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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- log: K:\Exports\Malawi to Mauritious.log opened on: 1 Aug 2006, 22:15:39 . *Dropping Malawi . drop if ccode==164540 (10 observations deleted) . . . *Descriptive stats after dropping . tabstat rimp immig gdp gdpau gdpdefnew gdpdfau pop popau xrate1 remote dist op > en english gdpdfrationew white whitemg, stat(n mean sd median min max) col(sta > t) variable | N mean sd p50 min max -------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 1000 491103.5 1561212 7681.5 0 1.39e+07 immig | 1000 33457.95 117039.7 2986.5 0 1137050 gdp | 1000 2.79e+11 9.69e+11 1.74e+10 1.92e+08 8.99e+12 gdpau | 1000 3.83e+11 4.44e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 1000 105.9183 16.68945 103.0725 64.27792 207.3465 gdpdfau | 1000 100.7173 4.633489 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 1000 4.95e+07 1.54e+08 1.04e+07 41000 1.26e+09 popau | 1000 1.82e+07 612793.8 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 1000 1043.015 10901.72 16.0586 .0068 270182.6 remote | 1000 6706.441 4134.082 6764 1293 39620 dist | 1000 13391.13 3525.827 14305 2409 17972 open | 1000 .706737 .3895353 .63155 .0671 3.2192 english | 1000 .37 .4830459 0 0 1 gdpdfratio~w | 1000 1.054711 .1791895 1.019883 .5844526 2.009028 white | 1000 .13 .3364717 0 0 1 whitemg | 1000 20501.65 116468.1 0 0 1137050 --------------------------------------------------------------------------

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Page 1: btadesse/Research/Research Interest_files... · Web viewlog: K:\Exports\Malawi to Mauritious.log opened on: 1 Aug 2006, 22:15:39. *Dropping Malawi. drop if ccode==164540 (10 observations

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- log: K:\Exports\Malawi to Mauritious.logopened on: 1 Aug 2006, 22:15:39

. *Dropping Malawi

. drop if ccode==164540(10 observations deleted)

.

.

. *Descriptive stats after dropping

. tabstat rimp immig gdp gdpau gdpdefnew gdpdfau pop popau xrate1 remote dist op> en english gdpdfrationew white whitemg, stat(n mean sd median min max) col(sta> t)

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 1000 491103.5 1561212 7681.5 0 1.39e+07 immig | 1000 33457.95 117039.7 2986.5 0 1137050 gdp | 1000 2.79e+11 9.69e+11 1.74e+10 1.92e+08 8.99e+12 gdpau | 1000 3.83e+11 4.44e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 1000 105.9183 16.68945 103.0725 64.27792 207.3465 gdpdfau | 1000 100.7173 4.633489 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 1000 4.95e+07 1.54e+08 1.04e+07 41000 1.26e+09 popau | 1000 1.82e+07 612793.8 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 1000 1043.015 10901.72 16.0586 .0068 270182.6 remote | 1000 6706.441 4134.082 6764 1293 39620 dist | 1000 13391.13 3525.827 14305 2409 17972 open | 1000 .706737 .3895353 .63155 .0671 3.2192 english | 1000 .37 .4830459 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 1000 1.054711 .1791895 1.019883 .5844526 2.009028 white | 1000 .13 .3364717 0 0 1 whitemg | 1000 20501.65 116468.1 0 0 1137050--------------------------------------------------------------------------

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. sort white

. *IIIB. Descriptives Original Unites(sub sample for "white" and "non-white" cou> ntries)--RHS Variables:. by white: tabstat rimp immig gdp gdpau gdpdefnew gdpdfau pop popau xrate1 remo> te dist phone open english gdpdfrationew white whitemg, stat(n mean sd median > min max) col(stat)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------> white = 0

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 870 404838.7 1597603 3126 0 1.39e+07 immig | 870 14892.29 27127.62 1606 0 158613 gdp | 870 2.37e+11 1.00e+12 1.09e+10 1.92e+08 8.99e+12 gdpau | 870 3.83e+11 4.44e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 870 105.0786 17.03182 101.7941 64.27792 207.3465 gdpdfau | 870 100.7173 4.633836 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 870 5.34e+07 1.65e+08 1.07e+07 41000 1.26e+09 popau | 870 1.82e+07 612839.6 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 870 1182.874 11681.75 22.864 .0068 270182.6 remote | 870 7127.895 4106.347 6927 1293 39620 dist | 870 13224.75 3415.364 14051 2410 17972 phone | 870 159.3154 241.8485 49.865 .54 1449.75 open | 870 .7139293 .4110394 .6248 .0671 3.2192 english | 870 .3793103 .4854945 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 870 1.046603 .1839615 1 .5844526 2.009028 white | 870 0 0 0 0 0 whitemg | 870 0 0 0 0 0--------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------> white = 1

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 130 1068414 1138347 522863.5 40432 3843839 immig | 130 157705 288518.8 21174 2612 1137050 gdp | 130 5.56e+11 6.58e+11 2.54e+11 5.15e+10 2.69e+12 gdpau | 130 3.83e+11 4.46e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 130 111.5379 12.89742 112.2247 85.45601 143.9587 gdpdfau | 130 100.7173 4.649088 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 130 2.34e+07 2.55e+07 8837000 3477200 8.22e+07 popau | 130 1.82e+07 614856.7 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 130 107.0323 293.6987 4.4722 .3774 1261.556 remote | 130 3885.938 3089.96 2888 1530 12501 dist | 130 14504.62 4031.974 15931 2409 17493 phone | 130 734.716 269.9717 652.085 343.99 1487.08 open | 130 .6586038 .1850905 .64065 .3517 1.2967 english | 130 .3076923 .4633239 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 130 1.108974 .1314272 1.116445 .8254872 1.441221 white | 130 1 0 1 1 1 whitemg | 130 157705 288518.8 21174 2612 1137050--------------------------------------------------------------------------

.

.

. **Regression of Exports

. tsset ccode year panel variable: ccode, 117100 to 725980 time variable: year, 1991 to 2000

.

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. **I. Aggregate Exorts

. xtgls lrexp limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremo> te ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 6832.56Log likelihood = -996.4144 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrexp | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .5501081 .0356942 15.41 0.000 .4801487 .6200675 lgdp | 1.037469 .035647 29.10 0.000 .9676018 1.107335 lgdpau | -3.357424 .8912642 -3.77 0.000 -5.10427 -1.610578lgdpdfrati~w | -1.800557 .3479223 -5.18 0.000 -2.482472 -1.118642 lpopau | 5.141204 3.109309 1.65 0.098 -.9529301 11.23534 lpop | .0048991 .0408363 0.12 0.905 -.0751386 .0849368 lxrate1 | -.0089494 .015216 -0.59 0.556 -.0387723 .0208734 lremote | .0790608 .0934145 0.85 0.397 -.1040283 .2621499 ldist | -1.532103 .158634 -9.66 0.000 -1.84302 -1.221186 lopen | .8647532 .0846035 10.22 0.000 .6989333 1.030573 english | .2263817 .0958821 2.36 0.018 .0384563 .4143072 white | 3.209618 .5620507 5.71 0.000 2.108019 4.311218 lwhitemg | -.3939528 .0502965 -7.83 0.000 -.4925321 -.2953735 _cons | -.569841 28.93292 -0.02 0.984 -57.27731 56.13763------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001274 lgdp | -.000657 .001271 lgdpau | -.002886 .002513 .794352lgdpdfrati~w | .000757 -.000953 -.028075 .12105 lpopau | .011205 -.010849 -2.72413 .152876 9.6678 lpop | .000087 -.000743 .000442 -.000249 -.004026 .001668 lxrate1 | .000032 .000164 -.000136 .000095 .000147 -.000042 .000232 lremote | -.000285 .001179 .004602 -.00367 -.026939 -.000212 .000067 ldist | .003289 -.001655 -.005791 .002747 .012343 .001568 .000824 lopen | -.000553 .000387 .011741 -.002396 -.063809 .000645 -.000098 english | -.000728 .00143 -.003086 .001378 .019342 -.00074 .000457 white | .007001 -.001261 -.011565 -.011136 .028184 .008849 .002069 lwhitemg | -.000776 .000141 .001209 .000614 -.003217 -.000775 -.000187 _cons | -.136674 .106645 24.3657 -1.90453 -88.823 .032947 -.011824

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .008726 ldist | .003394 .025165 lopen | .002709 .000827 .007158 english | -.000026 .000792 -.003371 .009193 white | .015867 .029987 -.003518 .006488 .315901 lwhitemg | -.000993 -.003031 .000323 -.000333 -.027743 .00253 _cons | .200472 -.338618 .71494 -.273965 -.773189 .076202 837.114

.

. **II. Conservative Estimates

. *2.1. Aggregate reference priced Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrrefp_cx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l

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> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 6754.13Log likelihood = -1433.078 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_cx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3366194 .0460722 7.31 0.000 .2463195 .4269192 lgdp | 1.064962 .0664031 16.04 0.000 .9348144 1.19511 lgdpau | -.1973744 .5405384 -0.37 0.715 -1.25681 .8620614lgdpdfrati~w | -.3069625 .3060897 -1.00 0.316 -.9068873 .2929623 lpopau | 2.38964 1.938027 1.23 0.218 -1.408823 6.188102 lpop | .0761789 .0918676 0.83 0.407 -.1038783 .256236 lxrate1 | -.0385914 .0304945 -1.27 0.206 -.0983596 .0211768 lremote | -.2904563 .1689403 -1.72 0.086 -.6215731 .0406605 ldist | -3.167127 .3846466 -8.23 0.000 -3.921021 -2.413234 lopen | -.067304 .056336 -1.19 0.232 -.1777206 .0431125 english | .6431623 .1796528 3.58 0.000 .2910493 .9952753 white | 7.942285 1.060148 7.49 0.000 5.864434 10.02014 lwhitemg | -.8579659 .1128081 -7.61 0.000 -1.079066 -.6368662 _cons | -24.17763 19.34117 -1.25 0.211 -62.08563 13.73038------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002123 lgdp | -.00159 .004409 lgdpau | .001233 -.001059 .292182lgdpdfrati~w | -.001802 .003078 -.026609 .093691 lpopau | -.006148 .003317 -1.00995 .118268 3.75595 lpop | -.00012 -.004563 .002988 -.001336 -.017422 .00844 lxrate1 | .000152 .000377 .000748 .002591 -.006949 -.00055 .00093 lremote | .000118 .000194 -.022111 .003134 .092961 -.003395 .000589 ldist | .009083 -.010505 .004484 .002339 -.036077 .005334 .002247 lopen | .000038 -.000149 .002364 .001256 -.011558 .001032 -.000348 english | -.001125 -.001195 .005804 .004006 -.043069 .00284 .001594 white | .010883 -.024531 .020751 -.002753 -.151249 .030034 .001961 lwhitemg | -.001564 .001914 -.004571 .000486 .023398 -.001909 -.000171 _cons | .010028 .04731 9.23799 -1.45967 -36.1627 .163982 .062438

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .028541 ldist | .003095 .147953 lopen | -.001683 .000989 .003174 english | -.005047 .000104 -.000783 .032275 white | -.011508 .057417 .002266 .037198 1.12391 lwhitemg | .004198 -.007194 -.000546 -.001678 -.11438 .012726 _cons | -1.20077 -.862649 .124028 .570844 1.52022 -.241135 374.081

.

.

. *2.2. Aggregate Differentiated Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrdiff_cx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

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Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 3441.37Log likelihood = -1542.725 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_cx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4595461 .0536841 8.56 0.000 .3543271 .564765 lgdp | 1.075047 .0634971 16.93 0.000 .9505955 1.199499 lgdpau | 2.393937 2.03313 1.18 0.239 -1.590925 6.3788lgdpdfrati~w | -2.269648 .8199738 -2.77 0.006 -3.876767 -.6625286 lpopau | -8.73517 6.999696 -1.25 0.212 -22.45432 4.983982 lpop | -.1574836 .0799101 -1.97 0.049 -.3141046 -.0008626 lxrate1 | -.0705904 .0278517 -2.53 0.011 -.1251787 -.016002 lremote | .0471325 .1994951 0.24 0.813 -.3438706 .4381356 ldist | -2.247118 .2349029 -9.57 0.000 -2.707519 -1.786716 lopen | .0990483 .091552 1.08 0.279 -.0803904 .278487 english | .7123686 .1822486 3.91 0.000 .3551678 1.069569 white | 2.750378 1.152975 2.39 0.017 .4905883 5.010167 lwhitemg | -.2655313 .1043033 -2.55 0.011 -.469962 -.0611007 _cons | 85.86347 64.42368 1.33 0.183 -40.40462 212.1316------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------

limmig | .002882 lgdp | -.002006 .004032 lgdpau | -.002761 .005587 4.13362lgdpdfrati~w | -.003518 .001614 -.203372 .672357 lpopau | .009298 -.027435 -14.0185 .954523 48.9957 lpop | .000241 -.003446 -.000911 .00117 .00619 .006386 lxrate1 | .000191 .000483 .000838 -.000439 -.006903 -.000836 .000776 lremote | .004102 -.002419 .002975 -.007658 -.030588 -.000277 .000935 ldist | .006509 -.006074 -.006827 .011558 .016565 .002943 .002768 lopen | -.000388 .000745 .015059 .002846 -.077939 .0012 -.000127 english | -.003048 .002239 -.000168 .010327 .010776 -.003079 .001249 white | .020064 -.019157 .039574 -.126186 -.181396 .00979 .002616 lwhitemg | -.001803 .001248 -.003336 .010777 .015002 -.00018 -.000165 _cons | -.153792 .359516 124.277 -11.2878 -445.647 -.126094 .05641

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .039798 ldist | .021456 .055179 lopen | .004179 .000737 .008382 english | -.014253 .002914 -.003378 .033215 white | .078735 .030987 -.002576 -.014621 1.32935 lwhitemg | -.004645 -.000604 .000379 .001345 -.116947 .010879 _cons | -.077916 -.779963 .826424 -.088199 1.24302 -.13814 4150.41

.

. *2.3. Aggregate Homogenous Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrhomo_cx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedastic

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Correlation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1223.60Log likelihood = -1638.99 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_cx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .624133 .0644632 9.68 0.000 .4977875 .7504786 lgdp | .6522372 .1080363 6.04 0.000 .44049 .8639844 lgdpau | 1.127563 1.777504 0.63 0.526 -2.356281 4.611407lgdpdfrati~w | -.0997531 .6509429 -0.15 0.878 -1.375578 1.176072 lpopau | -9.899042 6.09028 -1.63 0.104 -21.83577 2.037686 lpop | .1717048 .1088738 1.58 0.115 -.041684 .3850936 lxrate1 | .0667734 .0439191 1.52 0.128 -.0193065 .1528533 lremote | -1.002906 .3044625 -3.29 0.001 -1.599641 -.4061703 ldist | -.9656682 .5861944 -1.65 0.099 -2.114588 .1832518 lopen | .2342242 .1113739 2.10 0.035 .0159353 .452513 english | .3630958 .3197873 1.14 0.256 -.2636758 .9898674 white | 12.56839 2.900066 4.33 0.000 6.884368 18.25242 lwhitemg | -1.431809 .2975573 -4.81 0.000 -2.015011 -.8486074 _cons | 136.5171 56.93015 2.40 0.016 24.9361 248.0982------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .004156 lgdp | -.004627 .011672 lgdpau | .002407 -.003873 3.15952lgdpdfrati~w | -.006834 .012946 -.086876 .423727 lpopau | -.014455 .001776 -10.5632 .452199 37.0915 lpop | .000707 -.006566 -.00138 -.003209 .006055 .011854 lxrate1 | -.000126 .001464 .003326 .003856 -.025146 -.001458 .001929 lremote | .001936 .007119 -.05216 .007028 .143509 -.006213 -.00029 ldist | .021378 -.016609 -.00759 -.011376 -.070229 .012426 .001956 lopen | -.000998 .001209 -.016793 .004414 .029439 .001674 .000317 english | -.004536 .005812 .023353 .016428 -.107076 .00517 .004225 white | .016961 -.038395 .157701 -.031833 -.728308 .039263 .003081 lwhitemg | -.001721 .002625 -.018962 .002187 .086198 -.003153 -.000311 _cons | .033752 .017974 93.0199 -5.84108 -339.34 -.163997 .2944

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .092697 ldist | .049575 .343624 lopen | .002851 -.00425 .012404 english | -.024699 -.000711 -.001999 .102264 white | .001114 .016443 -.006085 .117792 8.41038 lwhitemg | .00411 -.003109 .000694 -.012967 -.851294 .08854 _cons | -2.36027 -2.27514 -.075251 1.14606 7.9278 -.938495 3241.04

.

