& its %ariations

• H1.ertension

Resir%*r5 S5s*em

• Intro&u'tion $h1siolo3i'al anato(1 + $leura) tra'heo-bron'hial tree) al%eolus)res.irator1 (e(brane an& their ner%e su..l10 Fun'tions o res.irator1 s1ste(0

Res.irator1 (us'les0

• @e'hani's o breathin3 + Ins.iration> E?.iration> Intra.leural .ressure) Re'oilten&en'1 an& lun3 %olu(es

• H1.o?ia

• Disor&ers o Res.iration D1s.noea0 Ortho.noea0 H1.er.noea) h1.er%entilation)a.noea) ta'h1.noea &eine

Ner/us S5s*em

RCI#s B$O Re%ise& Curri'ulu() 2!! 2G


29/58

• Intro&u'tion Or3aniation o CN + 'entral an& .eri.heral ner%ous s1ste(0 Fun'tions

o ner%ous s1ste(0

• 1na.se Fun'tional anato(1) 'lassii'ation) 1na.ti' trans(ission0

• ensor1 @e'hanis( ensor1 re'e.tors un'tion) 'lassii'ation an& .ro.erties0

• ensor1 .athwa1 The as'en&in3 tra'ts + $osterior 'olu(n tra'ts) lateral s.inothala(i'

tra't an& the anterior s.inothala(i' tra't + their ori3in) 'ourse) ter(ination an& un'tions0

• $ain sensation (e'hanis( o .ain0 Cutaneous .ain +slow an& ast .ain) h1.eral3esia0

Dee. .ain0 Mis'eral .ain + reerre& .ain0

• ensor1 'orte?0 o(ati' sensations 'ru&e tou'h) ine tou'h) ta'tile lo'aliation) ta'tile

&is'ri(ination) stereo3nosis) %ibration sense) /inestheti' sensations

• @otor @e'hanis( @otor Corte?0 @otor .athwa1 The &es'en&in3 tra'ts + .1ra(i&altra'ts) e?tra.1ra(i&al tra'ts + ori3in) 'ourse) ter(ination an& un'tions0

• Rele? A'tion @onos1na.ti' an& .ol1s1na.ti' rele?es) su.eri'ial rele?es) &ee.

rele?es0 @us'le tone +&einition) an& .ro.erties h1.otonia) atonia an& h1.ertonia0

U@NL an& L@NL

• .inal 'or& Lesions Co(.lete transe'tion an& He(ise'tion o the s.inal 'or&0

• Cerebellu( Fun'tions

• $osture an& Euilibriu(

• Thala(us an& H1.othala(us Nu'lei0 Fun'tions0• Basal 4an3lia tru'tures) un'tions0

• Cerebral Corte? Lobes0 Bro&(ann#s areas an& their un'tions0 Hi3her un'tions o 'erebral 'orte? + learnin3) (e(or1 an& s.ee'h0

idne5 %nd mic*uri*in

• Intro&u'tion an& un'tional anato(1 o /i&ne1) inner%ation) renal 'ir'ulation an& 'are

o an1 a..lian'es ittin3 ir &1sun'tion0

• @i'turition + $h1siolo3i'al anato(1 an& ner%ous 'onne'tion o the bla&&er)'1sto(etro3ra( (i'turiton rele?0

In*e-umen*%r5 s5s*em tru'ture o s/in) un'tion o s/in $rote'tion) heat re3ulation)

sensation an& elasti'it10

Endcrinl-5

En&o'rine $an'reas e'retor1 'ells) a'tion) re3ulation o se'retion o insulin an&

3lu'a3on0 4lu'ose (etabolis( an& its re3ulation0 Disor&er Diabetes (ellitus0



30/58

Nu*ri*in & 1e*%,lism

• An Intro&u'tion to Nutrition an& @etabolis(

• Fa'tors inluen'in3 ener31 e?.en&iture

Pr%c*ic%l:

!" Clini'al e?a(ination o ner%ous s1ste(0

#" Clini'al e?a(ination o sensor1 s1ste(0

." To stu&1 the .heno(enon o ati3ue in hu(an b1 D1na(o(eter

N*e: 'r %,/e r%c*ic%l +5sil-5 r%c*ic%l m%nu%l 'r B"Sc" Hns" OT PT

B"Sc" Nursin- %nd %llied sciences Edi*in 'irs* rerin* #>>6 ,5 CBS u,lis+ers

Au*+r: R%9 %r

." 1ATERIAL AND ;ORSHOP TECHNOLOGY

1ATERIAL SCIENCE

1e*%l & All5s: Fun&a(entals o (etals an& allo1s both errous an& nonerrous0

$ro.erties) testin3 an& ins.e'tion o (etals an& allo1s) heat treat(ent o (etals0

$ow&er (etallur31) sura'e 'oatin3 o (etals0

;d: ;oo&) t1.es) seasonin3) .reser%ation) la(ination .ro.erties an& a&hesi%es or

woo&0 ;oo& wor/ Intro&u'tion to ;oo&) woo& wor/ an& woo& wor/in3 tools0 $attern

(a/in3 an& (a/in3 o %arious /in&s o oints0

Le%*+er: Leather) t1.es) tannin3) .reser%ation) la(ination) .ro.erties an& a&hesi%es or

leather0

%,ric: Fabri' t1.es) .ro.erties) utiliation) sele'tion an& ualit1 'ontrol0 $ol1(ers :

'o(.osite (aterials Intro&u'tion to $lasti's) t1.e o .lasti's an& (ole'ular stru'tures0

Relationshi. o .ro.erties to stru'tures0 @ono(ers) $ol1(ers) a&&iti%es) @e'hani'al

.ro.erties) ee't on .ro.erties o (etho& o .ro&u'tion0

Fabri'ation .ro'esses) Ee'ts o abri'ation) .ro'ess) (i'ro stru'tural 'han3es) shrin/a3e

an& other &e3ra&ation &urin3 .ro'essin3) en%iron(ental ee'ts0 Ther(oor(in3 .lasti's)

their abri'ation .ro'ess) ther(osettin3 .lasti's an& abri'ation .ro'ess Co(.osite(aterials an& their uses-Resin A'ral1i' An& $ol1ster0 Elasto(ers) H0D0$0E0 $$) $$-C$)

Misoelasti' beha%iour o .lasti's0 Intro&u'tion to iber reinor'e& .lasti's0 Intro&u'tion to

an& their .ro'essin3 es.e'iall1 %arious te'hniues o (oul&in3 an& la(ination0 oinin3 o

.lasti's) wel&in3) a&hesi%es an& their ee't on stru'ture an& .lasti's .ro.erties0

%ms: Dierent t1.es o oa(s use& in $:O es.e'iall1 Late?) $ol1urethane)

