bt - history of building materials
TRANSCRIPT
BRIEF HISTORY OF BUILDING MATERIALS
AR. RINO D.A. FERNANDEZ
PALEOLITHIC (Old Stone Age)32,000 BC – 12,000 BC
NOMADIC HUNTER
CAVE
MESOLITHIC (Middle Stone Age)12,000 BC – 8,000 BC
FOOD GATHERER
TEMPORARY
SHELTER FROM
PERISHABLE
MATERIALS
NEOLITHIC (New Stone Age)8,000 BC – 3,000 BC
FARMING
PERMANENT SETTLEMENT
VILLAGES OF CIRCULAR & LATER RECTANGULAR HUTS
COMMUNAL HOUSE
CONSTRUCTION & MATERIALS
TENT
- wooden poles/animal bones as framework
- leaves to form the tent
HUT
- broad leaves intertwined as covering
- composite building materials were used (clay & wood)
- reeds padded with clay for walls
CONSTRUCTION & MATERIALS
COMMUNAL HOUSE
- wooden post & lintel to support the ridge pole & rafters
- thatch for the roof structure
- walls were made of various materials, such as clay, wattle & daub, tree bark & thatch
STONE STRUCTURES
- dolmen
- granaries
- temples
-cromlech
Construction Method was post & lintel
CROMLECH
A circular arrangement
of megaliths enclosing
a dolmen or burial
mound
STONEHENGE
STONEHENGESALISBURY PLAIN, SOUTHERN ENGLAND
- The most imposing megalithic monument in existence
- Known in the 12th cent. as “Dance of the Giants”
- Known today as the “sarcen circle”
STONEHENGESALISBURY PLAIN, SOUTHERN ENGLAND
MESOPOTAMIAN PERIOD
Chaldea – man-made clay, plain & glazed bricks, bitumen & pitch (for cementing), calcerous earth (mortar)
Assyria – stone, brick (extensively used), alabaster & limestone (for facing)
Persia – hard & colored limestone, timber
ZIGGURATS
Ziggurat at Ur Ziggurat at Bursippa Tower of Babel
MESOPOTAMIAN PERIOD
BABYLON CITY OF BABYLON
- with 100 towers and 100 bronze doors
MESOPOTAMIAN PERIOD
ASSYRIA PALACE OF SARGON
- entrance portals flanked with statues of headed winged bulls & lions
- contains 700 rooms
MESOPOTAMIAN PERIOD
EGYPTIAN PERIOD
Natural products – timber,
stone, brick, clay
Masonry materials – limestone, sandstone, alabaster, basalt, porphyry, granite
Timber used – Acacia (boats) Date Palm (roofing) Sycamore (mummy case)
EGYPTIAN PERIOD
EGYPTIAN PERIOD
EGYPTIAN PERIOD
GREEK PERIOD
Chief building materials: - Marble - other stones
GREEK PERIOD
ROMAN PERIOD
Chief building material:
- Concrete
ROMAN PERIOD
ROMAN PERIOD
ROMAN PERIOD
ROMAN PERIOD
ROMAN PERIOD
EARLY CHRISTIAN PERIOD
The ruins of the Roman buildings provided quarry where materials were obtained. This influence the style of construction, decoration for columns, & other architectural features as well as fine sculpture & mosaic from older bldg w/c were turn into basilican churches of the new faith
A - AtriumB - NarthexC - NaveD - TranseptE - Apse
EARLY CHRISTIAN PERIOD
GOTHIC PERIOD
GOTHIC PERIOD
GOTHIC PERIOD
GOTHIC PERIOD
RENAISSANCE PERIOD
RENAISSANCE PERIOD
Chief building material:
- Concrete - Steel - Glass
PERIOD OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
CONCRETE DEVELOPMENT:
1756 - British Engineer, John Smeaton made the first modern concrete (hydraulic cement) by adding pebbles as a course aggregate & mixing powered brick into the cement
1824 - Joseph Aspdin invented Portland Cement
1849 - Joseph Monier invented Reinforced Concrete, and patented in 1867
PERIOD OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
MODERN PERIOD
MODERN PERIOD
MODERN PERIOD