. **III. Liberal Estimates

. *3.1. Aggregate reference priced Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrrefp_lx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000

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Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1975.93Log likelihood = -1477.865 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_lx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3117521 .0472362 6.60 0.000 .219171 .4043333 lgdp | 1.055993 .0862522 12.24 0.000 .8869416 1.225044 lgdpau | .1494403 .5514849 0.27 0.786 -.9314501 1.230331lgdpdfrati~w | -.3131954 .3187099 -0.98 0.326 -.9378552 .3114645 lpopau | -3.953996 1.952945 -2.02 0.043 -7.781697 -.126295 lpop | .0472832 .099195 0.48 0.634 -.1471354 .2417017 lxrate1 | .0192069 .0319255 0.60 0.547 -.0433659 .0817796 lremote | -.2404698 .1619101 -1.49 0.137 -.5578079 .0768682 ldist | -2.449094 .4595344 -5.33 0.000 -3.349765 -1.548423 lopen | -.0310078 .0587299 -0.53 0.598 -.1461164 .0841007 english | 1.137245 .2449884 4.64 0.000 .6570765 1.617413 white | 10.84396 2.056312 5.27 0.000 6.813658 14.87425 lwhitemg | -1.099681 .2014159 -5.46 0.000 -1.494449 -.7049129 _cons | 65.05351 19.45389 3.34 0.001 26.92459 103.1824------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002231 lgdp | -.00259 .007439 lgdpau | .001507 -.002943 .304136lgdpdfrati~w | -.001945 .00359 -.030704 .101576 lpopau | -.008265 .010723 -1.0443 .148734 3.81399 lpop | .000854 -.006084 .00347 -.002494 -.02033 .00984 lxrate1 | .000084 .000272 .001779 .002048 -.008973 -.000523 .001019 lremote | .000436 .000913 -.021053 .004058 .080533 -.003459 .000022 ldist | .006323 -.00846 .000065 .002261 -.026487 .008509 .002746 lopen | .000075 -.000387 .001824 .001933 -.008659 .001185 -.000368 english | -.002117 .002717 .007523 .005543 -.029936 -.000305 .002665 white | .01063 -.028848 .024906 .002485 -.134421 .027164 .012945 lwhitemg | -.001181 .001875 -.003928 .000117 .019033 -.00157 -.001155 _cons | .068806 -.092967 9.55784 -1.8678 -36.3375 .178412 .070425

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .026215 ldist | .009772 .211172 lopen | -.001098 -.000821 .003449 english | -.005997 .030703 -.001569 .060019 white | .032444 -.14536 -.005185 .016116 4.22842 lwhitemg | -.00106 .015689 .000302 -.000127 -.409739 .040568 _cons | -1.07946 -1.66865 .104952 -.023243 2.78101 -.360205 378.454

.

. *3.2. Aggregate Differentiated Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrdiff_lx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 3147.17Log likelihood = -1560.44 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

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------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_lx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4198178 .0571273 7.35 0.000 .3078504 .5317852 lgdp | 1.178525 .0706722 16.68 0.000 1.04001 1.31704 lgdpau | 2.146646 2.116343 1.01 0.310 -2.00131 6.294602lgdpdfrati~w | -2.438492 .8237506 -2.96 0.003 -4.053013 -.8239702 lpopau | -8.180558 7.284106 -1.12 0.261 -22.45714 6.096028 lpop | -.266785 .0818213 -3.26 0.001 -.4271518 -.1064182 lxrate1 | -.0328238 .0281709 -1.17 0.244 -.0880378 .0223902 lremote | .1810097 .1955155 0.93 0.355 -.2021936 .5642129 ldist | -2.196035 .2354441 -9.33 0.000 -2.657497 -1.734573 lopen | .1289859 .1004287 1.28 0.199 -.0678508 .3258227 english | .8458748 .1988892 4.25 0.000 .4560591 1.23569 white | 2.991603 1.165549 2.57 0.010 .707168 5.276037 lwhitemg | -.2766012 .1058968 -2.61 0.009 -.4841551 -.0690473 _cons | 81.04147 67.03933 1.21 0.227 -50.3532 212.4361------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .003264 lgdp | -.002642 .004995 lgdpau | -.003598 .006559 4.47891lgdpdfrati~w | -.003843 .002779 -.212398 .678565 lpopau | .013198 -.032609 -15.1821 .967039 53.0582 lpop | .000953 -.004204 -.001234 -.001022 .007816 .006695 lxrate1 | .000017 .000683 .000824 .000495 -.00744 -.00102 .000794 lremote | .003726 -.002289 .000747 -.006043 -.023099 .001113 .000604 ldist | .006717 -.006059 -.008609 .012003 .021126 .003374 .002178 lopen | -.000511 .000791 .01579 .003291 -.085682 .001614 -.000185 english | -.004743 .00459 .002252 .013543 -.001728 -.004796 .001609 white | .019156 -.020493 .034293 -.121614 -.144025 .012358 .000268 lwhitemg | -.001758 .001391 -.002942 .010591 .011826 -.000379 .000047 _cons | -.192914 .410095 134.555 -11.2751 -482.583 -.149161 .072604

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .038226 ldist | .02184 .055434 lopen | .004586 .000733 .010086 english | -.014989 .001885 -.003718 .039557 white | .074699 .008307 -.003752 -.024729 1.35851 lwhitemg | -.004477 .001538 .000522 .002425 -.12015 .011214 _cons | -.156533 -.820709 .926742 .048899 1.01255 -.118706 4494.27

.

. *3.3. Aggregate Homogenous Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrhomo_lx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 2881.02Log likelihood = -1523.981 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_lx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------

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limmig | .5426647 .0448596 12.10 0.000 .4547414 .6305879 lgdp | 1.082167 .0701931 15.42 0.000 .9445911 1.219743 lgdpau | -.4072227 .6826215 -0.60 0.551 -1.745136 .9306909lgdpdfrati~w | -.5039888 .4821791 -1.05 0.296 -1.449043 .4410648 lpopau | 2.186088 2.447656 0.89 0.372 -2.61123 6.983407 lpop | -.1298918 .0834965 -1.56 0.120 -.2935418 .0337583 lxrate1 | -.0374525 .0304472 -1.23 0.219 -.097128 .022223 lremote | -.7631732 .1946015 -3.92 0.000 -1.144585 -.3817613 ldist | -2.056139 .3189293 -6.45 0.000 -2.681229 -1.431049 lopen | .0420986 .0724572 0.58 0.561 -.0999149 .184112 english | .8447813 .2328935 3.63 0.000 .3883185 1.301244 white | 5.997696 2.066187 2.90 0.004 1.948043 10.04735 lwhitemg | -.8115792 .2111671 -3.84 0.000 -1.225459 -.3976993 _cons | -19.39133 24.50478 -0.79 0.429 -67.41983 28.63716------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002012 lgdp | -.001943 .004927 lgdpau | .000278 -.003455 .465972lgdpdfrati~w | -.003495 .004178 -.058947 .232497 lpopau | -.000949 .006158 -1.61083 .304208 5.99102 lpop | .000096 -.00341 .003997 .000534 -.020564 .006972 lxrate1 | -.000339 .000745 .001294 .00279 -.009992 -.000363 .000927 lremote | .001463 .0016 -.028509 .002521 .121724 -.004356 .000192 ldist | .007084 -.009553 -.002308 -.000299 -.011541 .010441 .000674 lopen | .000099 -.000845 .000013 .005131 -.005479 .001752 -.000311 english | -.001155 .000973 .01567 .007059 -.097303 .003315 .002862 white | .008327 -.012864 .035782 -.010943 -.237022 .019432 .006262 lwhitemg | -.000779 .000838 -.004647 .001517 .028093 -.001559 -.000451 _cons | -.037364 .01125 14.8376 -3.86016 -58.1815 .14309 .107875

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .03787 ldist | .014149 .101716 lopen | -.002089 .001318 .00525 english | -.013632 .016142 -.001238 .054239 white | .00948 .061006 -.002393 .067911 4.26913 lwhitemg | .001415 -.004803 .000117 -.006693 -.430414 .044592 _cons | -1.71541 -.835249 .08632 1.07234 2.22769 -.29823 600.484

.

. *IV. Aggregate NON-Manufacturing Imports (Sum of Sitc0,1,2,3,4)

. xtgls lrxnmf limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremo> te ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 653.19Log likelihood = -1157.143 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxnmf | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4519503 .0646085 7.00 0.000 .32532 .5785807 lgdp | .3760521 .111462 3.37 0.001 .1575906 .5945136 lgdpau | -3.193859 1.365394 -2.34 0.019 -5.869983 -.5177358lgdpdfrati~w | -1.752344 .6230209 -2.81 0.005 -2.973443 -.5312457

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lpopau | 12.797 4.672476 2.74 0.006 3.639117 21.95489 lpop | .1205374 .1102015 1.09 0.274 -.0954535 .3365283 lxrate1 | -.1087883 .0394622 -2.76 0.006 -.1861328 -.0314439 lremote | -.1311055 .3139093 -0.42 0.676 -.7463563 .4841454 ldist | -1.74775 .3814024 -4.58 0.000 -2.495285 -1.000215 lopen | -.1224734 .1428249 -0.86 0.391 -.4024051 .1574582 english | .7404539 .2485264 2.98 0.003 .2533511 1.227557 white | 12.43227 1.405162 8.85 0.000 9.678203 15.18634 lwhitemg | -1.346399 .1179021 -11.42 0.000 -1.577483 -1.115315 _cons | -115.6115 43.47241 -2.66 0.008 -200.8158 -30.4071------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .004174 lgdp | -.003945 .012424 lgdpau | -.004737 .007124 1.8643lgdpdfrati~w | -.003249 .003335 .038762 .388155 lpopau | .016553 -.041353 -6.21138 .023126 21.832 lpop | .000194 -.007469 -.000123 -.000622 .001842 .012144 lxrate1 | -.000332 .002035 .000903 .001016 -.008374 -.002144 .001557 lremote | .002811 .000939 -.033144 -.056823 .022872 -.002587 .000952 ldist | .01424 -.011623 -.019714 -.012788 .030259 .008726 .000187 lopen | .000368 -.000485 .009314 .000332 -.077973 .004139 -.000638 english | -.005328 .008046 .009891 .015964 -.022486 -.002821 .003263 white | .020125 -.044832 -.013075 -.061648 .059906 .048675 -.006927 lwhitemg | -.002105 .002556 -.002073 .000257 .001832 -.003516 .000678 _cons | -.244811 .449751 54.4352 -1.24088 -199.044 -.10064 .087148

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .098539 ldist | .02717 .145468 lopen | .007307 .004629 .020399 english | -.017081 -.00367 -.00918 .061765 white | .035237 .134673 -.005987 .076662 1.97448 lwhitemg | .005168 -.014304 .000584 -.00791 -.15499 .013901 _cons | -.564723 -1.55102 .905212 .134201 -2.10101 .128536 1889.85

.

. *V. Aggregate Manufacturing Imports (Sum of Sitc5,6,7,8,9)

. xtgls lrxmfn limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremot> e ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1209.50Log likelihood = -954.5489 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxmfn | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2486412 .0426232 5.83 0.000 .1651012 .3321813 lgdp | .3223225 .090974 3.54 0.000 .1440167 .5006282 lgdpau | -2.558715 1.112289 -2.30 0.021 -4.738761 -.378668lgdpdfrati~w | -4.500061 .4622499 -9.74 0.000 -5.406055 -3.594068 lpopau | 9.901217 3.843114 2.58 0.010 2.368852 17.43358 lpop | .1562315 .0711564 2.20 0.028 .0167676 .2956955 lxrate1 | -.0784694 .0275852 -2.84 0.004 -.1325354 -.0244034 lremote | .5269277 .1641135 3.21 0.001 .2052712 .8485842

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ldist | -2.324058 .2285438 -10.17 0.000 -2.771996 -1.876121 lopen | -.0802055 .0522161 -1.54 0.125 -.1825473 .0221362 english | .4625345 .1566486 2.95 0.003 .1555089 .76956 white | 9.350061 .8076105 11.58 0.000 7.767174 10.93295 lwhitemg | -.8415842 .0719007 -11.70 0.000 -.982507 -.7006615 _cons | -78.67992 35.73532 -2.20 0.028 -148.7199 -8.639976------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001817 lgdp | -.00268 .008276 lgdpau | -.002689 .006137 1.23719lgdpdfrati~w | -.002273 .005097 -.045391 .213675 lpopau | .012194 -.03256 -4.19621 .22341 14.7695 lpop | .001831 -.005726 -.002796 -.003502 .014272 .005063 lxrate1 | -.000156 .001163 .000888 .000728 -.006839 -.000894 .000761 lremote | .001627 -.00347 -.00384 -.011958 -.006323 .003872 -.000231 ldist | .005476 -.009015 -.011841 -.008104 .052223 .00758 -.000696 lopen | -.000103 .000109 .004724 .001955 -.022943 .000727 -.000084 english | -.002315 .003972 .001748 .003879 -.00257 -.001551 .000358 white | .01605 -.031014 -.024397 -.029301 .08682 .03161 -.005333 lwhitemg | -.001245 .0013 .001119 .000463 -.004263 -.001784 .000313 _cons | -.175472 .405589 37.2715 -2.60507 -135.223 -.22437 .084528

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .026933 ldist | .017175 .052232 lopen | .000637 .000401 .002727 english | -.002606 .007841 -.000491 .024539 white | .057972 .075749 .002517 .00006 .652235 lwhitemg | -.002656 -.005372 -.000315 .000085 -.05428 .00517 _cons | -.173028 -1.14682 .234677 -.122259 -1.89749 .122163 1277.01

.

.

. **VI. SITC-1 Digit Level Disaggregate Imports

. xtgls lrxsitc0 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 744.04Log likelihood = -1419.912 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc0 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .362604 .0882572 4.11 0.000 .1896231 .5355849 lgdp | .2376926 .1441901 1.65 0.099 -.0449149 .5203 lgdpau | -1.309483 1.543793 -0.85 0.396 -4.335262 1.716295lgdpdfrati~w | -1.385771 .7138352 -1.94 0.052 -2.784862 .0133206 lpopau | 10.47757 5.253095 1.99 0.046 .1816932 20.77345 lpop | .0675215 .1375776 0.49 0.624 -.2021257 .3371687 lxrate1 | -.1137765 .0484919 -2.35 0.019 -.2088189 -.018734 lremote | .4294599 .283204 1.52 0.129 -.1256097 .9845295 ldist | -1.99679 .4420361 -4.52 0.000 -2.863165 -1.130415 lopen | -.2850674 .1693111 -1.68 0.092 -.6169109 .0467762 english | 1.662917 .3122348 5.33 0.000 1.050949 2.274886 white | 20.38636 1.851993 11.01 0.000 16.75652 24.0162

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lwhitemg | -1.949501 .175726 -11.09 0.000 -2.293917 -1.605084 _cons | -127.1467 48.70401 -2.61 0.009 -222.6048 -31.68855------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .007789 lgdp | -.009819 .020791 lgdpau | -.009968 .011633 2.3833lgdpdfrati~w | -.003974 .000605 .122182 .509561 lpopau | .030603 -.034607 -7.88579 -.19206 27.595 lpop | .003288 -.012685 -.001218 -.000065 -.016457 .018928 lxrate1 | .000448 .001349 .000531 .00102 .000273 -.002387 .002351 lremote | .00421 -.000731 -.039992 -.056983 -.002871 .001253 -.001737 ldist | .020167 -.024555 -.04517 -.034701 .068034 .022369 .000648 lopen | -.000485 -.000714 .011565 -.003464 -.103889 .007134 -.001114 english | -.010984 .008763 .011952 .004771 -.055453 .004059 .002749 white | .036613 -.081086 -.020613 -.07355 .007129 .08387 -.000662 lwhitemg | -.00321 .005527 -.00158 .002442 -.001389 -.006098 -.000162 _cons | -.34524 .286873 68.7492 .275568 -250.614 .062284 -.016433

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .080204 ldist | .054112 .195396 lopen | .012499 .006752 .028666 english | -.004913 .010814 -.005842 .097491 white | .06256 .173352 .003883 .11102 3.42988 lwhitemg | -.000675 -.012949 .000394 -.007477 -.316665 .03088 _cons | -.064112 -2.15891 1.18189 .299774 -1.45212 .186336 2372.08

. xtgls lrxsitc1 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 916.36Log likelihood = -237.8265 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc1 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | -.0024483 .0148196 -0.17 0.869 -.0314942 .0265976 lgdp | .0415985 .0393767 1.06 0.291 -.0355785 .1187754 lgdpau | .0350898 .2698448 0.13 0.897 -.4937963 .5639758lgdpdfrati~w | -.194494 .1498826 -1.30 0.194 -.4882585 .0992705 lpopau | 3.088306 .974565 3.17 0.002 1.178194 4.998418 lpop | .2357183 .0481014 4.90 0.000 .1414413 .3299954 lxrate1 | -.0379801 .0133349 -2.85 0.004 -.064116 -.0118442 lremote | -.0369018 .09588 -0.38 0.700 -.2248232 .1510196 ldist | -3.446865 .3324341 -10.37 0.000 -4.098423 -2.795306 lopen | -.0381249 .0260312 -1.46 0.143 -.0891451 .0128953 english | 1.394672 .1513233 9.22 0.000 1.098083 1.69126 white | 19.88843 1.290459 15.41 0.000 17.35918 22.41769 lwhitemg | -1.604417 .1222762 -13.12 0.000 -1.844074 -1.36476 _cons | -22.60302 10.82873 -2.09 0.037 -43.82694 -1.379094------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1

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-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .00022 lgdp | -.000128 .001551 lgdpau | .000225 -.000762 .072816lgdpdfrati~w | -.000216 .000414 -.005717 .022465 lpopau | -.001032 .003902 -.248622 .028758 .949777 lpop | -.000084 -.001212 -8.6e-06 -.000041 -.002978 .002314 lxrate1 | .000017 -.000012 .00036 .000314 -.003076 .00004 .000178 lremote | .000198 .000732 -.005841 -.000343 .017285 -.000109 .00007 ldist | .001081 .002277 -.006919 .000324 .025734 -.000338 -.000346 lopen | .000027 -.00008 .000095 -.000046 -.001999 .00011 -5.0e-06 english | -.000282 .000452 -.001145 -.000308 .010982 .001241 -.00002 white | .000615 -.005849 .000813 -.003385 -.02782 .010224 .000479 lwhitemg | -.000099 .000123 -.000247 .000254 .001693 -.000698 -1.5e-06 _cons | .002459 -.088449 2.35251 -.359239 -9.68721 .045283 .042935

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .009193 ldist | .010324 .110512 lopen | -.00001 -.00037 .000678 english | .001416 .020017 -.000345 .022899 white | .00783 .025686 .000015 .032338 1.66528 lwhitemg | -.000393 -.004374 .000043 -.003621 -.153136 .014951 _cons | -.328778 -1.44783 .034664 -.387499 .088421 .032504 117.261