.ol1eth1lene an& other /in& o ri3i&5se(i ri3i&5 le?ible oa(s0

$laster o $aris : ili'on an& its a..li'ation .ro'e&ure in $rostheti' : Orthoti'

te'hniues

;ORSHOP TECHNOLOGY



31/58

Gener%l: Intro&u'tion to ben'h wor/) han& tools) (easurin3 tools an& instru(ents0

Eui.(ent or (ass .ro&u'tion) intro&u'tion to lathe (a'hine an& it#s o.eration) (illin3

(a'hine an& its o.erations) toolin3) atta'h(ent) ha.in3 (a'hine an& its uses0 4rin&in3

(a'hine) Drillin3 @a'hine Abrasi%e (a'hine et'0 .e'ial tools an& eui.(ent use& in

abri'ation o orthoses an& .rostheses0

Co(.ressors) Ma'uu( $u(.s an& Dust Colle'tion Eui.(ents

Cuttin3 Tools *Chisels) aws an& @etal Cutters,

$neu(ati' Tools

$ower Cuttin3 tools

;or/sho. aet1 : Haar&s an& Care

@e'hani'al wor/in3 o (etals su'h as steel an& alu(inu(0

Fun&a(ental o ri%etin3) sol&erin3) brain3 an& wel&in30

;r3s+ Tec+nl-5 Pr%c*ic%l Pr%c*ice: $ra'ti'al wor/ on wor/sho. .ra'ti'es0

$ra'ti'al trainin3 on lathes) Drillin3 @a'hine *Ben'h an& $e&estal,) 4rin&in3 @a'hine)

Router) hot air o%en) san&in3 (a'hine) heat 3un) .neu(ati' (a'hines an& Other

(a'hines0 $ra'ti'al wor/ on %arious (aterials an& tools an& its use in .rostheti's :

Orthoti's0

2" APPLIED 1ECHANICS AND STRENGTH O 1ATERIALS

Gener%l 1ec+%nics: Deinition o @e'hani's) Foun&ation (aterial on Units)

&i(ensional ho(o3eneit1) s'alar an& %e'tor uantities) Co-or&inate s1ste(s) Newton#slaws0 Resolution an& su((ation o or'es an& (o(ents in two an& three Di(ensions)

eui%alent or'e s1ste(s) ree bo&1 &ia3ra(s) euations o Euilibriu() .lans an& s.a'e

ra(e anal1sis0 $arallel an& non- .arallel For'es) torue0 Linear an& an3ular (otion)

unior( a''eleration) ri'tion) inertia) (o(ent o inertia) &1na(i' euilibriu(

*translation5rotation,) Ener31) (o(entu(0

Simle s*ress & S*r%in: Deinition o stress an& strains) a'tor o saet1 stress) (o&ulus

o elasti'it1) lon3itu&inal strain an& internal strains0 $ossion#s ratio et'0 stress an& strain

'ur%e) state(ent o or(ulae relatin3 between &ierent (o&ules) si(.le .roble(s to

un&erstan& the abo%e .rin'i.les o 'o(.osite bars-or(ula relatin3 to loa&s an& strains in

in&i%i&ual (e(bers si(.le to un&erstan& the abo%e relations0

@e'hani's $ra'ti'al *2 hours,

Gener%l: $ra'ti'es on .arallel an& non-.arallel or'es) torue0 Linear an& an3ular

(otion) unior( a''eleration) ri'tion) inertia0

Desi-n cnce*: Bu'/lin3) theories in ailure) ati3ue an& stress 'on'entrations)

'onne'tions) hear or'e an& ben&in3 (o(ent &ia3ra(s) 'entroi&s) 2n& (o(ent o area

an& (ass) theore( o .arallel a?es) ben&in3 stress) torsional stress o 'ir'ular shats)

'o(bine& a?ial an& ben&in3 stresses0 Co(bine& an& torsional stresses) 'o(bine& a?ial

ben&in3 torsional stresses0 O.en an& 'lose& heli'al s.rin3s an& bea( &ele'tion0



32/58

Cn*rl s5s*ems: Intro&u'tion to 'ontrol theor1 an& its a..li'ations in $rostheti's an&

Orthoti's0

Ec-nmics i*+ %lied mec+%nics

Gener%l: Intro&u'tion to &einition an& s'o.e in (o&ern in&ustrial so'ial stu&ies on

@a'hine or (an oriente& to.i's0 Dis.la1s &e%i'es or trans(ittin3 inor(ation ro(

(a'hine to (an0 Controls in inor(ation ro( (an to (a'hine0 aet1 a'tors) $ollution)

noise) u(es) at(os.heri' .ollution i (otion stu&1 in relation to Er3ono(i's .rin'i.les0

4" ENGINEERING DRA;ING:

In*rduc*in: Drawin3 instru(ents an& their uses0 ies an& la1out o &rawin3 sheets0

Ite( reeren'es on &rawin3s an& ite( lists0 $lannin3 on asse(bl10

Gener%l Princiles: Fol&in3 o Drawin3 .rints 'ales0 $lain an& &ia3onal) Lines)

Letterin3s0 4eneral .rin'i.les o .resentations0 e'tion an& other 'on%entions

Con%entional re.resentations 'ir'le) Tan3ent Elli.se0 C1'loise& In%olute o 'ir'le0

und%men*%ls: Di(ensions on te'hni'al &rawin3s0 In&i'ations o linear an& an3ular

toleran'e on te'hni'al &rawin3s0 Ortho3ra.hi' .roe'tions o .oints) lines) si(.le obe'ts

an& 'o(binations0 Iso(etri' %iews) Au?illar1 %iew) Drawin3 o s'rew threa& or( Bolts

'rews an& 'rew oints) wel& an& wel&e& oint &i(entionin3 an& s/et'hin3 o $ : O

'o(.onents5 .arts) .ulle1 shat) 'ou.lin3) et'0

Desi-n: Desi3n 'al'ulations an& its a..li'ations or $rostheti's : 'al'ulation Orthoti's

&e%i'es0

Gener%l S3e*c+in-: /et'hin3 or .re.arin3 asse(bl1) wor/sho. &rawin30 Marious .arts

an& Co(.onents use& in .rostheti's an& orthoti's) Basi' i&ea o &esi3n anal1sis)

ite(isation e(.iri'is() a..ro?i(ation an& s1nthesis0 Detail &ia3ra(s o all /in&

orthoses) .rostheses an& (obilit1 ai&s0

Pr%c*ic%l: All /in&s o en3ineerin3 &rawin3 .ra'ti'e0

6" BIO1ECHANICS0I

B%sic Cnce*s in Bimec+%nics: inem%*ics %nd ine*ics

a, T1.es o @otion

b, Lo'ation o @otion

', Dire'tion o @otion

&, @a3nitu&e o @otion

e, Deinition o For'es

, For'e o 4ra%it13, Rea'tion or'es



33/58

h, Euilibriu(

i, Obe'ts in @otion

, For'e o ri'tion

/, Con'urrent or'e s1ste(s

l, $arallel or'e s1ste(s

(, ;or/ n, @o(ent ar( o or'e

o, For'e 'o(.onents

., Euilibriu( o le%ers

in* s*ruc*ure %nd unc*in

a, oint &esi3n

b, @aterials use& in hu(an oints

', 4eneral .ro.erties o 'onne'ti%e tissues

&, Hu(an oint &esi3n

e, oint un'tion

, oint (otion

Bio(e'hani's o nor(al oot) .atholo3i'al oot) oot ar'hes) nor(al an& sur3i'al oot

wear0

Hum%n 1/emen*s Nor(al 3ait 3eneral eatures o 3ait) 3ait initiation) /ine(ati's an&

/ineti's o 3ait) ener31 reuire(ents) $atholo3i'al 3ait

Intro&u'tion to E@4 stu&ies an& re'or&in3 E@4

in* rce An%l5sis Bo&1 se3(ent .ara(eters) oint or'es &urin3 swin3 an& stan'e

.hase) or'e anal1sis on oot an& an/le oint) /nee oint an& Hi. oint0

Hum%n lcm*in %nd G%i* %n%l5sis Intro&u'tion to &ierent wa1s to &o 3ait anal1sis

b1 usin3 or'e .late5TM anal1sis5 ele'tro(1o3ra.h1 stu&ies) ener31 stu&ies) 3ait

re.eatabilit1) %ariation &ue to a3e) %ariation &ue to ootwear) Orthoses5$rostheses00 Trans

Fe(oral A(.utee) 3ait anal1sis an& &e%iations) 3ait %ariations &ue to ali3n(ent or

.atholo3i'al 'on&itions0

Bio(e'hani's o 1(es .rosthesis) .artial oot .rosthesis) below /nee *trans tibial,

.rosthesis0

7" PROSTHETIC SCIENCE0I

In*rduc*in Intro&u'tion to $rostheti's) &einitions o %arious ter(inolo3ies) Histori'al

&e%elo.(ent in Lower E?tre(it1 $rostheti's in In&ia an& abroa&0

Prs*+e*ic ee* Marious t1.es o $rostheti' eet0 Con%entional oot0 Ro'/er) ACH oot)

(o&iie& ACH Foot0 ai.ur Foot) eattle oot) Fle? oot) Quantu( oot) $e3 Roelite

oot) Carbon 'o.1 oot) Co(.arati%es stu&ies o .rostheti' eet0 in3le a?is) Double a?is)

@ulti-a?ial oot) other /in&s o eet et'0 Heel Hei3ht a&ust(ent) A&ustable an/le)

%arious /in&s o an/le (e'hanis(s0



34/58

P%r*i%l * Marious t1.es o $artial oot .rosthesis0 Bio(e'hani's o $artial oot

.rosthesis) $res'ri.tion $rin'i.les) @aterials use& or .artial oot .rosthesis) %arious 'ast

te'hniues o $artial oot .rosthesis) Fabri'ation Te'hniue or .artial oot .rosthesis0

S5meJs Marious t1.es o 1(es $rosthesis) $rostheti' 'o(.onents) $res'ri.tion 'riteria)

$rin'i.les0 @aterials use& or 1(es .rosthesis) 'astin3 te'hniues0 Cast (o&ii'ation0Fabri'ation Te'hniue or 1(es *$0T0B0 t1.e, .rosthesis0 Fabri'ation Te'hniue or

'on%entional 1(es .rosthesis0

Tr%ns Ti,i%l Marious t1.es o trans-tibial .rostheses in'lu&in3 ai.ur li(b : ICRC

te'hnolo31) $rostheti's Co(.onents + both 'on%entional an& (o&ular0 Trans-tibial

$rostheti' $res'ri.tion Criteria an& .rin'i.les0 @aterials use& in Trans-tibial $rosthesis0

@easure(ent an& 'astin3 te'hniues or Trans-tibial .rosthesis0 Cast (o&ii'ation0

Fabri'ation te'hniues or trans-tibial .rosthesis0 Fabri'ation Te'hniue or trans-tibial

Con%entional $rosthesis + both O.en an& 'lose en&e& so'/et) Dierent t1.es o so'/et

&esi3ns + $TB) $T) $TBC) $TB-C$) Dierent t1.es o sus.ension0

G%i* De/i%*ins %nd An%l5sis $erson with Cho.art) 1(es) Trans-tibial .rosthesis0

Che'/-Out $ro'e&ures with Cho.art) 1(es : Trans-tibial .rosthesis0

Prs*+e*ics Pr%c*ic%l Fabri'ation o $artial oot .rosthesis) Cho.art $rosthesis) 1(es

an& %arious t1.es o Trans tibial .rosthesis usin3 &ierent te'hnolo310


35/58

Pr%c*ic%l: Dierent t1.es o oot Orthoses) hoe (o&ii'ations) an& all t1.es o

@e'hani'al An/le oint ) 'on%entional : Custo( (ol&e& *A0F0O0, an& ra'ture Orthosis

or below /nee0

SECOND YEAR

!"PATHOLOGY

%" Gener%l:

i0 Intro&u'tion to .atholo31) basi' (e'hanis( o health an& &isease)

'larii'ation o &isease0

Inla((ation +

A'ute inla((ation eatures) 'auses) %as'ular an& 'ellular e%ents0

Chroni' inla((ation Causes) T1.es) Classii'ation) Re.air) ;oun& healin3 b1 .ri(ar1an& se'on&ar1 union) a'tors .ro(otin3 an& &ela1in3 the .ro'ess0

b0 He(o&1na(i' &isor&ers) thro(bo e(boli' &isease : sho'/0

i0 Is'he(i') ne'rosis) thro(bosis) e(bolis() Inar'ation) sho'/0

ii0 4an3rene0

iii0 Thro(boan3itis obliterans0

Neo.lasia + Deinition) 'lassii'ation) Biolo3i'al beha%iour Beni3n an& @ali3nant)

Car'ino(a an& ar'o(a) .rin'i.les o their s.rea&0

'0 H1.ersensiti%it1 &iseases an& i((unit1 + Brie o%er%iew o h1.ersensiti%it1rea'tion aller3ies : auto i((une &iseases0