. xtgls lrxsitc2 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 804.86Log likelihood = -1305.537 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc2 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2287128 .0577996 3.96 0.000 .1154277 .341998 lgdp | .6656376 .1151353 5.78 0.000 .4399765 .8912986 lgdpau | -5.305291 1.821933 -2.91 0.004 -8.876214 -1.734368lgdpdfrati~w | -.6197755 .819384 -0.76 0.449 -2.225739 .9861876 lpopau | 15.42212 6.31627 2.44 0.015 3.042454 27.80178 lpop | .1865806 .1279761 1.46 0.145 -.064248 .4374092 lxrate1 | -.0615971 .037649 -1.64 0.102 -.1353877 .0121936 lremote | -.7812668 .3341559 -2.34 0.019 -1.4362 -.1263332 ldist | -2.833659 .3968413 -7.14 0.000 -3.611454 -2.055864 lopen | -.1914677 .1820948 -1.05 0.293 -.5483669 .1654316 english | .3586617 .2696859 1.33 0.184 -.1699129 .8872363 white | 11.13847 1.479544 7.53 0.000 8.238619 14.03832 lwhitemg | -1.266147 .1541258 -8.22 0.000 -1.568228 -.9640658 _cons | -96.88922 59.0876 -1.64 0.101 -212.6988 18.92035------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .003341 lgdp | -.004692 .013256 lgdpau | -.003876 .008144 3.31944lgdpdfrati~w | -.005592 .006798 -.066592 .67139 lpopau | .017421 -.0525 -11.2294 .486476 39.8953 lpop | .001755 -.009258 .00288 -.003645 -.019544 .016378

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lxrate1 | -.000527 .001858 .001739 .004333 -.011023 -.001532 .001417 lremote | .004856 -.008699 -.018654 -.058353 .032306 .001467 -.005754 ldist | .014648 -.019466 -.009871 -.03966 -.02347 .012492 -.003206 lopen | -.000246 -.000152 .022127 -.003891 -.176718 .00782 -.00111 english | -.002027 .006122 .003654 .017582 -.015117 -.000692 .003794 white | .028733 -.059738 -.026252 -.034229 .166413 .061433 -.004428 lwhitemg | -.002335 .003367 -.000578 -.001738 -.001671 -.004748 -.000147 _cons | -.303941 .779006 99.3305 -6.21999 -366.673 .072576 .19362

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .11166 ldist | .047122 .157483 lopen | .015967 .011158 .033159 english | -.016326 .015884 -.008045 .07273 white | .061189 .178506 -.007256 .106147 2.18905 lwhitemg | .004658 -.015727 .00144 -.012948 -.21799 .023755 _cons | -1.25038 -1.04798 2.02115 -.018096 -4.09609 .170319 3491.34

. xtgls lrxsitc3 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 286.61Log likelihood = -714.5573 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc3 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0657196 .0440848 1.49 0.136 -.0206851 .1521243 lgdp | .074457 .1099447 0.68 0.498 -.1410307 .2899447 lgdpau | -.0490926 .8508209 -0.06 0.954 -1.716671 1.618486lgdpdfrati~w | .1617488 .3126911 0.52 0.605 -.4511145 .7746122 lpopau | -1.673589 2.922114 -0.57 0.567 -7.400826 4.053649 lpop | .6712003 .1227636 5.47 0.000 .430588 .9118125 lxrate1 | .0296226 .0334811 0.88 0.376 -.0359991 .0952443 lremote | -.2278708 .2875781 -0.79 0.428 -.7915135 .3357719 ldist | -1.983636 .5722298 -3.47 0.001 -3.105185 -.8620859 lopen | .0141124 .0619715 0.23 0.820 -.1073495 .1355744 english | 1.752618 .396291 4.42 0.000 .9759023 2.529334 white | 14.63126 2.450321 5.97 0.000 9.828714 19.4338 lwhitemg | -1.15896 .2233835 -5.19 0.000 -1.596784 -.7211368 _cons | 38.39296 28.11564 1.37 0.172 -16.71267 93.4986------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001943 lgdp | -.001565 .012088 lgdpau | .001566 -.000859 .723896lgdpdfrati~w | -.00169 .002244 -.021783 .097776 lpopau | -.011634 -.006157 -2.418 .083424 8.53875 lpop | .000272 -.009326 -.0017 -.000145 .00606 .015071 lxrate1 | .000136 .000559 .001518 .002052 -.010421 -.000681 .001121 lremote | .001069 .00658 -.041969 -.015163 .130307 -.00494 -.000755 ldist | .007164 -.001189 -.003228 -.003834 -.046379 .00981 .002072 lopen | .000159 -.00078 -.002695 .004745 .005827 .001367 -.000156 english | -.0045 -.008829 .007809 .008072 -.019663 .011739 .001871 white | .005022 -.062801 .04259 -.006222 -.155129 .076435 -.000373 lwhitemg | -.000789 .003249 -.007481 -.000358 .031583 -.005558 -.000055

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_cons | .098473 -.037605 21.5726 -.788063 -78.9078 -.135168 .111283

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .082701 ldist | .025088 .327447 lopen | -.000133 .000015 .00384 english | -.024783 .066312 -.000609 .157047 white | -.031047 .134286 .00535 .225787 6.00407 lwhitemg | .006631 -.017887 -.000357 -.02114 -.526405 .0499 _cons | -2.07738 -2.67004 -.032134 -.310055 .570071 -.193097 790.489

. xtgls lrxsitc4 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 234.68Log likelihood = -799.7046 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc4 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0141973 .0426009 0.33 0.739 -.0692989 .0976936 lgdp | .0456656 .0831059 0.55 0.583 -.1172188 .2085501 lgdpau | .1679341 .7056941 0.24 0.812 -1.215201 1.551069lgdpdfrati~w | -.0828482 .2714766 -0.31 0.760 -.6149327 .4492362 lpopau | -.6262449 2.428528 -0.26 0.797 -5.386072 4.133582 lpop | .5401175 .1045404 5.17 0.000 .3352222 .7450128 lxrate1 | -.0107231 .0217422 -0.49 0.622 -.0533371 .0318909 lremote | .3089971 .2399402 1.29 0.198 -.1612771 .7792712 ldist | -2.651165 .3916782 -6.77 0.000 -3.41884 -1.88349 lopen | .0215734 .0525946 0.41 0.682 -.0815101 .1246569 english | .7915942 .3467001 2.28 0.022 .1120745 1.471114 white | -.1492896 1.787912 -0.08 0.933 -3.653532 3.354953 lwhitemg | .0754261 .1753864 0.43 0.667 -.2683249 .4191771 _cons | 20.45322 23.59565 0.87 0.386 -25.79341 66.69985------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001815 lgdp | -.001302 .006907 lgdpau | -.000683 .000985 .498004lgdpdfrati~w | -.000383 .00019 -.035282 .0737 lpopau | -.003632 -.003351 -1.66139 .121386 5.89775 lpop | -.0001 -.005224 -.000249 -.000436 -.009685 .010929 lxrate1 | .000135 .000066 -.000426 .001392 -.002794 -.000207 .000473 lremote | .002375 .004108 -.027059 -.009871 .083029 -.004268 -.000231 ldist | .004795 -.003628 -.016642 -.003736 .041304 .000993 .000376 lopen | -.000087 .00015 .002514 .000567 -.011302 .000783 -.000063 english | -.00393 -.003034 .001037 .002094 .012299 .001193 .00061 white | .005075 -.032011 -.007717 -.013943 -.055365 .039428 .00176 lwhitemg | -.000608 .001743 -.001734 .000813 .013748 -.002469 -.00014 _cons | .034322 -.03791 14.9121 -1.04057 -55.264 .142161 .054081

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .057571 ldist | .029573 .153412 lopen | .000419 -.000843 .002766

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english | -.012167 .04678 -.0016 .120201 white | .027542 .02728 -.000396 .137196 3.19663 lwhitemg | -.000213 -.001177 .000084 -.01221 -.303962 .03076 _cons | -1.47643 -1.93524 .111666 -.531153 .664757 -.164909 556.755

. xtgls lrxsitc5 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 568.45Log likelihood = -1042.888 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc5 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .111437 .0744572 1.50 0.134 -.0344965 .2573705 lgdp | .599483 .1383813 4.33 0.000 .3282606 .8707054 lgdpau | -.8396942 .9653837 -0.87 0.384 -2.731811 1.052423lgdpdfrati~w | -1.044788 .4331971 -2.41 0.016 -1.893839 -.1957372 lpopau | 7.569885 3.284208 2.30 0.021 1.132955 14.00682 lpop | .2414785 .1240684 1.95 0.052 -.0016911 .484648 lxrate1 | -.1604168 .036684 -4.37 0.000 -.2323162 -.0885173 lremote | .1936236 .2566126 0.75 0.451 -.3093279 .6965751 ldist | -3.145692 .4126491 -7.62 0.000 -3.95447 -2.336915 lopen | .1181233 .0939353 1.26 0.209 -.0659866 .3022332 english | .7514392 .2621432 2.87 0.004 .2376479 1.265231 white | 12.7575 1.960728 6.51 0.000 8.914543 16.60045 lwhitemg | -1.224163 .1844878 -6.64 0.000 -1.585752 -.8625731 _cons | -88.23054 30.87587 -2.86 0.004 -148.7461 -27.71495------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .005544 lgdp | -.006194 .019149 lgdpau | -.004282 .006516 .931966lgdpdfrati~w | -.00044 .000572 .031032 .18766 lpopau | .012687 -.035605 -3.06773 -.010145 10.786 lpop | .001445 -.011968 -.002132 .001028 .009977 .015393 lxrate1 | .000518 .001149 .001323 .000895 -.007892 -.001415 .001346 lremote | .001306 .005437 -.031782 -.029927 .016528 -.005839 .001862 ldist | .013989 -.010169 -.023619 -.005468 .062308 .00145 .000583 lopen | -.00012 .000059 .001813 .003494 -.028399 .00199 -.00049 english | -.00512 .016379 -.000167 -.003 -.00922 -.012367 -.000427 white | .030904 -.054279 -.055343 -.046319 .087074 .046438 -.002864 lwhitemg | -.002769 .002328 .001699 .00097 -.00158 -.002116 .000122 _cons | -.160138 .25183 26.8216 -.553119 -98.6476 -.047364 .062756

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .06585 ldist | .025482 .170279 lopen | .002391 -.000227 .008824 english | .009227 .028433 -.004193 .068719 white | .062131 .103932 -.004738 .038334 3.84445 lwhitemg | -.001082 -.010828 .000331 -.006132 -.349728 .034036 _cons | -.276709 -2.14007 .379397 -.354933 -1.20811 .09508 953.319

. xtgls lrxsitc6 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr

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> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 835.39Log likelihood = -1113.834 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc6 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2685699 .0746405 3.60 0.000 .1222773 .4148625 lgdp | .5224379 .1117931 4.67 0.000 .3033275 .7415483 lgdpau | .3571861 1.229746 0.29 0.771 -2.053071 2.767444lgdpdfrati~w | -1.455101 .5863308 -2.48 0.013 -2.604288 -.3059137 lpopau | 1.606205 4.203818 0.38 0.702 -6.633127 9.845537 lpop | .0794309 .1164936 0.68 0.495 -.1488924 .3077542 lxrate1 | -.0489876 .0390881 -1.25 0.210 -.125599 .0276238 lremote | .3508998 .2934206 1.20 0.232 -.224194 .9259937 ldist | -2.546637 .4321203 -5.89 0.000 -3.393577 -1.699697 lopen | -.0897722 .0924023 -0.97 0.331 -.2708773 .091333 english | 1.352485 .2936324 4.61 0.000 .776976 1.927994 white | 12.19495 1.317756 9.25 0.000 9.612194 14.7777 lwhitemg | -1.196944 .1293241 -9.26 0.000 -1.450414 -.9434731 _cons | -23.68406 39.37601 -0.60 0.548 -100.8596 53.4915------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .005571 lgdp | -.005527 .012498 lgdpau | -.004453 .008041 1.51227lgdpdfrati~w | -.00346 .005589 .025432 .343784 lpopau | .010017 -.030948 -5.02079 .10349 17.6721 lpop | .001365 -.008879 -.004206 -.001914 .01161 .013571 lxrate1 | .000607 .00076 .002367 .000897 -.013976 -.001179 .001528 lremote | .004817 -.003266 -.028352 -.045099 -.005465 -.000245 .001751 ldist | .015105 -.011441 -.026815 -.023991 .051592 .005469 .000384 lopen | -.000324 .000819 .00002 .001406 -.023578 .000978 -.000355 english | -.006059 .010012 .002747 -.000851 .001955 -.005004 -.001206 white | .030312 -.053779 -.0536 -.04054 .107543 .05442 -.001575 lwhitemg | -.002525 .003122 .002138 -.000832 -.006951 -.00369 .000153 _cons | -.164373 .321826 43.994 -2.2029 -161.598 -.14683 .143233

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .086096 ldist | .049098 .186728 lopen | .003948 .001608 .008538 english | .004089 .03834 -.002925 .08622 white | .091937 .129702 -.0075 .036376 1.73648 lwhitemg | -.001994 -.011947 .00046 -.004786 -.162466 .016725 _cons | -.296286 -2.26209 .317414 -.629954 -2.23655 .196925 1550.47

. xtgls lrxsitc7 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

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Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 451.43Log likelihood = -1184.213 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc7 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2084753 .0507038 4.11 0.000 .1090976 .307853 lgdp | .3028789 .1010979 3.00 0.003 .1047306 .5010271 lgdpau | -1.870474 1.195747 -1.56 0.118 -4.214094 .4731469lgdpdfrati~w | -2.077887 .5600993 -3.71 0.000 -3.175662 -.9801128 lpopau | 5.83444 4.077741 1.43 0.152 -2.157787 13.82667 lpop | .1352596 .0742019 1.82 0.068 -.0101734 .2806927 lxrate1 | -.1019988 .0373461 -2.73 0.006 -.1751959 -.0288018 lremote | .9851911 .2473063 3.98 0.000 .5004796 1.469902 ldist | -1.34317 .4027211 -3.34 0.001 -2.132488 -.5538508 lopen | .015377 .1161093 0.13 0.895 -.212193 .2429469 english | .6696173 .1808821 3.70 0.000 .3150948 1.02414 white | 7.715506 1.33763 5.77 0.000 5.0938 10.33721 lwhitemg | -.6285923 .1295388 -4.85 0.000 -.8824836 -.374701 _cons | -45.31529 37.8994 -1.20 0.232 -119.5968 28.96618------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002571 lgdp | -.002458 .010221 lgdpau | -.00351 .005353 1.42981lgdpdfrati~w | -.001072 -.000365 .091366 .313711 lpopau | .013552 -.034599 -4.7567 -.187979 16.628 lpop | .000429 -.00504 -.000646 -.000874 .003029 .005506 lxrate1 | .000238 .001475 .000671 .000511 -.005087 -.001472 .001395 lremote | .000309 .001507 -.029828 -.045581 .051662 .000948 -.000484 ldist | .012167 -.00493 -.0275 -.026925 .049907 .003964 .002188 lopen | -.000151 .000362 .007127 -.000218 -.055743 .002944 -.00043 english | -.003194 .005476 .007403 .00591 -.026601 .000618 .000726 white | .011912 -.027069 -.029342 -.049977 .086549 .026437 -.004867 lwhitemg | -.001377 .00071 -.000427 .000584 .002875 -.001485 .00008 _cons | -.217678 .325042 41.7357 1.07642 -151.222 -.046788 .033445

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .06116 ldist | .038262 .162184 lopen | .004666 .007907 .013481 english | -.006452 -.002865 -.001722 .032718 white | .039249 .097154 .004001 .041183 1.78925 lwhitemg | .001283 -.010553 -.000453 -.004432 -.164238 .01678 _cons | -.974303 -1.98689 .580009 .192359 -1.7751 .069889 1436.36

. xtgls lrxsitc8 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 510.43Log likelihood = -958.981 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

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------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc8 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1394659 .0522793 2.67 0.008 .0370003 .2419314 lgdp | .4441431 .1021362 4.35 0.000 .2439597 .6443264 lgdpau | -1.022856 1.247989 -0.82 0.412 -3.46887 1.423158lgdpdfrati~w | -1.088346 .5246001 -2.07 0.038 -2.116544 -.0601491 lpopau | 3.26922 4.288059 0.76 0.446 -5.135221 11.67366 lpop | .1229571 .1012958 1.21 0.225 -.0755789 .3214931 lxrate1 | -.0515654 .0385826 -1.34 0.181 -.127186 .0240551 lremote | -.7354644 .2998361 -2.45 0.014 -1.323132 -.1477965 ldist | -2.969783 .4334899 -6.85 0.000 -3.819408 -2.120159 lopen | -.0224733 .1037878 -0.22 0.829 -.2258936 .180947 english | .6911325 .2030464 3.40 0.001 .2931688 1.089096 white | 11.34028 1.71441 6.61 0.000 7.980099 14.70046 lwhitemg | -1.116641 .1516464 -7.36 0.000 -1.413862 -.8194194 _cons | -.0238401 40.3281 -0.00 1.000 -79.06547 79.01779------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002733 lgdp | -.002676 .010432 lgdpau | -.003067 .005766 1.55748lgdpdfrati~w | -.001326 .000627 -.021164 .275205 lpopau | .010926 -.02861 -5.22189 .145925 18.3875 lpop | -.00026 -.006365 -.001595 .000377 .005603 .010261 lxrate1 | .000043 .001477 .002408 .00176 -.013167 -.001576 .001489 lremote | .004022 .000194 -.021572 -.034715 .053964 -.002728 -.001076 ldist | .011405 -.009258 -.021478 -.013984 .056242 .00369 -.000825 lopen | -.000153 -.000422 .00419 .005122 -.042293 .002374 -.000094 english | -.002501 .00264 .007814 .00622 -.026531 -.000572 .002196 white | .012834 -.039744 .014153 -.019312 .002291 .041021 -.00559 lwhitemg | -.001054 .001513 -.002851 -.00059 .006302 -.002585 .000323 _cons | -.194549 .285731 46.0847 -1.73008 -168.769 -.075025 .157155