&0 4eneti' &isor&ers + Brie o%er %iew o 3eneti' &isease0

e0 Neruro%as'ular &iseases

i0 Outline o Cerebro-%as'ular &isor&ers

ii0 Trau(a to brain an& s.inal 'or&0

iii0 De(1elinatin3 &iseases li/e (ulti.le s'lerosis0

i%0 De3enerati%e &iseases li/e .ar/insons &isease0

%0 $eri.heral %as'ular &isease

%i0 $olio(1elitis0

0 @etaboli' &isor&ers + Diabeti' (ellitus- T1.es) $atho3enesis) $atholo31)

Laborator1 &ia3nosis

30 Disor&ers o bloo&0

Constituents o bloo& an& bone (arrow) Re3ulation o he(ato.oiesis0

Ane(ia Classii'ation) 'lini'al eatures : lab &ia3nosis0



36/58

#" ORTHOPAEDICS & A1PUTATION SURGERY

Or*+%edics

4eneral Intro&u'tion) $rin'i.les o Ortho.ae&i's0 Co((on in%esti3ati%e .ro'e&ures0

Tr%um%*l-5

Fra'ture) &einition) t1.es) si3ns an& s1(.to(s an& (ana3e(ent0 ublu?ation5

&islo'ations + &einition) si3ns an& s1(.to(s) (ana3e(ent

In'I%mm%*r5 %nd De-ener%*i/e Cndi*ins

Osteo(1elitis) arthritis an& arthroses) e3 - Inla((ation o oints) Rheu(atoi& Arthritis)

ine'ti%e arthritis) tuber'ulosis arthritis) Osteoarthritis) An/ol1sin3 s.on&1litis) arthritis o

he(o.hili' oints) Neuro.athi' oints0 Inla((ation o ten&on sheath an& bursa)

Dise%se ' Bnes %nd in*s@etaboli' &iseases o bones) e030 ri'/ets) Osteo(ala'ia) Osteo.enia)

Osteo.orosis03out) s'ur%1 et'0

Cn-eni*%l De'rmi*ies

Outline o Torti'olis) s.ina bii&a) s.inal ana(olies s'oliosis C0T0E0M0

Ac8uired De'rmi*ies

s'oliosis + all t1.es) /1.hosis) Lor&osis) s.on&1losis Co?a-%ara) 'o?a-%al3a an& 'o?a

(a3na) Otto .el%is) 3enu %al3us) 3enu %aru() 3enu re'ur%atu(0

Cer/ic%l %nd Lum,%r P%*+l-5

$rola.se o inter%ertebral &is') .inal 'or& inur1

Re-in%l Cndi*ins Deinition) Clini'al eatures an& (ana3e(ent o the ollowin3

re3ional 'on&itions

Hi: Outline o Dislo'ations an& sublu?ations : &1s.lasia *'on3enital) trau(ati')

.atholo3i'al) .aral1ti') s.asti' an& 'entral,)

nee: Outline o @enis'al tears) &islo'ation o .atella) Li3a(entous inuries0

An3le & '*: Outline o .artial an& total li3a(entous inuries .rain Heel an& oot

&eor(ities *Cal'aneo %arus) $es Mal3us) %arus) @etatarsal3ia) .lantar as'itiis)

Anestheti' eet) Bunion toe Hallu? Mal3us,

S+ulder: Outline o Re'urrent &islo'ation) Bi'i.ital ten&initis an& .eriarthritis0

El, %nd 're%rm: Outline o Cubitus %arus an& %al3us) @a&elun3#s &eor(it1) Tennis

elbow) Mol/(ann#s 'ontra'ture) Du.u1tren#s &isease) De Quer%ain#s &isease) entra.(ent

neuro.athies0



37/58

;ris* & H%nd: wrist &ro.) Tenos1no%itis) (allet in3er) 'ar.al tunnel s1n&ro(e) 'law

han&)

Seci'ic Disrders: Le.ros1) Burns) Tu(ors + Beni3n : (ali3nant) Tuber'ulosis :

$erthes Disease) AMN *Full, $eri.heral Ner%e Inuries) Con3enital ano(alies @us'ular

D1stro.h1 et'0.orts inuries an& their (ana3e(ent0

Amu*%*in Sur-er5

Gener%l: In&i'ations5'auses) 4eneral $rin'i.les) T1.es o a(.utation) i0e0 4uillotine)

Fla.) Osteo.lasti' @1o.lasti') Osteo-(1o.lasti'0 In&i%i&ual#s $re.aration or .rosthesis0

I&eal stu(.0 $reo.erati%e) o.erati%e an& .osto.erati%e .rostheti' (ana3e(ent te'hniues

in 3eneral0

A(.utation A(.utation sur3er1 in lower an& u..er li(bs) stu(. reashionin3 an&

a(.utation re%ision

A(.utation in s.e'ial 'ir'u(stan'es) li/e in inants an& 'hil&ren) Con3enital li(b

&ei'ien'ies an& its uni%ersal 'lassii'ation) is'he(i' li(bs) el&erl1 .ersons) (ali3nan'1

an& Diabetes0 Osteointe3ration an& Osteo3enesis i(.ere'ta0

Con3inetal ano(alies) .o&iater1) burns0

Or*+%edics Pr%c*ic%l:

4eneral De(onstration o &ierent 'on&itions : rele%ant ?-ra1 il(s) how to rea& ro(

?-ra1) how to (easure the &eor(it1 ro( ?-ra1) Cobb)s : Rib an3le (easure(ent et'0 its

si(.le assess(ent an& $:O (ana3e(ent te'hniue0

." PHYSICAL 1EDICINE AND REHABILITATION

A" Ps5c+l-5 & Sci%l r3:

Intro&u'tion to $s1'holo31) Outline o $s1'holo31 an& beha%ior) Intelli3en'e an&

abilities) Learnin3 an& Re(e(berin3) $s1'holo3i'al De%elo.(ent) Co3niti%e $ro'esses)

$ersonalit1) @oral De%elo.(ent) $s1'holo3i'al as.e't o &isabilit10 The Role o the

Fa(il1) Chil& with the &isabilit1) .arents o the &isable& 'hil&0 A''e.tan'e o e%erel1&isable& .ersons0 o'ial-e?ual Relationshi.s0 In&e.en&ent Li%in30

Intro&u'tion to o'iolo31 an& outline o o'iet1) &einitions)Outline o o'ial wor/s)

Nature o o'ial or3aniation) t1.es o or3aniations0 Non 3o%ern(ental or3anisations

an& its role in .rostheti's : orthoti's0 tru'ture an& un'tions o o'ial Institutions0

Milla3e as a 'o((unit10 o'ial Chan3es0o'ial $roble(s) o'ial ;elare) Mo'ational

Rehabilitation) E(.lo1(ent) el-E(.lo1(ent ob anal1sis) ob .la'e(ent0

Dis%,ili*5 & De/elmen*:

Ba'/3roun& to so'ial) .oliti'al an& e'ono(i' issues in In&ia an& other Low In'o(e'ountries0 Ae't on .oor who li%e in rural an& urban areas0 Disabilit1 an& wo(en



38/58

Intro&u'tion to 'o((unit1 base& rehabilitation as 'o(.are& to the e?istin3 (e&i'al

(o&el an& its un'tion0 Intro&u'tion to i(.air(ent) &isabilit1 an& han&i'a.0 Intro&u'tion

to &isabilit1 issues) 4o%ern(ent s'he(es an& initiati%es) le3islation an& UNCR$D

Lo'al resour'es a%ailable an& reerral0 In'o(e 3eneration s'he(es) $ur.ose o

an3ha53rou. o $;Ds0 A''ess) a&a.tations an& 'han3e o en%iron(ent where .eo.leli%e or wor/0

Re(o%in3 En%iron(ental Barriers) Re'reation or the Disable& Co((unit1 ;elare

or3aniations) o'ial welare .ro3ra((es0 $roessional an& so'ial wor/ in (e&i'al :

rehabilitation set u.0 $ra'ti'al an& en%iron(ental &ii'ulties o .atients in use o

a..lian'es0 Outline o E&u'ational as.e'ts) $;D a't0

B" P+5si*+er%5 And Occu%*in%l T+er%5

In*rduc*in * P+5si*+er%5

Ai(s an& s'o.e o %arious bio(e'hani'al (o&alities + shoul&er wheel) shoul&er la&&er)

shoul&er .ulle1s) .ronator - su.inator instru(ent) stati' '1'le) rowin3 (a'hine) an/le

e?er'iser) balan'in3 boar&) s.rin3s) wei3hts

Nrm%l Ps*ure: &einition : &es'ri.tion) stati' an& &1na(i') ali3n(ents o %arious

oints) 'entre o 3ra%it1) .lanes : (us'ular (o(ents) an& Anal1sis o .osture

1/emen*s: Anato(i'al &einition an& &es'ri.tion) @o%e(ents an& e?er'ise as

thera.euti' (o&alit1 an& their ee'ts) $h1siolo3i'al rea'tion o e?er'ise0

Tr%c*in: Rational) Te'hniue) in&i'ations : 'ontra in&i'ations0

Brie &es'ri.tion o hort wa%e Diather(1-'ontinuous an& .ulse&) @i'rowa%e

Diather(1) Ultrasoun&) Inrare&) UMR an& Lasers : other ele'trothera.1 (o&alities0

1uscle Tes*in-: Con'e.t) intro&u'tion) si3nii'an'e an& li(itations0 4ra&e s1ste(s)

te'hniues o (us'le testin3) 3onio(etr10 Brie &es'ri.tion o H1&rothera.10

Thera.1 at .ost-sur3i'al sta3e *re-e&u'atin3 the (us'les) (aintainin3 RO@) .re%entin3

stu(. 'ontra'ture an& 'are o non a(.utate& li(b) E?er'ise throu3h 3a(es in%ol%in3 .arents or 3uar&ians) $O$ ban&a3e a..li'ation or te(.orar1 s.lintin3 an& 'orre'tion o

si(.le &eor(it1) tu(. ban&a3in3 a..li'ation et',0

In*rduc*in * Occu%*in%l T+er%5

Ai(s an& s'o.e o %arious bio(e'hani'al (o&alities use& in O''u.ational Thera.1

Chil& &e%elo.(ent in brie - (ilestone an& &ela1e& (ilestone) Assess(ent .ro'e&ure)

E%aluation o (us'le .ower) ran3e o (otion) 'he'/in3 o oint stabilit1

Fun'tional Assess(ent whi'h in'lu&es ADL) stret'hin3) stren3thenin3) breathin3e?er'ise) thera.1 at .ost-sur3i'al sta3e *re-e&u'atin3 the (us'les) (aintainin3 RO@)



39/58

.re%entin3 stu(. 'ontra'ture an& 'are o non a(.utate& li(b) E?er'ise throu3h 3a(es

in%ol%in3 .arents or 3uar&ians) $O$ ban&a3e a..li'ation or te(.orar1 s.lintin3 an&

'orre'tion o si(.le &eor(it1) tu(. ban&a3in3 a..li'ation et'0

Pr%c*ic%l: $ra'ti'al as.e'ts o .h1siothera.1) o''u.ational thera.10

C0 P+5sic%l 1edicine %nd Re+%,ili*%*in:

Con'e.t o Total Rehabilitation) Rehabilitation tea( an& role o ea'h (e(ber o the

tea(0 Intro&u'tion to $h1si'al @e&i'ine) $rin'i.les o 'lini'al e?a(inations) &ia3nosis

an& treat(ent0 Dierent as.e'ts o .h1si'al (e&i'ine an& rehabilitation0 Rehabilitation

as.e'ts o %isuall1 han&i'a..e&) hearin3 han&i'a..e& an& (entall1 retar&e& an&

&isabilit1 e%aluation0

Intro&u'tion to Health 'are 1ste() Rehabilitation in Health 'are) rehabilitation un&er

%arious (inistries) intro&u'tion to Institute base& rehabilitation *IBR, an& Co((unit1Base& Rehabilitation *CBR,0 $rostheti's : Orthoti's in CBR an& Role o CBR ;or/ers

in $:O0

Intro&u'tion to 3eneral (e&i'ine an& &iseases0 Che(i'al an& .h1si'al a3ents 'ausin3

&iseases0 Outline o (etaboli' &isor&erse030 Diabetes @ellitus) &ei'ien'1 &iseases e030

Mit0 D &ei'ien'1 an& Mit0 C &ei'ien'10

Cmmuni*5 B%sed Re+%,ili*%*in: ;hat is CBR an& its nee& + what wa1 it is &ierent

than IBR) i(.le /nowle&3e about other &isabilities) its .re%ention an& its (ana3e(ent)

To un&erstan& the role o e1 $la1ers in CBR) Reerral a'ilities where to reer when to

reer) Role o other .roessionals in CBR) Role o $:O $roessionals in CBR) Earl1

i&entii'ation an& earl1 Inter%ention) How to wor/ as a tea( in CBR5IBR stru'ture)

i(.le te'hniues to (a/e CBR a'ti%ities (ore .ur.oseul) Tele(e&i'ine

Seci'ic disrders: $eri.heral ner%e inuries0 $olio(1elitis) Cerebral $als1) @us'ular

D1stro.h1) Club oot *CTEM,) .ina Bii&a) He(i.le3ia) .inal Cor& inuries

*.ara.le3ia5 Qua&ri.le3ia,)