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .089902 ldist | .046026 .187914 lopen | .003089 .001783 .010772 english | -.016354 .007903 -.002106 .041228 white | .031629 .118225 .000732 .04184 2.9392 lwhitemg | .001688 -.010896 .000094 -.003809 -.251046 .022997 _cons | -1.4946 -2.4673 .524976 .236655 -1.64297 .074656 1626.36

. xtgls lrxsitc9 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 803.64Log likelihood = -1560.614 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc9 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4431998 .0685603 6.46 0.000 .308824 .5775755 lgdp | .1261082 .1310632 0.96 0.336 -.1307709 .3829874 lgdpau | -2.566756 1.807278 -1.42 0.156 -6.108955 .9754433lgdpdfrati~w | -1.256759 .5982419 -2.10 0.036 -2.429291 -.0842263

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lpopau | 18.87088 6.168039 3.06 0.002 6.781745 30.96001 lpop | .5479756 .1212162 4.52 0.000 .3103963 .7855549 lxrate1 | -.142251 .0431826 -3.29 0.001 -.2268874 -.0576146 lremote | .4433734 .3215591 1.38 0.168 -.1868709 1.073618 ldist | -1.779806 .4345465 -4.10 0.000 -2.631501 -.9281104 lopen | -.1067809 .143448 -0.74 0.457 -.3879338 .1743721 english | .2998864 .2740928 1.09 0.274 -.2373255 .8370984 white | 17.17995 2.510737 6.84 0.000 12.259 22.10091 lwhitemg | -1.616357 .2421966 -6.67 0.000 -2.091053 -1.14166 _cons | -241.3231 57.16504 -4.22 0.000 -353.3645 -129.2817------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .004701 lgdp | -.00555 .017178 lgdpau | -.006291 .009642 3.26625lgdpdfrati~w | -.002549 .004749 -.056333 .357893 lpopau | .021272 -.04961 -10.9003 .190269 38.0447 lpop | .001828 -.011407 -.00419 -.00289 .013927 .014693 lxrate1 | -.000165 .001862 -.000918 .003865 -.006008 -.001567 .001865 lremote | .005553 -.003734 -.049735 -.019668 .076964 .003336 .000912 ldist | .016131 -.012199 -.034968 -.00354 .100033 .009387 -.001267 lopen | -.000449 -.000503 .0059 .00902 -.045998 .004213 -.0004 english | -.004813 .011468 .010021 .000932 -.057132 -.006515 .001373 white | .019086 -.051436 -.069052 -.054499 -.006105 .059492 .00429 lwhitemg | -.001387 .00176 .000928 .001802 .011748 -.002894 -.000441 _cons | -.31895 .529859 95.8446 -1.88583 -346.33 -.213856 .10005

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .1034 ldist | .048683 .188831 lopen | .007007 .005003 .020577 english | -.012736 .022875 -.005192 .075127 white | .155831 -.008678 .000299 -.025847 6.3038 lwhitemg | -.005657 .002078 .00027 .001704 -.596131 .058659 _cons | -1.31674 -2.93225 .45365 .418939 .757715 -.173958 3267.84

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.

. clear

. insheet using k:\book1.txt(104 vars, 1010 obs)

. *Dropping mali

. drop if ccode==164660(10 observations deleted)

.

.

.

.

. *Descriptive stats after dropping

. tabstat rimp immig gdp gdpau gdpdefnew gdpdfau pop popau xrate1 remote dist op> en english gdpdfrationew white whitemg, stat(n mean sd median min max) col(sta> t)

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 1000 491197 1561183 8397.5 0 1.39e+07 immig | 1000 33461.95 117038.6 2986.5 0 1137050 gdp | 1000 2.79e+11 9.69e+11 1.74e+10 1.92e+08 8.99e+12 gdpau | 1000 3.83e+11 4.44e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 1000 105.6872 16.87691 102.812 60.87417 207.3465 gdpdfau | 1000 100.7173 4.633489 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 1000 4.95e+07 1.54e+08 1.03e+07 41000 1.26e+09 popau | 1000 1.82e+07 612793.8 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 1000 1039.919 10901.96 13.89535 .0068 270182.6 remote | 1000 6739.986 4146.063 6797 1293 39620 dist | 1000 13337.82 3518.024 14215 2409 17972 open | 1000 .7092988 .3898105 .63885 .0671 3.2192 english | 1000 .38 .4856293 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 1000 1.052421 .1810502 1.017407 .5844526 2.009028 white | 1000 .13 .3364717 0 0 1 whitemg | 1000 20501.65 116468.1 0 0 1137050--------------------------------------------------------------------------

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. sort white

. *IIIB. Descriptives Original Unites(sub sample for "white" and "non-white" cou> ntries)--RHS Variables:. by white: tabstat rimp immig gdp gdpau gdpdefnew gdpdfau pop popau xrate1 remo> te dist phone open english gdpdfrationew white whitemg, stat(n mean sd median > min max) col(stat)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------> white = 0

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 870 404946.2 1597577 3443.5 0 1.39e+07 immig | 870 14896.89 27125.12 1606 0 158613 gdp | 870 2.37e+11 1.00e+12 1.09e+10 1.92e+08 8.99e+12 gdpau | 870 3.83e+11 4.44e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 870 104.813 17.22964 101.7094 60.87417 207.3465 gdpdfau | 870 100.7173 4.633836 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 870 5.34e+07 1.65e+08 1.06e+07 41000 1.26e+09 popau | 870 1.82e+07 612839.6 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 870 1179.316 11682.05 19.96485 .0068 270182.6 remote | 870 7166.453 4116.236 6955 1293 39620 dist | 870 13163.47 3403.03 14040 2410 17972 phone | 870 159.3424 241.8311 49.865 .54 1449.75 open | 870 .7168739 .4112863 .63875 .0671 3.2192 english | 870 .3908046 .4882114 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 870 1.04397 .1859268 1 .5844526 2.009028 white | 870 0 0 0 0 0 whitemg | 870 0 0 0 0 0--------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------> white = 1

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 130 1068414 1138347 522863.5 40432 3843839 immig | 130 157705 288518.8 21174 2612 1137050 gdp | 130 5.56e+11 6.58e+11 2.54e+11 5.15e+10 2.69e+12 gdpau | 130 3.83e+11 4.46e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 130 111.5379 12.89742 112.2247 85.45601 143.9587 gdpdfau | 130 100.7173 4.649088 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 130 2.34e+07 2.55e+07 8837000 3477200 8.22e+07 popau | 130 1.82e+07 614856.7 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 130 107.0323 293.6987 4.4722 .3774 1261.556 remote | 130 3885.938 3089.96 2888 1530 12501 dist | 130 14504.62 4031.974 15931 2409 17493 phone | 130 734.716 269.9717 652.085 343.99 1487.08 open | 130 .6586038 .1850905 .64065 .3517 1.2967 english | 130 .3076923 .4633239 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 130 1.108974 .1314272 1.116445 .8254872 1.441221 white | 130 1 0 1 1 1 whitemg | 130 157705 288518.8 21174 2612 1137050--------------------------------------------------------------------------

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.

.

. **Regression of Exports

. tsset ccode year panel variable: ccode, 117100 to 725980 time variable: year, 1991 to 2000

.

. **I. Aggregate Imports

. xtgls lrexp limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremo> te ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 7432.68Log likelihood = -990.4689 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrexp | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .524456 .0379293 13.83 0.000 .450116 .598796 lgdp | 1.064695 .0358058 29.74 0.000 .9945171 1.134873 lgdpau | -3.171364 .8513248 -3.73 0.000 -4.83993 -1.502798lgdpdfrati~w | -1.768365 .3239644 -5.46 0.000 -2.403324 -1.133407 lpopau | 3.60758 2.971628 1.21 0.225 -2.216703 9.431864 lpop | .011553 .0408073 0.28 0.777 -.0684278 .0915338 lxrate1 | .0056012 .0142362 0.39 0.694 -.0223013 .0335037 lremote | .1648277 .0778427 2.12 0.034 .0122589 .3173966 ldist | -1.373791 .1360613 -10.10 0.000 -1.640466 -1.107116 lopen | .9308079 .0751941 12.38 0.000 .7834302 1.078186 english | .1631661 .0889032 1.84 0.066 -.0110811 .3374132 white | 3.351498 .5736185 5.84 0.000 2.227227 4.47577 lwhitemg | -.4041213 .0516649 -7.82 0.000 -.5053826 -.3028599 _cons | 17.27598 27.532 0.63 0.530 -36.68576 71.23771------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001439 lgdp | -.000789 .001282 lgdpau | -.003046 .002378 .724754lgdpdfrati~w | .000786 -.001008 -.022117 .104953 lpopau | .0115 -.009584 -2.49277 .121489 8.83057 lpop | .000021 -.00064 .001056 -.000056 -.007641 .001665 lxrate1 | 5.0e-07 .000168 .000061 -.000055 -.000581 -.000053 .000203 lremote | -.000355 .001031 .004078 -.002014 -.022075 .000215 .000058 ldist | .003429 -.002138 -.004639 .004129 .009129 .001958 .000425 lopen | -.000557 .000322 .009741 -.000705 -.053197 .000977 -.000013 english | -.000696 .001229 -.002477 .000533 .016276 -.000913 .000422 white | .006852 -.001491 -.003788 -.007829 -.01071 .009368 .001468 lwhitemg | -.000773 .000189 .000525 .000407 .000376 -.00084 -.000121 _cons | -.135021 .094001 22.3336 -1.55055 -80.9389 .067843 -.000377

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .006059 ldist | .001698 .018513 lopen | .00207 .000871 .005654 english | -.000059 .000958 -.002683 .007904 white | .014451 .031177 .00097 .001081 .329038

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lwhitemg | -.001066 -.003179 -.000102 .000148 -.029264 .002669 _cons | .167859 -.233936 .588886 -.230467 -.326791 .035867 758.011

.

. **II. Conservative Estimates

. *2.1. Aggregate reference priced Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrrefp_cx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 6076.98Log likelihood = -1473.148 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_cx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3734368 .0491554 7.60 0.000 .2770941 .4697796 lgdp | 1.101608 .0698413 15.77 0.000 .9647218 1.238495 lgdpau | -.1380763 .5788476 -0.24 0.811 -1.272597 .9964443lgdpdfrati~w | -.3309503 .3899857 -0.85 0.396 -1.095308 .4334076 lpopau | 2.245739 2.100802 1.07 0.285 -1.871758 6.363236 lpop | -.0097639 .0962414 -0.10 0.919 -.1983936 .1788658 lxrate1 | -.0205889 .0324732 -0.63 0.526 -.0842352 .0430573 lremote | -.3260006 .1732659 -1.88 0.060 -.6655955 .0135943 ldist | -3.06187 .3948689 -7.75 0.000 -3.835799 -2.287941 lopen | -.0687898 .059033 -1.17 0.244 -.1844923 .0469127 english | .5887178 .1832248 3.21 0.001 .2296038 .9478317 white | 7.72742 1.104126 7.00 0.000 5.563372 9.891468 lwhitemg | -.8646976 .118026 -7.33 0.000 -1.096024 -.6333709 _cons | -23.75068 21.10227 -1.13 0.260 -65.11036 17.609------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002416 lgdp | -.001823 .004878 lgdpau | .00198 -.00157 .335065lgdpdfrati~w | -.002081 .003367 -.046127 .152089 lpopau | -.009548 .005754 -1.17188 .220412 4.41337 lpop | -.000099 -.005014 .003179 -.001471 -.01926 .009262 lxrate1 | .000222 .00041 .001404 .002406 -.010297 -.000647 .001055 lremote | .000156 .000225 -.024271 .006051 .104603 -.003615 .000444 ldist | .010422 -.011663 .007812 .003065 -.053891 .005827 .002662 lopen | .000052 -.000227 .002083 .002626 -.010245 .001198 -.000393 english | -.001073 -.001008 .007405 .003485 -.051239 .00264 .001972 white | .012771 -.027335 .026731 -.002219 -.18163 .032806 .002473 lwhitemg | -.001789 .002172 -.005398 .000561 .02756 -.002113 -.000242 _cons | .037101 .028251 10.81 -2.73981 -42.8633 .184619 .098135

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .030021 ldist | .003466 .155921 lopen | -.001652 .001222 .003485 english | -.00566 .001516 -.001001 .033571 white | -.012166 .067969 .002691 .038192 1.2191 lwhitemg | .004376 -.008356 -.0006 -.001926 -.124882 .01393 _cons | -1.3543 -.724584 .105176 .654618 1.7806 -.280272 445.306

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.

.

. *2.2. Aggregate Differentiated Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrdiff_cx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 3441.14Log likelihood = -1541.819 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_cx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4578494 .0550097 8.32 0.000 .3500323 .5656665 lgdp | 1.099453 .0634314 17.33 0.000 .97513 1.223776 lgdpau | 2.352301 2.035121 1.16 0.248 -1.636464 6.341066lgdpdfrati~w | -2.22393 .8194993 -2.71 0.007 -3.830119 -.6177407 lpopau | -8.845796 7.007212 -1.26 0.207 -22.57968 4.888087 lpop | -.1751382 .0801979 -2.18 0.029 -.3323232 -.0179531 lxrate1 | -.0679785 .0280765 -2.42 0.015 -.1230073 -.0129496 lremote | .0464063 .2018243 0.23 0.818 -.349162 .4419746 ldist | -2.281036 .2355456 -9.68 0.000 -2.742697 -1.819375 lopen | .1039611 .0911476 1.14 0.254 -.0746849 .282607 english | .671956 .1818907 3.69 0.000 .3154567 1.028455 white | 2.607913 1.175199 2.22 0.026 .3045653 4.91126 lwhitemg | -.2580777 .1066023 -2.42 0.015 -.4670144 -.0491411 _cons | 88.80199 64.51072 1.38 0.169 -37.6367 215.2407------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .003026 lgdp | -.002082 .004024 lgdpau | -.002837 .005594 4.14172lgdpdfrati~w | -.003747 .001677 -.206837 .671579 lpopau | .009473 -.027242 -14.0455 .964833 49.101 lpop | .000191 -.003394 -.000874 .001288 .005907 .006432 lxrate1 | .000198 .000474 .000832 -.000502 -.007015 -.000827 .000788 lremote | .004216 -.00259 .002812 -.00866 -.029704 -.000235 .000917 ldist | .006587 -.005926 -.006765 .011094 .015223 .002865 .002873 lopen | -.000419 .000745 .015008 .002927 -.077326 .001211 -.00014 english | -.003167 .00257 .000098 .010604 .008922 -.003285 .001252 white | .021037 -.019877 .039062 -.127477 -.180451 .009894 .002657 lwhitemg | -.00192 .001332 -.003273 .010841 .014838 -.000174 -.000171 _cons | -.154567 .355956 124.516 -11.3552 -446.694 -.123773 .057678

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .040733 ldist | .021369 .055482 lopen | .003993 .000533 .008308 english | -.014447 .002275 -.003301 .033084 white | .081703 .030711 -.002897 -.01626 1.38109 lwhitemg | -.004865 -.000661 .000393 .001447 -.121851 .011364 _cons | -.092116 -.763681 .821129 -.060614 1.22691 -.135884 4161.63

.

. *2.3. Aggregate Homogenous Imports (conservative)

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. xtgls lrhomo_cx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1207.47Log likelihood = -1643.305 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_cx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .6207844 .0643217 9.65 0.000 .4947163 .7468526 lgdp | .6590298 .1091306 6.04 0.000 .4451378 .8729219 lgdpau | 1.379211 1.8412 0.75 0.454 -2.229475 4.987897lgdpdfrati~w | -.1647054 .6550907 -0.25 0.801 -1.44866 1.119249 lpopau | -11.28693 6.312245 -1.79 0.074 -23.65871 1.08484 lpop | .1645372 .1084765 1.52 0.129 -.0480729 .3771473 lxrate1 | .0767518 .0436651 1.76 0.079 -.0088302 .1623337 lremote | -1.062767 .3074127 -3.46 0.001 -1.665284 -.4602488 ldist | -.8628483 .5899939 -1.46 0.144 -2.019215 .2935184 lopen | .2433159 .114696 2.12 0.034 .0185159 .468116 english | .2539623 .3202173 0.79 0.428 -.373652 .8815766 white | 12.36094 2.896741 4.27 0.000 6.68343 18.03844 lwhitemg | -1.419435 .2974719 -4.77 0.000 -2.002469 -.8364005 _cons | 152.6064 58.96195 2.59 0.010 37.04308 268.1697------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .004137 lgdp | -.004722 .011909 lgdpau | .002492 -.003594 3.39002lgdpdfrati~w | -.006935 .013224 -.116867 .429144 lpopau | -.015142 .001325 -11.3473 .550167 39.8444 lpop | .000721 -.006459 -.001806 -.003191 .006922 .011767 lxrate1 | -.000122 .001385 .003103 .003686 -.024386 -.001369 .001907 lremote | .001786 .007682 -.050343 .009121 .134154 -.006357 -.00027 ldist | .02075 -.01602 -.009365 -.010587 -.068246 .012665 .001729 lopen | -.001063 .001269 -.016822 .004271 .028754 .001759 .000354 english | -.004676 .006363 .02156 .016606 -.099549 .00527 .004249 white | .016784 -.038487 .138966 -.033744 -.651866 .038582 .003286 lwhitemg | -.001656 .002573 -.016992 .002452 .078164 -.003127 -.000306 _cons | .052368 .001122 100.013 -6.71546 -364.496 -.169633 .290287

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .094503 ldist | .052152 .348093 lopen | .003302 -.00443 .013155 english | -.024064 -.000204 -.002252 .102539 white | -.001677 .003327 -.006361 .116653 8.39111 lwhitemg | .004278 -.001566 .000757 -.013006 -.849909 .08849 _cons | -2.30398 -2.33998 -.066957 1.04387 7.31418 -.872786 3476.51

.