Ine'tions + $re%ention : 'ontrol

• $1o3eni' ine'tion0

• Tubular an& un3al in ine'tions0

• Le.ros1 : TD0• $arasiti' : $rotooal &isease0

• Miral) Ri'/ets &iseases) AID0

Out lines o .atholo31 o bone &iseases) ine'tions) trau(a) : 3rowth &isturban'es0

• Ri'/ets) osteo(ala'ia : osteo.orosis0

• Fra'ture o bone : its healin3• /eletal tuber'ulosis0

• Osteo (1elities + $1o3eni' : tubu'ular0•

Bone neo.las(0



40/58

• A%as'ular ne'rosis Sosteo ne'rosis

• O%er%iew o osteo3enesis i(.ere'ta) .a3ets et'0

Disease o oints0

• Osteoarthritis) Rheu(atoi& arthritis re-a'ti%e arthritis) an/1losin3

s.on&1loarthritis : re-a'ti%e arthritis0• Ine'tious arthritis0

• 4out1 arthritis an& .seu&o 3out

• Brie o%er%iew o tu(ors o oints0

Diseases o sot tissue an& s/in

• ot tissue tu(ors

• Li3a(entous an& (enis'al &isease an& inuries with s.e'ial e(.hasison s.orts inuries0

• /in + .rote'tion) heat) re3ulation) sensation) elasti'it1) woun& re.air)res.onse to irritants) res.onse to .ressure : is'he(ia brie0

• O%er%iew o s/in &isease + E'e(a) 'onta't &er(atitis both et'0

Neuro(us'ular &iseases nor(al .eri.heral ner%e an& s/eletal (us'le0

• 4eneral re-a'tions o (otor unit

• Disease o .eri.heral ner%es + inla((ator1 neuro.athies) i((une (e&iate&ine'tions) .ol1neuro.athies S le.ros1) et') here&itar1 neuro.athies) a'uire&(etaboli' : to?i' neuro.athies) nutritional neuro.athies0) Trau(ati'neuro.athies0

• Disease o s/eletal (us'le0

• @us'ular &1stro.hies0• @1otoni' &1stro.h10

• Inla((ator1 : to?i' neuro.athies0• Neuro%as'ular &iseases0

Sr*s In9uries: Intro&u'tion to s.orts inuries) 'o((on s.orts inuries an& their

(ana3e(ent) @e'hanis( o inur1 to hi.) /nee) an/le) shoul&er) elbow) wrist an& han& in

%arious s.orts an& outline o their Orthoti's (ana3e(ent0

?E%min%*in +%s * ,e cnduc*ed ' A B C sec*in i*+ se%r%*e %nser s+ee* 'r

*+e e/%lu%*in ,5 *+e cncerned '%cul*5 $r'essin%ls"

2" UNDA1ENTALS O ELECTRICITY AND ELECTRONICS

Elec*rici*5

B%sic Cnce*s: Intro&u'tion to I 1ste( o units) 'har3e) 'urrent) resistan'e) .otential

&ieren'es) ele'tro(oti%e or'e) Ener31 .ower) Molta3e an& 'urrent Relationshi.) ener31

stora3e) DC 'ir'uits) AC 'ir'uits) sine wa%e) Freuen'1) $erio&) .hase) R@ %alue)

in&u'ti%e an& 'a.a'iti%e rea'tan'e0



41/58

Resis*rs: Resistors sensiti%e to te(.erature) strain an& li3ht) Resistors in series an& in

.arallel0

Tr%ns'rmers: $rin'i.le o the transor(er) %olta3e) turns an& 'urrent ratios0

Semi Cnduc*rs: Outline Con'e.ts o se(i'on&u'tors an& insulators0 Con&u'tion inintrinsi' an& e?trinsi' se(i 'on&u'tors0

Amli'iers: A(.liiers as a s1ste( ele(ent0 O.erational a(.liiers an& their i&eal

'hara'teristi's0 The s(all sin3le eui%alent 'ir'uit ha%in3 a 'ontrolle& sour'e0 Molta3e

an& 'urrent 3ain) the &e'ibel .ower 3ain) Noise an& &rit %olta3es) our'e in a(.liiers

an& bio-s1ste(s0

eed B%c3: The 3eneral Fee&ba'/ euation) Fee&ba'/ Molta3e series) ne3ati%e ee&ba'/

an& loo. 3ain) loo. 3ain A''ura'1) in.ut resistan'e) out.ut resistan'e) ban& wi&th o

noise0 Fee&ba'/ as a 'ontrol (e'hanis( in the wi&er sense) $ositi%e ee&ba'/ +

instabilit1 an& sel-os'ilation in a(.liiers an& os'illatiors0

1e%suremen*s: Ele'troni's (easurin3 instru(ents00 u((ar1 o re'or&in3 instru(ents0

Con'e.ts o resolution an& a''ura'1 a..lie& to &i3ital an& analo3ue instru(ents0

Trans&u'ers or te(.erature) li3ht) .ressure) soun&s) &es'ri.tion) s.e'ii'ation an& use in

'ir'uit0

15elec*rdes: Te'hnolo31 o (etal an& (etal .aste ele'tro&es) the eui%alent 'ir'uit

between ele'tro&es) stabilit1) sour'e o unwante& %olta3e ele'tro&e s1ste(s0 Other t1.es

o (1oele'tro&es (i'ro ele'tro&es) i(.lante& ele'tro&es) 'o(.arison with sura'e

ele'tro&es0 ensors) (i'ro.ro'essors et'0

Elec*ric%l S%'e*5: Des'ri.tion o sin3le .hase an& three .hase su..l1 s1ste( an& %olta3e

in%ol%e&0 Fun'tion o line) natural an& earth in sin3le .hase s1ste(0 Current .ra'ti'e in

.in 'onne'tion an& 'olour 'o&es0 i(.le saet1 .ro'e&ure to be ta/en when ser%i'in3

eui.(ent0 Ee't on saet1 o ault 'on&itions0 Fuses) Con&u'tors an& earth lea/a3e

&ete'tors + (iniature 'ir'uit brea/ers *@CB,0 Molta3e re3ulators inte3rate& 'ir'uits0

Bi0Elec*rici*5 Biolo3i'al $otentials) @us'le a'tion .otentials) Ele'tro-(1o3ra.h1 an&

@1o-ele'tri'it1

4" BIO1ECHANICS II

T+ru-+ 3nee Bimec+%nics: Throu3h /nee $res'ri.tion $rin'i.les) so'/et

bio(e'hani's an& ali3n(ent te'hniues0

Tr%ns emr%l Prs*+e*ics Bimec+%nics 4eneral o'/et bio(e'hani's) Trans

Fe(oral so'/et bio(e'hani's an& anal1sis o so'/et or'es0 Anal1sis o Trans Fe(oral

$rostheti' 'o(.onents0

G%i* de/i%*in: 4ait &e%iation while usin3 while usin3 Foot Orthoses *FO,) An/le Foot

Orthoses *AFO, an& trans-tibial .rostheses0

RCI#s B$O Re%ise& Curri'ulu() 2!! =!