. **III. Liberal Estimates

. *3.1. Aggregate reference priced Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrrefp_lx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

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Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1930.48Log likelihood = -1471.688 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_lx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3701354 .0483555 7.65 0.000 .2753603 .4649105 lgdp | .8523206 .0806733 10.57 0.000 .6942039 1.010437 lgdpau | -.2630091 .4813073 -0.55 0.585 -1.206354 .6803359lgdpdfrati~w | .2642785 .2383726 1.11 0.268 -.2029231 .7314802 lpopau | -2.308298 1.711031 -1.35 0.177 -5.661857 1.045261 lpop | .2294566 .0987704 2.32 0.020 .0358701 .4230431 lxrate1 | -.0070043 .0270586 -0.26 0.796 -.0600381 .0460296 lremote | -.2220362 .1566252 -1.42 0.156 -.5290159 .0849435 ldist | -2.078796 .4666613 -4.45 0.000 -2.993435 -1.164156 lopen | .045482 .0487534 0.93 0.351 -.0500729 .1410368 english | .9458411 .240355 3.94 0.000 .474754 1.416928 white | 11.03085 2.068316 5.33 0.000 6.977024 15.08467 lwhitemg | -1.095876 .2025656 -5.41 0.000 -1.492897 -.6988546 _cons | 45.96774 17.17495 2.68 0.007 12.30546 79.63002------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002338 lgdp | -.002357 .006508 lgdpau | .001593 -.00389 .231657lgdpdfrati~w | -.001793 .004353 -.024957 .056821 lpopau | -.007879 .014224 -.800111 .104836 2.92763 lpop | .0006 -.005652 .004927 -.003535 -.024618 .009756 lxrate1 | .00014 .000022 .001677 .001335 -.008841 -.000159 .000732 lremote | .000776 .000021 -.020023 .002266 .076629 -.002805 .000051 ldist | .007212 -.011211 .003931 -.002012 -.031879 .00913 .002468 lopen | -.000056 .000113 .001851 .000983 -.008717 .00057 -.000105 english | -.001789 .000124 .009476 .003292 -.035348 .001096 .001895 white | .010386 -.028556 .025107 -.007849 -.147179 .033129 .009879 lwhitemg | -.001232 .00189 -.003625 .000607 .018815 -.002029 -.000876 _cons | .046062 -.077968 7.35502 -1.18447 -27.9182 .191556 .075303

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .024531 ldist | .009902 .217773 lopen | -.00143 -.000633 .002377 english | -.00699 .024181 -.000257 .057771 white | .033183 -.161677 -.004307 .019304 4.27793 lwhitemg | -.001181 .017341 .000178 1.7e-06 -.414669 .041033 _cons | -1.01838 -1.6893 .104291 .128156 3.05901 -.373743 294.979

.

. *3.2. Aggregate Differentiated Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrdiff_lx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squares

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Panels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 3104.59Log likelihood = -1559.238 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_lx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4181791 .0578737 7.23 0.000 .3047487 .5316096 lgdp | 1.20073 .0703481 17.07 0.000 1.062851 1.33861 lgdpau | 2.073831 2.1167 0.98 0.327 -2.074825 6.222488lgdpdfrati~w | -2.360362 .8240617 -2.86 0.004 -3.975494 -.745231 lpopau | -8.17998 7.285506 -1.12 0.262 -22.45931 6.09935 lpop | -.2809959 .0818614 -3.43 0.001 -.4414413 -.1205505 lxrate1 | -.0304679 .0281902 -1.08 0.280 -.0857198 .024784 lremote | .186162 .1986237 0.94 0.349 -.2031332 .5754573 ldist | -2.217979 .237195 -9.35 0.000 -2.682872 -1.753085 lopen | .1284089 .1002257 1.28 0.200 -.0680299 .3248477 english | .8215223 .1985846 4.14 0.000 .4323036 1.210741 white | 2.86377 1.183085 2.42 0.015 .544965 5.182574 lwhitemg | -.2694136 .1076348 -2.50 0.012 -.4803739 -.0584532 _cons | 82.7433 67.07263 1.23 0.217 -48.71664 214.2032------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .003349 lgdp | -.002669 .004949 lgdpau | -.003638 .00651 4.48042lgdpdfrati~w | -.00401 .002675 -.210706 .679078 lpopau | .0133 -.032397 -15.1847 .959985 53.0786 lpop | .000893 -.004118 -.001159 -.000834 .007547 .006701 lxrate1 | .000026 .000653 .000802 .000418 -.007508 -.000994 .000795 lremote | .003802 -.002291 .000454 -.007049 -.022158 .00107 .000601 ldist | .006717 -.005756 -.008599 .011297 .019817 .003258 .002224 lopen | -.000528 .000795 .015701 .003328 -.08505 .001616 -.000192 english | -.004827 .004913 .002493 .013687 -.003765 -.00493 .001598 white | .019926 -.02094 .03307 -.121814 -.140193 .012223 .000434 lwhitemg | -.001849 .001452 -.002832 .010571 .011448 -.000361 .000033 _cons | -.193027 .405 134.558 -11.1863 -482.845 -.147228 .07423

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .039451 ldist | .022452 .056261 lopen | .004458 .000564 .010045 english | -.014836 .001694 -.003683 .039436 white | .076906 .00816 -.003951 -.025905 1.39969 lwhitemg | -.004622 .00152 .000524 .002495 -.123975 .011585 _cons | -.179928 -.817004 .921297 .071927 .969732 -.11488 4498.74

.

. *3.3. Aggregate Homogenous Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrhomo_lx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

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Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 2839.05Log likelihood = -1526.559 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_lx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .5347948 .0441971 12.10 0.000 .44817 .6214196 lgdp | 1.094795 .0686033 15.96 0.000 .9603346 1.229255 lgdpau | -.4409222 .6693246 -0.66 0.510 -1.752774 .8709299lgdpdfrati~w | -.4620864 .4750046 -0.97 0.331 -1.393078 .4689055 lpopau | 1.996251 2.398461 0.83 0.405 -2.704647 6.697149 lpop | -.1376242 .0833512 -1.65 0.099 -.3009896 .0257411 lxrate1 | -.0330224 .0301488 -1.10 0.273 -.092113 .0260683 lremote | -.748351 .1922446 -3.89 0.000 -1.125143 -.3715586 ldist | -2.028344 .3110838 -6.52 0.000 -2.638057 -1.41863 lopen | .0356538 .0718063 0.50 0.620 -.105084 .1763915 english | .7608622 .2335191 3.26 0.001 .3031731 1.218551 white | 5.692765 2.050784 2.78 0.006 1.673302 9.712227 lwhitemg | -.7828584 .2098834 -3.73 0.000 -1.194222 -.3714944 _cons | -15.85194 24.0239 -0.66 0.509 -62.93792 31.23403------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001953 lgdp | -.001882 .004706 lgdpau | .00018 -.003374 .447995lgdpdfrati~w | -.003414 .003776 -.056148 .225629 lpopau | -.000624 .006181 -1.54793 .292747 5.75262 lpop | .000078 -.003268 .003952 .000863 -.020486 .006947 lxrate1 | -.000342 .000676 .001348 .002713 -.009851 -.000289 .000909 lremote | .001533 .001479 -.027691 .002281 .11733 -.004226 .00017 ldist | .006233 -.009063 -.003518 .000777 -.006549 .010938 .000735 lopen | .000086 -.000827 -.000172 .005162 -.004584 .001716 -.000318 english | -.00118 .001374 .015292 .007368 -.094963 .00305 .002886 white | .008506 -.011942 .035929 -.009598 -.236166 .018677 .006552 lwhitemg | -.000766 .000774 -.004538 .001446 .027442 -.001521 -.000461 _cons | -.033611 .008025 14.266 -3.74058 -55.8756 .133989 .104216

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .036958 ldist | .015355 .096773 lopen | -.002099 .001001 .005156 english | -.013361 .015414 -.00124 .054531 white | .00903 .06157 -.002526 .066951 4.20571 lwhitemg | .001358 -.004455 .000131 -.006669 -.424788 .044051 _cons | -1.66666 -.865776 .07958 1.04253 2.19624 -.292163 577.148

.

. *IV. Aggregate NON-Manufacturing Imports (Sum of Sitc0,1,2,3,4)

. xtgls lrxnmf limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremo> te ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 567.89

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Log likelihood = -1162.463 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxnmf | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4161751 .0674697 6.17 0.000 .283937 .5484133 lgdp | .4117872 .1115843 3.69 0.000 .193086 .6304884 lgdpau | -2.975899 1.341705 -2.22 0.027 -5.605592 -.3462061lgdpdfrati~w | -1.43223 .6190441 -2.31 0.021 -2.645534 -.2189261 lpopau | 12.05201 4.588563 2.63 0.009 3.058597 21.04543 lpop | .1296452 .1106244 1.17 0.241 -.0871746 .346465 lxrate1 | -.0957671 .039607 -2.42 0.016 -.1733954 -.0181388 lremote | -.1926049 .3140355 -0.61 0.540 -.8081032 .4228934 ldist | -1.777682 .4200239 -4.23 0.000 -2.600914 -.9544507 lopen | -.1313306 .1480033 -0.89 0.375 -.4214118 .1587505 english | .6597819 .2531295 2.61 0.009 .1636572 1.155906 white | 11.96832 1.379461 8.68 0.000 9.264625 14.67201 lwhitemg | -1.303315 .1173455 -11.11 0.000 -1.533308 -1.073322 _cons | -109.2337 42.74553 -2.56 0.011 -193.0134 -25.45401------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .004552 lgdp | -.00416 .012451 lgdpau | -.005278 .007464 1.80017lgdpdfrati~w | -.003165 .002719 .053531 .383216 lpopau | .01817 -.042138 -5.9892 -.021652 21.0549 lpop | .000131 -.007142 .00009 .000047 -.000058 .012238 lxrate1 | -.000236 .001868 .000786 .000869 -.00759 -.002009 .001569 lremote | .002806 .001213 -.036368 -.059426 .026732 -.002916 .001025 ldist | .015372 -.011156 -.022101 -.012431 .033545 .01014 .001036 lopen | .000396 -.000387 .009626 -.000055 -.083273 .004241 -.000701 english | -.006101 .009716 .010992 .01681 -.023851 -.003802 .003139 white | .020538 -.040434 -.020318 -.058454 .072363 .045587 -.005856 lwhitemg | -.002197 .002206 -.001721 -.00025 .001032 -.003355 .000589 _cons | -.264951 .442964 52.4601 -.858122 -191.964 -.094375 .069652

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .098618 ldist | .027973 .17642 lopen | .007886 .00425 .021905 english | -.017926 -.004701 -.010201 .064075 white | .033329 .144525 -.007576 .071751 1.90291 lwhitemg | .005362 -.015942 .00072 -.007734 -.150944 .01377 _cons | -.550316 -1.88968 .981652 .12484 -2.25639 .153657 1827.18

.

. *V. Aggregate Manufacturing Imports (Sum of Sitc5,6,7,8,9)

. xtgls lrxmfn limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremot> e ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1126.98Log likelihood = -958.6872 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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lrxmfn | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2554046 .0429495 5.95 0.000 .1712251 .3395841 lgdp | .3309589 .0909916 3.64 0.000 .1526186 .5092992 lgdpau | -2.598177 1.10876 -2.34 0.019 -4.771306 -.425047lgdpdfrati~w | -4.560923 .4619238 -9.87 0.000 -5.466277 -3.655569 lpopau | 9.795546 3.831101 2.56 0.011 2.286726 17.30437 lpop | .148308 .0739753 2.00 0.045 .0033191 .293297 lxrate1 | -.0772535 .0276517 -2.79 0.005 -.1314498 -.0230573 lremote | .5093457 .1675507 3.04 0.002 .1809524 .8377389 ldist | -2.375132 .2315829 -10.26 0.000 -2.829026 -1.921238 lopen | -.0836875 .0524013 -1.60 0.110 -.1863921 .0190172 english | .4212753 .1614719 2.61 0.009 .1047962 .7377543 white | 9.371796 .8221941 11.40 0.000 7.760325 10.98327 lwhitemg | -.8474662 .0731079 -11.59 0.000 -.9907551 -.7041774 _cons | -75.30268 35.67976 -2.11 0.035 -145.2337 -5.37163------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001845 lgdp | -.002601 .008279 lgdpau | -.002641 .006159 1.22935lgdpdfrati~w | -.002287 .005242 -.047136 .213374 lpopau | .012158 -.032784 -4.1661 .230312 14.6773 lpop | .00174 -.005858 -.002884 -.003616 .015127 .005472 lxrate1 | -.000183 .001217 .00096 .000708 -.00717 -.000957 .000765 lremote | .001782 -.003569 -.003778 -.01237 -.007604 .003569 -.00013 ldist | .005705 -.009056 -.011924 -.008413 .052981 .007526 -.000659 lopen | -.000103 .000209 .004713 .002055 -.023265 .000586 -.00007 english | -.002044 .003516 .001369 .003089 .000231 -.000722 .000364 white | .016381 -.03189 -.024876 -.030626 .092444 .033909 -.005737 lwhitemg | -.001284 .001369 .001148 .000508 -.004864 -.001981 .000351 _cons | -.180331 .411172 36.9797 -2.66823 -134.496 -.235894 .086939

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .028073 ldist | .018082 .053631 lopen | .00068 .000255 .002746 english | -.002359 .008493 -.00081 .026073 white | .057544 .078009 .001751 .007237 .676003 lwhitemg | -.002515 -.005564 -.00027 -.000541 -.056278 .005345 _cons | -.165749 -1.1784 .241252 -.171551 -2.01647 .134076 1273.05

.

.

. **VI. SITC-1 Digit Level Disaggregate Imports

. xtgls lrxsitc0 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 547.67Log likelihood = -1431.679 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc0 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2470705 .0914893 2.70 0.007 .0677548 .4263862 lgdp | .3691311 .1418408 2.60 0.009 .0911281 .647134

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lgdpau | -.7026511 1.165918 -0.60 0.547 -2.987808 1.582506lgdpdfrati~w | -.7200263 .5738879 -1.25 0.210 -1.844826 .4047733 lpopau | 9.539215 3.940685 2.42 0.015 1.815613 17.26282 lpop | .0303718 .1406879 0.22 0.829 -.2453713 .3061149 lxrate1 | -.0821553 .0464227 -1.77 0.077 -.1731422 .0088316 lremote | .2559893 .2533985 1.01 0.312 -.2406626 .7526412 ldist | -2.081643 .4779506 -4.36 0.000 -3.018409 -1.144877 lopen | -.2724787 .1703185 -1.60 0.110 -.6062969 .0613395 english | 1.585752 .3131375 5.06 0.000 .9720137 2.19949 white | 19.25305 1.841608 10.45 0.000 15.64356 22.86253 lwhitemg | -1.866264 .1766505 -10.56 0.000 -2.212493 -1.520036 _cons | -127.6183 36.91638 -3.46 0.001 -199.9731 -55.26357------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .00837 lgdp | -.009717 .020119 lgdpau | -.011418 .011129 1.35936lgdpdfrati~w | -.003501 -.002163 .125702 .329347 lpopau | .034373 -.029399 -4.42915 -.229139 15.529 lpop | .002553 -.012069 -.000266 .002793 -.019284 .019793 lxrate1 | .000416 .001129 -.000082 -3.6e-06 .00292 -.001958 .002155 lremote | .003407 .001887 -.042834 -.055681 .006537 -.001645 -.00034 ldist | .019528 -.021306 -.048414 -.036031 .083419 .023291 .002679 lopen | -.000956 -.000414 .007652 -.005759 -.088625 .007357 -.001071 english | -.011071 .01007 .010961 .002926 -.057771 .002836 .003087 white | .039447 -.076052 -.050281 -.050128 .042896 .078035 .001649 lwhitemg | -.003635 .005427 .001292 .000943 -.006645 -.005884 -.000233 _cons | -.35317 .167781 38.3298 1.00489 -141.374 .075056 -.075809

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .064211 ldist | .045542 .228437 lopen | .010713 .005041 .029008 english | -.002913 .015665 -.006458 .098055 white | .03985 .173953 -.000388 .106409 3.39152 lwhitemg | .000089 -.014433 .00065 -.007253 -.317476 .031205 _cons | .058011 -2.66522 1.0588 .292388 -1.14717 .20937 1362.82

. xtgls lrxsitc1 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 861.12Log likelihood = -207.7395 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc1 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0014005 .0132229 0.11 0.916 -.024516 .027317 lgdp | .0490187 .0359237 1.36 0.172 -.0213905 .1194279 lgdpau | .0361269 .2505626 0.14 0.885 -.4549667 .5272206lgdpdfrati~w | -.0781952 .1328482 -0.59 0.556 -.3385729 .1821824 lpopau | 3.184614 .908068 3.51 0.000 1.404833 4.964394 lpop | .2206545 .0446041 4.95 0.000 .1332322 .3080769 lxrate1 | -.0333077 .0125895 -2.65 0.008 -.0579826 -.0086329 lremote | -.0776876 .0891067 -0.87 0.383 -.2523335 .0969584 ldist | -3.259641 .3160529 -10.31 0.000 -3.879093 -2.640188

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lopen | -.0353955 .0241196 -1.47 0.142 -.0826691 .0118781 english | 1.214406 .1382228 8.79 0.000 .9434939 1.485317 white | 19.40475 1.274742 15.22 0.000 16.9063 21.9032 lwhitemg | -1.560887 .1197193 -13.04 0.000 -1.795532 -1.326241 _cons | -25.75768 10.16088 -2.53 0.011 -45.67264 -5.842718------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000175 lgdp | -.000112 .001291 lgdpau | .000252 -.000825 .062782lgdpdfrati~w | -.000157 .000339 -.004994 .017649 lpopau | -.001227 .004131 -.214737 .022818 .824588 lpop | -.000055 -.000981 -9.3e-07 .000111 -.002115 .00199 lxrate1 | .00002 -.000013 .000303 .000305 -.00269 .000035 .000158 lremote | .000127 .000706 -.005155 -.000246 .015693 -.000076 .000068 ldist | .000763 .002117 -.006533 .00006 .021991 -.000379 -.000301 lopen | .000023 -.000072 .00009 .000014 -.001584 .000109 -.000013 english | -.000239 .000361 -.000854 -.000512 .012145 .000792 -7.6e-06 white | .000526 -.004872 .00173 -.002894 -.023229 .008153 .000451 lwhitemg | -.000083 .00011 -.000281 .000187 .001189 -.000577 -6.5e-06 _cons | .00802 -.086644 2.04452 -.273495 -8.46203 .03056 .037763

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .00794 ldist | .009352 .099889 lopen | -.00004 -.000346 .000582 english | .001116 .014741 -.000434 .019106 white | .006355 .020075 -.000209 .026687 1.62497 lwhitemg | -.000299 -.003441 .000056 -.002994 -.14826 .014333 _cons | -.299864 -1.27998 .027731 -.351664 .066818 .030303 103.243

. xtgls lrxsitc2 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 752.57Log likelihood = -1309.327 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc2 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2105374 .0580055 3.63 0.000 .0968487 .3242262 lgdp | .7018326 .1147483 6.12 0.000 .4769301 .9267351 lgdpau | -4.69573 1.816732 -2.58 0.010 -8.25646 -1.135lgdpdfrati~w | -.0570062 .8178884 -0.07 0.944 -1.660038 1.546026 lpopau | 13.27194 6.294471 2.11 0.035 .9350092 25.60888 lpop | .1486179 .1285657 1.16 0.248 -.1033662 .4006019 lxrate1 | -.052248 .0370428 -1.41 0.158 -.1248506 .0203546 lremote | -.8690632 .3343039 -2.60 0.009 -1.524287 -.2138395 ldist | -2.903166 .4495303 -6.46 0.000 -3.78423 -2.022103 lopen | -.2135179 .1818942 -1.17 0.240 -.570024 .1429882 english | .2903433 .2681038 1.08 0.279 -.2351305 .815817 white | 10.73443 1.519032 7.07 0.000 7.757181 13.71168 lwhitemg | -1.231946 .1584152 -7.78 0.000 -1.542434 -.9214575 _cons | -76.48631 58.89421 -1.30 0.194 -191.9169 38.94422------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .003365 lgdp | -.004656 .013167 lgdpau | -.004505 .009037 3.30052lgdpdfrati~w | -.005087 .005641 -.058329 .668941 lpopau | .01927 -.054867 -11.1578 .471066 39.6204 lpop | .00188 -.009299 .002229 -.002566 -.018274 .016529 lxrate1 | -.000466 .001728 .001773 .004017 -.010644 -.00135 .001372 lremote | .004888 -.008909 -.019406 -.058307 .032026 .001254 -.005973 ldist | .016405 -.01973 -.014643 -.037096 -.016603 .013919 -.00236 lopen | -.000375 .000125 .021179 -.00416 -.17321 .00773 -.001099 english | -.001631 .005703 .004428 .01653 -.017789 .00019 .003594 white | .030278 -.060922 -.030101 -.02879 .177055 .064068 -.003927 lwhitemg | -.002507 .003445 -.000193 -.002375 -.003082 -.005035 -.000244 _cons | -.339088 .803467 98.6745 -6.1971 -364.01 .05285 .180657

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .111759 ldist | .048762 .202077 lopen | .016829 .011141 .033086 english | -.017221 .018384 -.007371 .07188 white | .059659 .199545 -.006742 .108731 2.30746 lwhitemg | .004912 -.01858 .001492 -.013483 -.230383 .025095 _cons | -1.23295 -1.5099 1.97591 -.01387 -4.38938 .213552 3468.53

. xtgls lrxsitc3 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 285.72Log likelihood = -722.7635 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc3 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0640252 .0441669 1.45 0.147 -.0225402 .1505907 lgdp | .1097555 .1077989 1.02 0.309 -.1015265 .3210375 lgdpau | -.0431608 .8681928 -0.05 0.960 -1.744787 1.658466lgdpdfrati~w | .2292502 .309389 0.74 0.459 -.3771412 .8356415 lpopau | -1.698307 2.984679 -0.57 0.569 -7.54817 4.151557 lpop | .6408843 .1179848 5.43 0.000 .4096383 .8721303 lxrate1 | .0430388 .0331819 1.30 0.195 -.0219965 .108074 lremote | -.1940079 .2912511 -0.67 0.505 -.7648496 .3768337 ldist | -1.9487 .5757437 -3.38 0.001 -3.077137 -.8202633 lopen | .0128655 .0615262 0.21 0.834 -.1077237 .1334546 english | 1.686462 .3789727 4.45 0.000 .9436888 2.429235 white | 14.74857 2.455872 6.01 0.000 9.935146 19.56199 lwhitemg | -1.167199 .2254383 -5.18 0.000 -1.60905 -.7253485 _cons | 37.5778 28.71175 1.31 0.191 -18.6962 93.8518------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001951 lgdp | -.001562 .011621

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lgdpau | .001953 -.001497 .753759lgdpdfrati~w | -.001575 .002335 -.027089 .095722 lpopau | -.013294 -.002868 -2.52089 .097615 8.90831 lpop | .000202 -.008772 -.001179 -.000156 .004683 .01392 lxrate1 | .000156 .0004 .001627 .001921 -.011194 -.000553 .001101 lremote | .000955 .006534 -.042514 -.014072 .136019 -.00526 -.000919 ldist | .007365 -.001239 -.00204 -.00325 -.054207 .009351 .002118 lopen | .000157 -.000545 -.002792 .004686 .005821 .001128 -.000106 english | -.004146 -.007935 .006667 .007941 -.021116 .012833 .00228 white | .005329 -.059143 .047275 -.006648 -.181964 .072741 .000891 lwhitemg | -.000833 .002998 -.00795 -.000418 .034231 -.005344 -.000167 _cons | .115709 -.072548 22.499 -.898581 -82.3717 -.113446 .123911

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .084827 ldist | .025566 .331481 lopen | -9.0e-06 .000256 .003785 english | -.021954 .066711 -.000764 .14362 white | -.026672 .135949 .003907 .215499 6.03131 lwhitemg | .006426 -.01819 -.000281 -.020118 -.532339 .050822 _cons | -2.17573 -2.60698 -.034419 -.322809 .810488 -.217228 824.365

. xtgls lrxsitc4 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 228.30Log likelihood = -801.3954 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc4 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0055311 .0412921 0.13 0.893 -.0753999 .0864621 lgdp | .0703587 .0808257 0.87 0.384 -.0880566 .2287741 lgdpau | .1147632 .698487 0.16 0.869 -1.254246 1.483773lgdpdfrati~w | .0261797 .2539012 0.10 0.918 -.4714576 .5238169 lpopau | -.3182352 2.412375 -0.13 0.895 -5.046403 4.409932 lpop | .5398321 .0961555 5.61 0.000 .3513708 .7282934 lxrate1 | -.00271 .0215671 -0.13 0.900 -.0449807 .0395606 lremote | .3018081 .2389404 1.26 0.207 -.1665065 .7701226 ldist | -2.621038 .3970837 -6.60 0.000 -3.399307 -1.842768 lopen | .0255464 .0508891 0.50 0.616 -.0741944 .1252872 english | .6850303 .3300039 2.08 0.038 .0382346 1.331826 white | -.5563301 1.795255 -0.31 0.757 -4.074965 2.962305 lwhitemg | .1234781 .177961 0.69 0.488 -.225319 .4722752 _cons | 15.81216 23.54679 0.67 0.502 -30.33869 61.96302------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001705 lgdp | -.001202 .006533 lgdpau | -.000114 .00098 .487884lgdpdfrati~w | -.00013 .000257 -.038592 .064466 lpopau | -.006445 -.003477 -1.63207 .129626 5.81955 lpop | -.00006 -.004557 -.000526 -.000789 -.007883 .009246 lxrate1 | .000158 7.4e-06 -.000295 .001285 -.003165 -.000172 .000465 lremote | .002295 .003156 -.027071 -.008072 .084112 -.00285 -.000233 ldist | .004734 -.003327 -.016284 -.001222 .038793 .001525 .000547

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lopen | -.000082 .000332 .002468 .000428 -.010967 .000551 -.000034 english | -.003735 -.003051 -.000424 .002285 .014238 .002898 .000683 white | .005037 -.030635 -.002721 -.013204 -.081355 .037183 .002116 lwhitemg | -.000596 .00163 -.002451 .000656 .017505 -.002435 -.000176 _cons | .064736 -.032924 14.6926 -1.11665 -54.7378 .113828 .056028

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .057093 ldist | .029889 .157675 lopen | .000406 -.000884 .00259 english | -.011606 .043543 -.001434 .108903 white | .030563 .028599 -.001034 .13176 3.22294 lwhitemg | -.000078 -.001432 .000093 -.011737 -.309552 .03167 _cons | -1.49617 -1.96431 .107205 -.52508 .932067 -.205216 554.451

. xtgls lrxsitc5 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 529.74Log likelihood = -1045.094 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc5 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1088201 .0757375 1.44 0.151 -.0396226 .2572628 lgdp | .583215 .1381901 4.22 0.000 .3123674 .8540626 lgdpau | -.631765 .8167547 -0.77 0.439 -2.232575 .9690449lgdpdfrati~w | -.6734988 .3688696 -1.83 0.068 -1.39647 .0494723 lpopau | 6.659544 2.763128 2.41 0.016 1.243912 12.07518 lpop | .2672394 .125488 2.13 0.033 .0212875 .5131913 lxrate1 | -.1509749 .0345454 -4.37 0.000 -.2186826 -.0832672 lremote | .1626268 .2329833 0.70 0.485 -.2940121 .6192657 ldist | -3.084456 .4495709 -6.86 0.000 -3.965599 -2.203313 lopen | .1127547 .0910028 1.24 0.215 -.0656075 .2911169 english | .656542 .2630744 2.50 0.013 .1409256 1.172158 white | 12.65673 1.967271 6.43 0.000 8.800952 16.51251 lwhitemg | -1.211992 .1862549 -6.51 0.000 -1.577045 -.8469389 _cons | -79.27255 26.24476 -3.02 0.003 -130.7113 -27.83377------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .005736 lgdp | -.006243 .019096 lgdpau | -.004914 .00576 .667088lgdpdfrati~w | -.000181 -.001348 .034906 .136065 lpopau | .015698 -.030041 -2.17844 -.047144 7.63488 lpop | .001359 -.011954 -.001061 .001973 .004938 .015747 lxrate1 | .00046 .000978 .000622 .000566 -.003864 -.00126 .001193 lremote | .001081 .005971 -.031719 -.026857 .029162 -.006024 .001657 ldist | .014934 -.010309 -.024663 -.004344 .07781 .003017 .00065 lopen | -.000124 .0001 .001782 .002169 -.027045 .001793 -.000501 english | -.005296 .016873 .000227 -.004059 -.008989 -.011975 -.000352 white | .031561 -.052973 -.058744 -.037258 .104682 .048015 -.002414 lwhitemg | -.002903 .002275 .002243 .000863 -.004052 -.002281 .000113 _cons | -.199821 .179307 19.0305 .004551 -69.985 -.011924 .017841

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons

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-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .054281 ldist | .022288 .202114 lopen | .002157 -.000532 .008282 english | .008287 .027554 -.003883 .069208 white | .047908 .107963 -.004355 .039832 3.87016 lwhitemg | -.000889 -.012152 .000288 -.006385 -.355062 .034691 _cons | -.366748 -2.67735 .36569 -.368709 -1.39723 .138012 688.787

. xtgls lrxsitc6 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 780.81Log likelihood = -1114.282 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc6 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2696995 .0754686 3.57 0.000 .1217838 .4176153 lgdp | .5912034 .1129205 5.24 0.000 .3698833 .8125234 lgdpau | .2270235 1.153935 0.20 0.844 -2.034648 2.488695lgdpdfrati~w | -1.192254 .5592434 -2.13 0.033 -2.288351 -.0961575 lpopau | 1.705836 3.935005 0.43 0.665 -6.006631 9.418304 lpop | -.0377341 .1200357 -0.31 0.753 -.2729998 .1975316 lxrate1 | -.0365803 .0381834 -0.96 0.338 -.1114184 .0382578 lremote | .3908892 .2814116 1.39 0.165 -.1606673 .9424457 ldist | -2.632718 .4302874 -6.12 0.000 -3.476065 -1.78937 lopen | -.105612 .0951591 -1.11 0.267 -.2921205 .0808965 english | 1.19197 .2854861 4.18 0.000 .6324278 1.751513 white | 11.77458 1.381646 8.52 0.000 9.066602 14.48256 lwhitemg | -1.158585 .1334848 -8.68 0.000 -1.42021 -.8969592 _cons | -21.49085 36.88735 -0.58 0.560 -93.78872 50.80703------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .005696 lgdp | -.005577 .012751 lgdpau | -.005139 .008254 1.33157lgdpdfrati~w | -.00353 .004497 .037207 .312753 lpopau | .013459 -.031997 -4.40457 .052144 15.4843 lpop | .001246 -.009286 -.004005 -.000687 .011669 .014409 lxrate1 | .000532 .000804 .001995 .00056 -.011677 -.001251 .001458 lremote | .004617 -.002037 -.029397 -.046138 .000345 -.001721 .001691 ldist | .015077 -.01055 -.027299 -.023892 .057106 .00434 .000588 lopen | -.000405 .000907 .000139 .001076 -.024754 .000935 -.000364 english | -.006129 .010758 .004544 -3.8e-06 -.00427 -.006276 -.00067 white | .030548 -.054427 -.052929 -.039786 .113425 .055416 -.001766 lwhitemg | -.002581 .003233 .002075 -.000758 -.007548 -.003776 .000182 _cons | -.19925 .316303 38.5107 -1.61168 -141.513 -.133511 .114269

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .079192 ldist | .045265 .185147 lopen | .003972 .00099 .009055 english | .002308 .031975 -.003501 .081502 white | .077836 .118513 -.008997 .028161 1.90895 lwhitemg | -.001405 -.011202 .000599 -.003975 -.176632 .017818

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_cons | -.27005 -2.29662 .339576 -.49716 -2.12605 .195453 1360.68

. xtgls lrxsitc7 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 431.85Log likelihood = -1191.226 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc7 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2207266 .0517171 4.27 0.000 .1193629 .3220903 lgdp | .3238425 .1028467 3.15 0.002 .1222666 .5254184 lgdpau | -2.131085 1.311044 -1.63 0.104 -4.700683 .4385142lgdpdfrati~w | -2.242883 .6019162 -3.73 0.000 -3.422617 -1.063149 lpopau | 6.309609 4.478007 1.41 0.159 -2.467123 15.08634 lpop | .1062698 .0776785 1.37 0.171 -.0459773 .2585169 lxrate1 | -.1032357 .0382052 -2.70 0.007 -.1781165 -.0283549 lremote | 1.050124 .2594416 4.05 0.000 .541628 1.558621 ldist | -1.255795 .4115545 -3.05 0.002 -2.062427 -.4491632 lopen | .0018855 .1171735 0.02 0.987 -.2277703 .2315414 english | .641715 .185718 3.46 0.001 .2777144 1.005716 white | 7.709845 1.354953 5.69 0.000 5.054185 10.3655 lwhitemg | -.6272311 .1313212 -4.78 0.000 -.8846158 -.3698463 _cons | -47.69219 41.60232 -1.15 0.252 -129.2312 33.84686------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002675 lgdp | -.002609 .010577 lgdpau | -.003811 .00606 1.71884lgdpdfrati~w | -.001253 .000061 .087891 .362303 lpopau | .014526 -.037969 -5.73295 -.161582 20.0525 lpop | .000608 -.005495 -.00075 -.00109 .004223 .006034 lxrate1 | .000187 .001574 .000821 .000524 -.0064 -.001546 .00146 lremote | .000375 .000937 -.029064 -.047067 .052266 .001472 -.000629 ldist | .012674 -.005973 -.027649 -.027393 .051573 .005163 .001939 lopen | -.000186 .000299 .008619 .000436 -.06161 .003051 -.000431 english | -.002826 .005296 .00678 .006097 -.023887 .000843 .000835 white | .014115 -.030276 -.031222 -.056136 .098668 .030185 -.005375 lwhitemg | -.001582 .000964 -.000321 .000839 .002526 -.001772 .000115 _cons | -.231253 .376561 50.3351 .691598 -182.436 -.078448 .054049

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .06731 ldist | .041362 .169377 lopen | .004834 .007576 .01373 english | -.006796 -.000074 -.002035 .034491 white | .046925 .113 .003438 .046905 1.8359 lwhitemg | .001286 -.011715 -.000384 -.005077 -.168562 .017245 _cons | -1.08237 -2.10521 .639828 .136875 -2.14121 .083942 1730.75

. xtgls lrxsitc8 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

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Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 491.56Log likelihood = -970.169 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc8 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1477476 .0505709 2.92 0.003 .0486305 .2468647 lgdp | .4902815 .0981128 5.00 0.000 .2979839 .6825791 lgdpau | -1.243735 1.324307 -0.94 0.348 -3.839329 1.35186lgdpdfrati~w | -1.233365 .5515854 -2.24 0.025 -2.314453 -.1522778 lpopau | 3.64126 4.55244 0.80 0.424 -5.281358 12.56388 lpop | .0575322 .0949901 0.61 0.545 -.128645 .2437094 lxrate1 | -.0465922 .0385787 -1.21 0.227 -.1222051 .0290207 lremote | -.7625564 .2994787 -2.55 0.011 -1.349524 -.1755889 ldist | -2.904172 .4455503 -6.52 0.000 -3.777434 -2.030909 lopen | -.0419122 .1067737 -0.39 0.695 -.2511848 .1673604 english | .6700141 .1970478 3.40 0.001 .2838075 1.056221 white | 11.1563 1.714982 6.51 0.000 7.794994 14.5176 lwhitemg | -1.111452 .1526579 -7.28 0.000 -1.410657 -.8122484 _cons | -.7384932 42.75753 -0.02 0.986 -84.54171 83.06473------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002557 lgdp | -.002382 .009626 lgdpau | -.003079 .005698 1.75379lgdpdfrati~w | -.001256 .00008 -.028383 .304246 lpopau | .010771 -.027998 -5.88722 .180555 20.7247 lpop | -.000291 -.005681 -.001315 .000755 .004739 .009023 lxrate1 | 1.3e-06 .001446 .002278 .001679 -.01312 -.001457 .001488 lremote | .003606 .00046 -.020145 -.036348 .050693 -.002198 -.001421 ldist | .011341 -.008039 -.022273 -.014824 .057439 .002654 -.000649 lopen | -.000283 -.000199 .005685 .005214 -.049446 .002312 -.000075 english | -.002411 .003063 .007174 .006467 -.02375 -.001299 .002179 white | .012068 -.034379 .018019 -.01977 -.007851 .034529 -.005656 lwhitemg | -.001035 .001156 -.003142 -.000661 .007002 -.002077 .00031 _cons | -.192945 .269767 51.9736 -2.11636 -190.123 -.058733 .160396