42/58

A,/e 3nee Or*+*ics Bimec+%nics: Bio(e'hani'al .rin'i.als o %arious /in&s o

abo%e /nee Orthosis es.e'iall1 nee An/le Foot Orthosis an& Floor Rea'tion Orthosis0

Bio(e'hani's o HAFO es.e'iall1 to .re%ent s'issorin30 Three5 our5i%e .oint or'e

s1ste(0 AFO an& HAFO 3ait &e%iations &ue to ali3n(ents or .atholo3i'al 'on&itions0

4ait anal1sis o AFOs an& HAFOs with %arious t1.es o 'rut'hes0

Co(bine& an& torsional stresses) 'o(bine& a?ial ben&in3 torsional stresses0 O.en an&

'lose& heli'al s.rin3s) bea( &ele'tion0 Desi3n test stan&ar&s5(aterials5$hila&el.hia

Loa&s5IO0 Desi3n 'al'ulations or $:O &e%i'es5BI0

6" PROSTHETICS SCIENCE0 II

nee in*s: Dierent t1.es o En&os/eletal an& e?os/eletal /nee oints - in3le a?is

/nee oints) $ol1'entri' /nee oints) Free /nee) Constant ri'tion /nee oints) Mariable

ri'tion nee oint) (i'ro'hi. 'ontrol /nee) h1&rauli' /nee oint) swin3 $hase 'ontrol

/nee oints) tan'e $hase 'ontrol /nee oints et'0

Hi in*s: For abo%e /nee as well as or hi. &isarti'ulation5 he(i- .el%i'to(1 + all

t1.es o hi. oints es.e'iall1 sin3le a?is an& wi%el t1.e0

T+ru-+ nee Prs*+esis: Marious t1.es o throu3h /nee .rosthesis - Throu3h /nee

.rostheti' Co(.onents0 @aterials use& or throu3h /nee .rosthesis0 Castin3 te'hniues

or throu3h /nee .rosthesis) Cast (o&ii'ation) Fabri'ation Te'hniues o throu3h hi.

.rosthesis) throu3h /nee 4ait anal1sis an& &e%iations) Throu3h /nee Che'/-out

$ro'e&ures0

Tr%ns emr%l Prs*+esis: T1.es o Trans Fe(oral $rosthesis0 Trans e(oral $rostheti'Co(.onents0 Trans Fe(oral o'/et &esi3ns0 Castin3 an& (easure(ent te'hniues) Cast

(o&ii'ation) Fabri'ation te'hniues o Trans Fe(oral so'/et0 Marious t1.es o

sus.ension use& in Trans Fe(oral $rosthesis

Ends3ele*n$mdul%r: all 'o((on t1.es) Trans Fe(oral 4ait Anal1sis) Trans Fe(oral

Che'/-out $ro'e&ures0

Prs*+e*ics Pr%c*ic%l: Fabri'ation o all t1.es o abo%e nee .rosthesis an& throu3h

/nee .rosthesis0

7" ORTHOTICS SCIENCE0II

A,/e 3nee Or*+*ics: T1.es o /nee : Hi. oints

Or*+*ics Cmnen*s: $res'ri.tion .rin'i.les o %arious t1.es o nee Orthoses *O,)

nee An/le oot Orthoses *AFO,) Hi. nee An/le oot Orthoses *HAFO,0 R4O :

AR4O Orthoses

All t1.es o 0A0F0O0) H00A0F0O0 FRO) R4O : AR4O et'0 an& also Orthoses or

(ana3e(ent o C0D0H0) C0$0) $ara.le3i's) Le33 Cal%e .erthes &iseases) .ina Bii&a)Le.ros1 an& He(i.le3ia et'0



43/58

%,ric%*in: Cast an& (easure(ent te'hniues) a..ro.riate sele'tion o (aterials an&

'o(.onents) 'ast (o&ii'ation) abri'ation an& ali3n(ent te'hniue) usin3 o &ierent

te'hnolo3ies + its a&%anta3es an& &isa&%anta3es) A''o((o&ation o li(b len3th

&is're.an'1 while &esi3nin3 orthosis) 4ait anal1sis an& 'he'/ out .ro'e&ures0

Pr%c*ic%l: Orthoses in Lower @otor Neuron Disor&ers) Orthoses in U..er @otor Neuron

Disor&ers) %arious t1.es o /nee Orthoses) ;ei3ht relie%in3 orthosis) Floor rea'tion

orthosis) Toronto Bra'e) Low 'ost Orthoses) Bilateral H00A0F0O) Orthoses in Arthritis)

Orthoses in Fra'tures) Orthoses in He(o.hilia) Orthoses in $ro3ressi%e @us'ular

D1stro.h1) Orthoses in u%enile Disor&ers et'0

THIRD YEAR

!" CO1PUTER SCIENCE

Intro&u'tion to 'o(.uters an& Co(.onents o 'o(.uters $h1si'al Co(.osition) Central

$ro'essin3 Unit) @ain @e(or1) In.ut an& Out.ut units an& also all /in&s o 'o((on

t1.es o 'o(.uter .eri.herals0

Har&ware Marious Coni3urations) .e'ii'ation o .eri.herals an& 'o(.uter s1ste(0

Marious t1.es o stora3e a'ilities an& its a&%anta3es an& &isa&%anta3es0

Co(.utin3 en%iron(ents Intro&u'tion to t1.es o 'o(.uters- $ersonal 'o(.uters) @ain

ra(e an& su.er 'o(.uters) Networ/s) E-@ail) Internet0 Intro&u'tion to o.eratin3

s1ste(s) e030 DO) ;in&ows) Linu?) Uni?) 'o((an&s an& intro&u'tion to 4eneral ile

s1ste(s0

otware The 'urrent o.eratin3 sotware#s) ;or& $ro'essor) s.rea&sheet) &atabase an&

.resentation sotware) e030 ;in&ows $ or ;in&ows 2!!! $roessional) @i'rosot Oi'e

$ or 2!!! $roessional et'0) u.3ra&e& as use& 'urrentl1) Anti Mirus0

Cmu*er Aided Desi-n & 1%nu'%c*urin- (CAD & CA1)

Basi's o CAD Intro&u'tion) Deinition) Histor1) Current status) $ro&u't C1'le)Auto(ation) Desi3nin3) A..li'ation an& Beneits0

Co(.uter 4ra.hi's Intro&u'tion o sotware) Fun'tion o 3ra.hi' .a'/a3e) A..li'ation

otware0

AutoCa& 2!! an& u.&ate& %ersion Intro&u'tion) Foun&ation o AutoCa& Co((an&s)