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .089687 ldist | .048252 .198515 lopen | .003212 .00106 .011401 english | -.018613 .006634 -.002709 .038828 white | .030986 .113454 -.00157 .034098 2.94116 lwhitemg | .001737 -.010643 .000288 -.003429 -.252921 .023304 _cons | -1.50689 -2.59863 .60756 .240498 -1.53952 .068113 1828.21

. xtgls lrxsitc9 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000

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Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 770.09Log likelihood = -1566.201 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc9 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4363769 .0683893 6.38 0.000 .3023364 .5704174 lgdp | .189131 .1280539 1.48 0.140 -.0618502 .4401121 lgdpau | -2.955559 1.841254 -1.61 0.108 -6.56435 .6532316lgdpdfrati~w | -1.475476 .6359993 -2.32 0.020 -2.722012 -.2289406 lpopau | 19.7168 6.285407 3.14 0.002 7.397625 32.03597 lpop | .5085352 .1204335 4.22 0.000 .2724899 .7445805 lxrate1 | -.1313976 .0434236 -3.03 0.002 -.2165063 -.0462889 lremote | .403454 .320091 1.26 0.208 -.2239129 1.030821 ldist | -1.857138 .4488699 -4.14 0.000 -2.736906 -.9773687 lopen | -.1264688 .1389559 -0.91 0.363 -.3988174 .1458799 english | .2428892 .2761075 0.88 0.379 -.2982715 .7840499 white | 17.26006 2.533598 6.81 0.000 12.2943 22.22582 lwhitemg | -1.641607 .2451255 -6.70 0.000 -2.122044 -1.16117 _cons | -244.6348 58.20198 -4.20 0.000 -358.7086 -130.5611------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .004677 lgdp | -.005364 .016398 lgdpau | -.006514 .009674 3.39021lgdpdfrati~w | -.003 .004182 -.039121 .404495 lpopau | .020581 -.044999 -11.316 .170212 39.5063 lpop | .001734 -.010957 -.003748 -.002421 .009239 .014504 lxrate1 | -.000188 .001836 -.000651 .003214 -.006601 -.001512 .001886 lremote | .005497 -.003298 -.046542 -.025024 .050099 .002904 .001186 ldist | .01683 -.01238 -.035308 -.00465 .091381 .009777 -.000848 lopen | -.000384 -.000466 .007586 .008154 -.05417 .003946 -.000324 english | -.004435 .011515 .009408 .003154 -.049793 -.006383 .001786 white | .018521 -.048272 -.0591 -.061336 -.063731 .058723 .004531 lwhitemg | -.001386 .001675 .000257 .001999 .014105 -.002971 -.000414 _cons | -.309832 .460117 99.4387 -1.98799 -359.377 -.154725 .096865

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .102458 ldist | .049017 .201484 lopen | .006657 .004918 .019309 english | -.013238 .024065 -.005192 .076235 white | .149879 -.005106 .000834 -.022857 6.41912 lwhitemg | -.005193 .001489 .000169 .001296 -.609307 .060086 _cons | -.946382 -2.90934 .552349 .295782 1.42212 -.190961 3387.47

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.

.

.

.

. clear

. insheet using k:\book1.txt(104 vars, 1010 obs)

. *Dropping Mauritania

. drop if ccode==164780(10 observations deleted)

.

. *Descriptive stats after dropping

. tabstat rimp immig gdp gdpau gdpdefnew gdpdfau pop popau xrate1 remote dist op> en english gdpdfrationew white whitemg, stat(n mean sd median min max) col(sta> t)

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 1000 491197.8 1561183 8397.5 0 1.39e+07 immig | 1000 33462.02 117038.5 2986.5 0 1137050 gdp | 1000 2.79e+11 9.69e+11 1.74e+10 1.92e+08 8.99e+12 gdpau | 1000 3.83e+11 4.44e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 1000 105.68 16.86015 102.812 60.87417 207.3465 gdpdfau | 1000 100.7173 4.633489 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 1000 4.96e+07 1.54e+08 1.04e+07 41000 1.26e+09 popau | 1000 1.82e+07 612793.8 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 1000 1042.181 10901.79 13.89535 .0068 270182.6 remote | 1000 6742.503 4145.855 6797 1293 39620 dist | 1000 13327.73 3507.337 14215 2409 17972 open | 1000 .7058991 .389129 .63155 .0671 3.2192 english | 1000 .38 .4856293 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 1000 1.052374 .1810652 1.016437 .5844526 2.009028 white | 1000 .13 .3364717 0 0 1 whitemg | 1000 20501.65 116468.1 0 0 1137050--------------------------------------------------------------------------

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. sort white

. *IIIB. Descriptives Original Unites(sub sample for "white" and "non-white" cou> ntries)--RHS Variables:. by white: tabstat rimp immig gdp gdpau gdpdefnew gdpdfau pop popau xrate1 remo> te dist phone open english gdpdfrationew white whitemg, stat(n mean sd median > min max) col(stat)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------> white = 0

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 870 404947.1 1597577 3443.5 0 1.39e+07 immig | 870 14896.98 27125.08 1606 0 158613 gdp | 870 2.37e+11 1.00e+12 1.09e+10 1.92e+08 8.99e+12 gdpau | 870 3.83e+11 4.44e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 870 104.8047 17.21036 101.7094 60.87417 207.3465 gdpdfau | 870 100.7173 4.633836 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 870 5.35e+07 1.65e+08 1.07e+07 41000 1.26e+09 popau | 870 1.82e+07 612839.6 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 870 1181.916 11681.84 19.96485 .0068 270182.6 remote | 870 7169.346 4115.696 6955 1293 39620 dist | 870 13151.87 3389.726 14040 2410 17972 phone | 870 159.3117 241.8508 49.865 .54 1449.75 open | 870 .7129662 .4106135 .6248 .0671 3.2192 english | 870 .3908046 .4882114 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 870 1.043917 .1859411 1 .5844526 2.009028 white | 870 0 0 0 0 0 whitemg | 870 0 0 0 0 0--------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------> white = 1

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 130 1068414 1138347 522863.5 40432 3843839 immig | 130 157705 288518.8 21174 2612 1137050 gdp | 130 5.56e+11 6.58e+11 2.54e+11 5.15e+10 2.69e+12 gdpau | 130 3.83e+11 4.46e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 130 111.5379 12.89742 112.2247 85.45601 143.9587 gdpdfau | 130 100.7173 4.649088 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 130 2.34e+07 2.55e+07 8837000 3477200 8.22e+07 popau | 130 1.82e+07 614856.7 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 130 107.0323 293.6987 4.4722 .3774 1261.556 remote | 130 3885.938 3089.96 2888 1530 12501 dist | 130 14504.62 4031.974 15931 2409 17493 phone | 130 734.716 269.9717 652.085 343.99 1487.08 open | 130 .6586038 .1850905 .64065 .3517 1.2967 english | 130 .3076923 .4633239 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 130 1.108974 .1314272 1.116445 .8254872 1.441221 white | 130 1 0 1 1 1 whitemg | 130 157705 288518.8 21174 2612 1137050--------------------------------------------------------------------------

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.

.

. **Regression of Exports

. tsset ccode year panel variable: ccode, 117100 to 725980 time variable: year, 1991 to 2000

.

. **I. Aggregate Imports

. xtgls lrexp limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremo> te ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 6446.46Log likelihood = -1002.005 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrexp | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .5488294 .0379142 14.48 0.000 .4745189 .62314 lgdp | 1.05227 .0384658 27.36 0.000 .9768785 1.127662 lgdpau | -3.381235 .8942726 -3.78 0.000 -5.133977 -1.628493lgdpdfrati~w | -1.800053 .3488286 -5.16 0.000 -2.483745 -1.116362 lpopau | 5.163925 3.116378 1.66 0.098 -.9440643 11.27191 lpop | -.0077426 .0419766 -0.18 0.854 -.0900153 .07453 lxrate1 | -.0029144 .0153374 -0.19 0.849 -.0329752 .0271463 lremote | .1000148 .0837583 1.19 0.232 -.0641485 .264178 ldist | -1.475348 .1547283 -9.54 0.000 -1.77861 -1.172086 lopen | .840792 .0826598 10.17 0.000 .6787817 1.002802 english | .2422565 .1010983 2.40 0.017 .0441074 .4404055 white | 3.191683 .5493531 5.81 0.000 2.114971 4.268396 lwhitemg | -.3915326 .0500582 -7.82 0.000 -.4896448 -.2934204 _cons | -1.226903 28.94443 -0.04 0.966 -57.95694 55.50314------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001437 lgdp | -.000785 .00148 lgdpau | -.003032 .002695 .799723lgdpdfrati~w | .000778 -.001233 -.027436 .121681 lpopau | .011639 -.011395 -2.73928 .149359 9.71181 lpop | .000057 -.0008 .000696 -.000098 -.005595 .001762 lxrate1 | .000011 .000195 .000029 .000013 -.000578 -.000075 .000235 lremote | -.00029 .00139 .004414 -.002617 -.024557 -.000179 .000101 ldist | .003428 -.001532 -.00428 .002984 .005026 .001475 .000639 lopen | -.000523 .000341 .011092 -.001855 -.060989 .000852 -.000032 english | -.000762 .001773 -.002293 .000851 .015747 -.001019 .000505 white | .007333 -.00108 -.009627 -.008958 .017792 .008831 .001801 lwhitemg | -.000814 .000136 .00103 .000563 -.002117 -.000767 -.000154 _cons | -.13893 .104824 24.4538 -1.87039 -89.0615 .053258 -.002576

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .007015 ldist | .003605 .023941 lopen | .002276 .001543 .006833 english | .000149 .001857 -.003164 .010221 white | .013758 .031653 -.001887 .005499 .301789

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lwhitemg | -.001044 -.003217 .000145 -.000299 -.027119 .002506 _cons | .172078 -.249101 .678482 -.249719 -.654255 .064913 837.78

.

. **II. Conservative Estimates

. *2.1. Aggregate reference priced Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrrefp_cx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 7705.94Log likelihood = -1434.056 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_cx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3559561 .0460476 7.73 0.000 .2657045 .4462078 lgdp | 1.07904 .0671429 16.07 0.000 .9474422 1.210638 lgdpau | -.3124476 .5217831 -0.60 0.549 -1.335124 .7102285lgdpdfrati~w | -.2429026 .3032755 -0.80 0.423 -.8373117 .3515065 lpopau | 2.955851 1.876562 1.58 0.115 -.7221427 6.633844 lpop | .0335761 .0937385 0.36 0.720 -.150148 .2173003 lxrate1 | -.0382107 .0300995 -1.27 0.204 -.0972045 .0207832 lremote | -.2778073 .1674857 -1.66 0.097 -.6060732 .0504586 ldist | -3.169567 .3833167 -8.27 0.000 -3.920853 -2.41828 lopen | -.0732724 .055531 -1.32 0.187 -.1821111 .0355663 english | .6213231 .1798483 3.45 0.001 .268827 .9738193 white | 7.88974 1.084486 7.28 0.000 5.764188 10.01529 lwhitemg | -.8565166 .1154598 -7.42 0.000 -1.082814 -.6302194 _cons | -30.54157 18.85724 -1.62 0.105 -67.50107 6.417936------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .00212 lgdp | -.001616 .004508 lgdpau | .001095 -.001218 .272258lgdpdfrati~w | -.001932 .003195 -.025186 .091976 lpopau | -.005077 .003289 -.94322 .112243 3.52148 lpop | -.000103 -.004737 .003424 -.001353 -.018622 .008787 lxrate1 | .000135 .000396 .00063 .002667 -.006395 -.000576 .000906 lremote | .000179 .000194 -.022009 .002539 .093326 -.003528 .000603 ldist | .009261 -.01103 .003932 .002222 -.027983 .005323 .002173 lopen | .000039 -.000217 .002499 .001177 -.01199 .001143 -.000355 english | -.001137 -.001546 .006254 .004232 -.044694 .003132 .001591 white | .010727 -.025442 .021705 -.003813 -.150768 .031778 .001695 lwhitemg | -.001544 .001993 -.004539 .000552 .022818 -.002041 -.000139 _cons | -.005852 .057533 8.65438 -1.39065 -34.0842 .172006 .056938

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .028051 ldist | .003561 .146932 lopen | -.00192 .000938 .003084 english | -.00513 .000171 -.00065 .032345 white | -.011724 .058093 .002725 .038243 1.17611 lwhitemg | .004141 -.007164 -.000595 -.001743 -.11996 .013331 _cons | -1.20752 -.965382 .130036 .589989 1.47862 -.232127 355.595

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.

.

. *2.2. Aggregate Differentiated Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrdiff_cx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 3575.19Log likelihood = -1547.739 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_cx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4701472 .0542546 8.67 0.000 .3638102 .5764842 lgdp | 1.092101 .0624338 17.49 0.000 .9697331 1.214469 lgdpau | 2.330653 2.049079 1.14 0.255 -1.685469 6.346775lgdpdfrati~w | -2.145093 .8256675 -2.60 0.009 -3.763371 -.5268142 lpopau | -8.340965 7.054388 -1.18 0.237 -22.16731 5.485381 lpop | -.1684013 .0799983 -2.11 0.035 -.3251951 -.0116076 lxrate1 | -.0645027 .0283355 -2.28 0.023 -.1200392 -.0089661 lremote | -.0377134 .2006477 -0.19 0.851 -.4309757 .3555489 ldist | -2.254282 .2352675 -9.58 0.000 -2.715398 -1.793167 lopen | .0947818 .0906701 1.05 0.296 -.0829283 .2724918 english | .6916496 .1800868 3.84 0.000 .3386861 1.044613 white | 2.678215 1.131816 2.37 0.018 .4598961 4.896534 lwhitemg | -.2636798 .1032143 -2.55 0.011 -.4659761 -.0613835 _cons | 81.3066 64.90616 1.25 0.210 -45.90713 208.5203------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002944 lgdp | -.001959 .003898 lgdpau | -.002643 .005474 4.19873lgdpdfrati~w | -.003412 .00145 -.209301 .681727 lpopau | .008737 -.026839 -14.2417 .978687 49.7644 lpop | .000072 -.003318 -.000672 .001288 .005349 .0064 lxrate1 | .000242 .000483 .00092 -.000408 -.00714 -.000884 .000803 lremote | .00404 -.002385 .003732 -.00748 -.033018 -.000437 .000953 ldist | .006724 -.005677 -.006756 .012655 .01665 .002113 .002902 lopen | -.000398 .000766 .015342 .002679 -.078547 .00117 -.00012 english | -.003104 .002329 -.000438 .010089 .012332 -.003009 .001192 white | .019436 -.019042 .039483 -.125088 -.178691 .009379 .002345 lwhitemg | -.001786 .001276 -.003254 .010609 .014484 -.000159 -.000149 _cons | -.147953 .349368 126.267 -11.5537 -452.546 -.111269 .057154

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .04026 ldist | .021644 .055351 lopen | .004164 .000592 .008221 english | -.013776 .001537 -.003443 .032431 white | .07993 .028146 -.002285 -.010323 1.28101 lwhitemg | -.004632 -.000541 .000354 .000945 -.113466 .010653 _cons | -.061511 -.784598 .830702 -.100659 1.22392 -.133313 4212.81

.

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. *2.3. Aggregate Homogenous Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrhomo_cx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1154.33Log likelihood = -1644.701 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_cx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .6258994 .0645778 9.69 0.000 .4993293 .7524694 lgdp | .6660964 .1089833 6.11 0.000 .4524929 .8796998 lgdpau | 1.185823 1.803003 0.66 0.511 -2.347997 4.719644lgdpdfrati~w | -.0971235 .654209 -0.15 0.882 -1.37935 1.185103 lpopau | -10.38082 6.179851 -1.68 0.093 -22.49311 1.731466 lpop | .148973 .1086839 1.37 0.170 -.0640435 .3619895 lxrate1 | .0729578 .0436338 1.67 0.095 -.012563 .1584786 lremote | -1.053212 .3067555 -3.43 0.001 -1.654442 -.4519824 ldist | -.9259488 .5874854 -1.58 0.115 -2.077399 .2255014 lopen | .238965 .1142448 2.09 0.036 .0150494 .4628806 english | .2621833 .3230986 0.81 0.417 -.3710783 .8954448 white | 12.28153 2.891091 4.25 0.000 6.615095 17.94796 lwhitemg | -1.410627 .2968108 -4.75 0.000 -1.992365 -.8288885 _cons | 143.1114 57.79105 2.48 0.013 29.84305 256.3798------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .00417 lgdp | -.00473 .011877 lgdpau | .002816 -.004299 3.25082

lgdpdfrati~w | -.00701 .013181 -.100801 .427989 lpopau | -.016162 .003708 -10.8728 .50272 38.1906 lpop | .000753 -.006468 -.001166 -.003157 .004563 .011812 lxrate1 | -.000114 .001349 .003274 .003741 -.024811 -.00135 .001904 lremote | .001747 .007478 -.052195 .008214 .142501 -.006584 -.000321 ldist | .020472 -.016074 -.00894 -.011135 -.06437 .012168 .001638 lopen | -.00107 .001258 -.017602 .00421 .031028 .001654 .000339 english | -.004507 .006285 .023514 .016878 -.107952 .00564 .004231 white | .017588 -.038393 .150759 -.033473 -.705776 .039557 .00386 lwhitemg | -.001738 .002557 -.018185 .002411 .083695 -.003221 -.000363 _cons | .063211 -.016595 95.7911 -6.33584 -349.564 -.14169 .294571

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .094099 ldist | .051533 .345139 lopen | .003329 -.003975 .013052 english | -.025334 -.002098 -.002595 .104393 white | -.002877 -.002556 -.007745 .12321 8.35841 lwhitemg | .004442 -.000933 .000888 -.013671 -.846323 .088097 _cons | -2.37452 -2.36943 -.086512 1.15412 7.9369 -.937715 3339.81

.