E?e'ution o i(.le 2D Drawin3s) Un&erstan&in3


44/58

Intro&u'tion to CNC) Histor1 o CNC) A&%anta3es an& &isa&%anta3es o N5C) CNC)

DNC) @aor .art o CNC0

Basi's o CA@ Intro&u'tion o CNC (a'hine) basi's o Co(.uter Ai&e& Desi3nin3 an&

@anua'turin3 *CADCA@, an& its use in $:O0 Other /in&s o Co(.uter use in

$rostheti's an& Orthoti's0 CADCA@ Te'hnolo31 in so'/et (a/in3 an& also (a/in3 o &ierent /in&s o orthosis an& .rosthesis0

CAD5CA@ in $rostheti's : Orthoti's t1.es o &i3itiers use&) 'on'e.t o &ierent t1.es

o (o&i1in3 sotware) CNC 'ar%er an& its s.e'ii'ation) ste. wise abri'ation .ro'e&ure

o so'/ets) shells an& s.inal orthoses) its a&%anta3es an& &isa&%anta3es

Pr%c*ic%l:

0Trainees has to be thorou3h in all bran'hes o @ Oi'e es.e'iall1 ;ORD an&

$O;ER$OINT0 In a&&ition to that it woul& be better i trainee also learn one a&&itional

&rawin3 an& i(a3in3 sotware a(on3 e030 Corel Draw) $a3e@a/er) $hotosho. or si(ilar /in& o sotwares0

20Trainees has to be thorou3h in all bran'hes CADCA@ es.e'iall1 AUTOCAD0 Trainees

shoul& (a/e &esi3n o all 'o((on t1.es o $:O 'o(.onents whi'h are re3ularl1 in use

b1 usin3 AutoCAD sotware0

#" P&O ;ORSHOP 1ANAGE1ENT

Intro&u'tion $rin'i.les o A&(inistrati%e an& @ana3e(ent stru'ture) In&ustrial

@ana3e(ent) Deinition o Or3aniation0 $rin'i.les o 3oo& or3anisation) t1.e o

Or3anisational setu. ;or/sho. A&(inistration an& (ana3e(ent0

@ana3e(ent Intro&u'tion) Dis'i.line) e'urit1) &istribution o wor/) ;or/ sheet) Ti(e

sheet an& sta ;elare0

@aterial @ana3e(ent tore an& store or3aniation0 In%entor1 Control0 $ur'hase

or3aniation0 Intro&u'tion to 'ost a''ountin30 Use o 'o(.uter or ee'ti%e store

(ana3e(ent0

aet1 In&ustrial a''i&ents) saet1 an& haar&s

$lannin3 $lannin3 o $rostheti's an& Orthoti's ;or/sho. all t1.es o %arious s'ales0

;or/sho. la1out) .lant La1out0 Costin3) billin3) &o'u(entation es.e'iall1 &e%elo.(ent

o re'or&in3 s1ste( to (ana3e in&i%i&ual#s re'or&s0

Constru'tion Constru'tion) %entilation) ele'trii'ation) 'olour s'he(e) li3htin3) anitar1

'on%enien'e) Further e?.ansion an& a''essibilit1 o $rostheti' an& Orthoti' ;or/sho.

an& ittin3s0

Hu(an resour'e (ana3e(ent : En%iron(ental 'ien'e

E'ono(i's



45/58

Business (ana3e(ent .ra'ti'es su'h as 'ost 'al'ulations) a''ountin3 .ro'ess an&

bu&3etin3 a&&ress issues relate& to 'lini' (ana3e(ent in'lu&in3) a..oint(ent s1ste(s

an& re'or& /ee.in3) Qualit1 'ontrol an& the use o ualit1 assuran'e s1ste(

A..ro.riate 'o&e o ethi'al beha%iour o $ : O $roessional res.onsible or the treat(ent

o .atients

Pr%c*ic%l:

Either to &esi3n an& &e%elo. a wor/sho. or to 'arr1 out a .roe't or la1out o a

wor/sho. or .rostheti's an& orthoti's wor/ or wor/sho. o si(ilar nature0

." 1OBILITY AND REHABILITATION AIDS

@obilit1 an& ;al/in3 ai&s Canes) wal/in3 sti'/s) Crut'hes - au?iliar1) elbow an&

orear( su..ort0 Dierent t1.es o ;al/in3 Fra(e) ;al/er an& their atta'h(ents0 $ara

.o&iu( et'

De%elo.(ental ai&s Bio(e'hani's o %arious /in&s o &e%elo.(ental ai&s) Nor(al

(ilestone an& &ela1e& (ilestone) .res'ri.tion) &esi3n an& (aterials use&) (easure(ent

te'hniues) abri'ation o Bo? seat) .e'ial Chair with or without table5tra1) tan&in35

tiltin3 ra(e) Low- le%el 'art) $rone boar& an& %arious &e%elo.(ental an& e&u'ational

to1s0 @a?i(u( use o A..ro.riate Te'hnolo31 while (a/in3 &e%elo.(ental ai&s0

@ol&e& seats Bio(e'hani's o %arious /in&s o (ol&e& seats) .res'ri.tion 'riteria) 'astan& (easure(ent te'hniues) Cast (o&ii'ations) abri'ation o (ol&e& seats with insi&e

or outsi&e .ostin3) use o &ierent (aterials an& te'hnolo3ies to abri'ate the sa(e)

sus.ension or ri3ht /in&s o stra..in30

;heel'hair @anual wheel'hair Beneits o a..ro.riate wheel'hair or a wheel'hair

user) Features an& beneits o Ksittin3 u.ri3ht# in wheel'hair)) T1.es o wheel'hair)

'ushion an& its 'o(.onents an& its sae han&lin3) .ressure relie te'hniues) ) user

assess(ent) .res'ri.tion) (easure(ent) ittin3) Transer te'hniues) ;heel'hair (obilit1

s/ills) Care : @aintenan'e o ;heel'hairs an& i(.ortan'e o wheel'hair user

instru'tions0

Cushions an& its abri'ation te'hniue : wheel'hair (o&ii'ation0

Other t1.es Intro&u'tion @otorie& wheel'hair) tri'1'le an& (otorie& tri'1'le)

(o&iie& two wheeler or (obilit10

4ait Trainin3 with %arious wal/in3 ai&s) Installation5 abri'ation o $arallel bars0

el hel. &e%i'es .e'ial 3a&3ets to assist in a'ti%ities o &ail1 li%in3 *A0D0L0, + assisti%e

&e%i'e or CI .atients) stro/e .atients et'0

RCI#s B$O Re%ise& Curri'ulu() 2!! ==


46/58

2" PROSTHETIC SCIENCE0III

U..er Li(b 4ras. .atterns) 3ras. or'es) (e'

bs. in p&o india. syllabus 2010

Documents