. **III. Liberal Estimates

. *3.1. Aggregate reference priced Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrrefp_lx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

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Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1916.52Log likelihood = -1439.053 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_lx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .34788 .0483141 7.20 0.000 .2531862 .4425738 lgdp | 1.00118 .0933086 10.73 0.000 .8182983 1.184061 lgdpau | -.1919711 .5189195 -0.37 0.711 -1.209035 .8250925lgdpdfrati~w | .1131562 .2582217 0.44 0.661 -.392949 .6192614 lpopau | -2.844313 1.827491 -1.56 0.120 -6.42613 .7375041 lpop | .1314173 .0999402 1.31 0.189 -.0644618 .3272964 lxrate1 | -.0100524 .0285957 -0.35 0.725 -.066099 .0459942 lremote | -.2212308 .1618456 -1.37 0.172 -.5384424 .0959808 ldist | -2.231882 .4873933 -4.58 0.000 -3.187156 -1.276609 lopen | .0257805 .0532439 0.48 0.628 -.0785756 .1301366 english | 1.157512 .2779728 4.16 0.000 .6126958 1.702329 white | 10.77856 2.089781 5.16 0.000 6.682664 14.87446 lwhitemg | -1.090075 .2039699 -5.34 0.000 -1.489849 -.6903015 _cons | 52.72609 18.38959 2.87 0.004 16.68316 88.76902------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002334 lgdp | -.002905 .008706 lgdpau | .001972 -.005677 .269277lgdpdfrati~w | -.00201 .004905 -.026906 .066678 lpopau | -.008241 .016144 -.920083 .113968 3.33972 lpop | .000783 -.005956 .004623 -.003434 -.02372 .009988 lxrate1 | .000152 -5.8e-06 .001717 .001597 -.008567 -.000299 .000818 lremote | .000388 .001488 -.021929 .002842 .080493 -.003245 -9.9e-06 ldist | .005113 -.003635 -.005984 .001411 -.01241 .008621 .001929 lopen | .000021 -.000248 .002218 .001032 -.009759 .000812 -.000152 english | -.003399 .005953 .00231 .005822 -.020286 .000549 .001587 white | .012914 -.040037 .035567 -.008272 -.158429 .03319 .011465 lwhitemg | -.001385 .002748 -.004503 .000665 .020067 -.002057 -.00102 _cons | .076043 -.192078 8.51624 -1.3475 -31.8984 .195852 .077557

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .026194 ldist | .013458 .237552 lopen | -.001444 -.001405 .002835 english | -.00388 .049906 -.001198 .077269 white | .027688 -.195771 -.003079 -.022753 4.36719 lwhitemg | -.000755 .01974 .000104 .003311 -.421759 .041604 _cons | -1.10611 -2.13098 .124068 -.326546 3.59467 -.416586 338.177

.

. *3.2. Aggregate Differentiated Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrdiff_lx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

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Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 3555.14Log likelihood = -1565.157 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_lx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4367595 .0573677 7.61 0.000 .3243208 .5491982 lgdp | 1.182621 .0686387 17.23 0.000 1.048092 1.317151 lgdpau | 2.131297 2.12867 1.00 0.317 -2.04082 6.303414lgdpdfrati~w | -2.330769 .8275284 -2.82 0.005 -3.952695 -.7088433 lpopau | -7.866307 7.325702 -1.07 0.283 -22.22442 6.491806 lpop | -.2732962 .0817145 -3.34 0.001 -.4334536 -.1131388 lxrate1 | -.0273828 .0284459 -0.96 0.336 -.0831358 .0283701 lremote | .0765107 .1953279 0.39 0.695 -.306325 .4593463 ldist | -2.227793 .2323458 -9.59 0.000 -2.683182 -1.772404 lopen | .1211445 .0994883 1.22 0.223 -.0738488 .3161379 english | .8001314 .1956111 4.09 0.000 .4167407 1.183522 white | 2.898199 1.150099 2.52 0.012 .6440456 5.152352 lwhitemg | -.2732168 .1051722 -2.60 0.009 -.4793505 -.0670831 _cons | 77.16705 67.3641 1.15 0.252 -54.86416 209.1983------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .003291 lgdp | -.002552 .004711 lgdpau | -.003456 .00639 4.53124lgdpdfrati~w | -.00375 .002715 -.216234 .684803 lpopau | .01255 -.031529 -15.3659 .986708 53.6659 lpop | .000775 -.004027 -.00101 -.000806 .00675 .006677 lxrate1 | .000064 .000671 .000877 .000413 -.007438 -.001036 .000809 lremote | .003731 -.002585 .000991 -.005105 -.023773 .000955 .000714 ldist | .006962 -.00618 -.008732 .013636 .022958 .002819 .002391 lopen | -.000512 .000834 .016016 .003207 -.086353 .001548 -.000172 english | -.004694 .004338 .001911 .013357 .001473 -.004663 .001553 white | .018345 -.020077 .03338 -.121672 -.141058 .011717 .000153 lwhitemg | -.001719 .001383 -.002837 .010559 .011434 -.000338 .000062 _cons | -.18771 .403605 136.234 -11.5336 -487.877 -.133624 .068472

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .038153 ldist | .020907 .053985 lopen | .004654 .00066 .009898 english | -.015274 -.000194 -.003783 .038264 white | .078384 .008067 -.00327 -.019624 1.32273 lwhitemg | -.004683 .001399 .000477 .001928 -.117624 .011061 _cons | -.134105 -.817288 .932055 .030582 .962267 -.11249 4537.92

.

. *3.3. Aggregate Homogenous Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrhomo_lx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

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Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 2804.71Log likelihood = -1530.173 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_lx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .5431677 .044057 12.33 0.000 .4568176 .6295179 lgdp | 1.097537 .0682467 16.08 0.000 .9637758 1.231298 lgdpau | -.4414544 .6799516 -0.65 0.516 -1.774135 .8912263lgdpdfrati~w | -.4646477 .4813397 -0.97 0.334 -1.408056 .4787607 lpopau | 2.158248 2.438316 0.89 0.376 -2.620763 6.93726 lpop | -.1480234 .0830392 -1.78 0.075 -.3107772 .0147304 lxrate1 | -.0336431 .0301253 -1.12 0.264 -.0926877 .0254014 lremote | -.7616509 .1927639 -3.95 0.000 -1.139461 -.3838406 ldist | -2.037889 .3087498 -6.60 0.000 -2.643027 -1.43275 lopen | .0359164 .0724936 0.50 0.620 -.1061685 .1780013 english | .7783297 .2340292 3.33 0.001 .3196409 1.237019 white | 5.649064 2.05102 2.75 0.006 1.629138 9.668989 lwhitemg | -.776307 .2098719 -3.70 0.000 -1.187648 -.3649656 _cons | -18.31341 24.43036 -0.75 0.453 -66.19604 29.56923------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001941 lgdp | -.001855 .004658 lgdpau | .00019 -.003297 .462334lgdpdfrati~w | -.003437 .003754 -.057879 .231688 lpopau | -.000938 .005752 -1.59791 .302516 5.94539 lpop | .000102 -.003233 .003881 .000834 -.020499 .006896 lxrate1 | -.000339 .000685 .001365 .002713 -.010059 -.000306 .000908 lremote | .001514 .001477 -.02785 .002513 .119156 -.004257 .000143 ldist | .006209 -.008961 -.003751 .000899 -.005836 .010766 .000702 lopen | .000071 -.000829 -.000317 .005232 -.004249 .001749 -.000309 english | -.001104 .001419 .015676 .00727 -.098761 .003075 .002934 white | .008541 -.011134 .036089 -.010143 -.243569 .018177 .006637 lwhitemg | -.000764 .000702 -.004563 .001498 .028285 -.001496 -.00048 _cons | -.02924 .012501 14.7234 -3.86575 -57.7812 .13791 .107824

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .037158 ldist | .01547 .095326 lopen | -.001992 .001096 .005255 english | -.013701 .015235 -.001326 .05477 white | .008536 .059404 -.002745 .067754 4.20668 lwhitemg | .001393 -.004254 .000167 -.006778 -.424869 .044046 _cons | -1.69491 -.858106 .075665 1.09784 2.32811 -.306313 596.843

.

. *IV. Aggregate NON-Manufacturing Imports (Sum of Sitc0,1,2,3,4)

. xtgls lrxnmf limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremo> te ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 584.20Log likelihood = -1172.036 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

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------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxnmf | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4529121 .0698248 6.49 0.000 .3160581 .5897661 lgdp | .4500107 .1114297 4.04 0.000 .2316125 .668409 lgdpau | -3.098656 1.361361 -2.28 0.023 -5.766874 -.4304379lgdpdfrati~w | -1.485964 .6270085 -2.37 0.018 -2.714878 -.2570494 lpopau | 12.91529 4.659392 2.77 0.006 3.783051 22.04753 lpop | .0954555 .1102234 0.87 0.386 -.1205783 .3114893 lxrate1 | -.0964471 .039695 -2.43 0.015 -.1742478 -.0186464 lremote | -.1913545 .3109943 -0.62 0.538 -.8008921 .4181831 ldist | -1.802439 .4136704 -4.36 0.000 -2.613218 -.9916596 lopen | -.2058874 .1593258 -1.29 0.196 -.5181603 .1063855 english | .7998987 .2588072 3.09 0.002 .2926459 1.307152 white | 12.64683 1.404747 9.00 0.000 9.893578 15.40008 lwhitemg | -1.375929 .1192496 -11.54 0.000 -1.609654 -1.142204 _cons | -120.9136 43.42192 -2.78 0.005 -206.019 -35.80823------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .004875 lgdp | -.004406 .012417 lgdpau | -.005722 .007917 1.8533lgdpdfrati~w | -.003289 .003021 .048214 .39314 lpopau | .02022 -.043618 -6.16799 .004077 21.7099 lpop | .000253 -.007039 -.000031 -.000122 -.001573 .012149 lxrate1 | -.00019 .00189 .000671 .00074 -.006716 -.002066 .001576 lremote | .002738 .000955 -.033884 -.057397 .011923 -.002579 .001116 ldist | .015505 -.011657 -.022635 -.012378 .038117 .009928 .00076 lopen | .000082 -.000184 .009411 -.001247 -.092011 .004876 -.000925 english | -.006498 .011042 .010085 .015525 -.016816 -.004676 .00301 white | .022629 -.038616 -.021974 -.062147 .082986 .044055 -.005906 lwhitemg | -.002413 .002175 -.001344 .000143 -.001318 -.003271 .000581 _cons | -.286716 .462136 54.0163 -1.17725 -198.053 -.067694 .060214

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .096717 ldist | .027801 .171123 lopen | .010006 .003978 .025385 english | -.01626 -.005036 -.013019 .066981 white | .035879 .145439 -.014063 .076734 1.97331 lwhitemg | .005093 -.015831 .001374 -.008133 -.156846 .01422 _cons | -.351958 -1.8858 1.11024 .003678 -2.46094 .185945 1885.46

.

. *V. Aggregate Manufacturing Imports (Sum of Sitc5,6,7,8,9)

. xtgls lrxmfn limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremot> e ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1151.18Log likelihood = -961.127 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxmfn | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------

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limmig | .2670175 .0423329 6.31 0.000 .1840466 .3499884 lgdp | .3332896 .0895281 3.72 0.000 .1578177 .5087614 lgdpau | -2.623672 1.118444 -2.35 0.019 -4.815782 -.4315624lgdpdfrati~w | -4.423723 .4660846 -9.49 0.000 -5.337233 -3.510214 lpopau | 10.21503 3.863416 2.64 0.008 2.642877 17.78719 lpop | .1527839 .0720703 2.12 0.034 .0115287 .294039 lxrate1 | -.0742732 .0274476 -2.71 0.007 -.1280694 -.020477 lremote | .5193247 .1682977 3.09 0.002 .1894673 .8491822 ldist | -2.375686 .2276385 -10.44 0.000 -2.821849 -1.929523 lopen | -.086719 .0526139 -1.65 0.099 -.1898403 .0164022 english | .4290017 .1566461 2.74 0.006 .121981 .7360223 white | 9.513225 .808975 11.76 0.000 7.927663 11.09879 lwhitemg | -.8617682 .071422 -12.07 0.000 -1.001753 -.7217837 _cons | -82.1014 35.95055 -2.28 0.022 -152.5632 -11.63961------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001792 lgdp | -.002478 .008015 lgdpau | -.002632 .006126 1.25092lgdpdfrati~w | -.002248 .004997 -.045049 .217235 lpopau | .012073 -.032405 -4.23911 .225334 14.926 lpop | .001648 -.005619 -.002854 -.003386 .014595 .005194 lxrate1 | -.000207 .001228 .001003 .000665 -.0073 -.000955 .000753 lremote | .001809 -.00363 -.004104 -.012617 -.006663 .003538 -.000061 ldist | .005605 -.008818 -.012211 -.00831 .052895 .007141 -.000626 lopen | -.00011 .000175 .004742 .001996 -.02349 .000629 -.000071 english | -.001755 .003422 .001158 .003309 .000287 -.000956 .000449 white | .016037 -.030583 -.025569 -.031002 .089703 .032289 -.005793 lwhitemg | -.001253 .001266 .001173 .000578 -.004493 -.001851 .000366 _cons | -.179586 .405745 37.629 -2.64165 -136.708 -.224604 .086988

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .028324 ldist | .018077 .051819 lopen | .000691 .000208 .002768 english | -.002441 .008257 -.000758 .024538 white | .058856 .074511 .001876 .00581 .65444 lwhitemg | -.002608 -.005185 -.000268 -.000466 -.054022 .005101 _cons | -.173036 -1.15115 .244804 -.160158 -1.93323 .124588 1292.44

.

.

. **VI. SITC-1 Digit Level Disaggregate Imports

. xtgls lrxsitc0 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 868.66Log likelihood = -1426.738 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc0 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3671794 .0864267 4.25 0.000 .1977862 .5365726 lgdp | .354346 .1407951 2.52 0.012 .0783927 .6302994 lgdpau | -.8524528 1.087347 -0.78 0.433 -2.983614 1.278708lgdpdfrati~w | -.7461131 .5405316 -1.38 0.167 -1.805536 .3133095

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lpopau | 10.35856 3.679684 2.82 0.005 3.14651 17.57061 lpop | -.0286291 .1381068 -0.21 0.836 -.2993136 .2420553 lxrate1 | -.0819924 .0457385 -1.79 0.073 -.1716382 .0076533 lremote | .2880532 .2440724 1.18 0.238 -.1903198 .7664263 ldist | -2.083763 .4618747 -4.51 0.000 -2.989021 -1.178505 lopen | -.4407743 .1791998 -2.46 0.014 -.7919994 -.0895492 english | 1.649126 .3146495 5.24 0.000 1.032425 2.265828 white | 20.27504 1.827554 11.09 0.000 16.6931 23.85698 lwhitemg | -1.96969 .1754039 -11.23 0.000 -2.313475 -1.625904 _cons | -137.4203 34.59451 -3.97 0.000 -205.2243 -69.61631------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .00747 lgdp | -.009525 .019823 lgdpau | -.009707 .010149 1.18232lgdpdfrati~w | -.002242 -.003122 .114987 .292174 lpopau | .03148 -.027065 -3.84917 -.208663 13.5401 lpop | .003595 -.012192 -.001662 .002292 -.017379 .019074 lxrate1 | .000563 .000952 -.00051 -.000259 .004035 -.001927 .002092 lremote | .002263 .0027 -.039178 -.052499 .000965 -.001367 -.000127 ldist | .019422 -.021444 -.047196 -.034082 .083159 .022391 .002673 lopen | -.000906 -.00033 .006704 -.007288 -.092376 .007307 -.001245 english | -.010414 .009298 .009332 .00237 -.054911 .002715 .003189 white | .036521 -.075949 -.044468 -.038174 .030114 .083729 .003427 lwhitemg | -.003345 .00547 .001049 .000211 -.006159 -.006463 -.000365 _cons | -.354849 .158539 33.3541 .959269 -123.624 .091941 -.082074

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .059571 ldist | .041797 .213328 lopen | .011801 .004223 .032113 english | -.002687 .015904 -.007728 .099004 white | .029005 .170353 -.002518 .11166 3.33995 lwhitemg | .000684 -.014059 .000903 -.007549 -.313011 .030767 _cons | .112941 -2.50143 1.14686 .297272 -1.04914 .206191 1196.78

. xtgls lrxsitc1 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 858.12Log likelihood = -235.2 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc1 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0035344 .0152079 0.23 0.816 -.0262724 .0333413 lgdp | .0538482 .0393145 1.37 0.171 -.0232069 .1309033 lgdpau | .0398278 .2687505 0.15 0.882 -.4869135 .566569lgdpdfrati~w | -.0868322 .1457534 -0.60 0.551 -.3725035 .1988392 lpopau | 3.047517 .9711575 3.14 0.002 1.144084 4.950951 lpop | .2210652 .0485045 4.56 0.000 .1259982 .3161322 lxrate1 | -.0322687 .0134805 -2.39 0.017 -.0586901 -.0058473 lremote | -.0638691 .0938558 -0.68 0.496 -.2478231 .1200849 ldist | -3.317097 .3309429 -10.02 0.000 -3.965733 -2.668461 lopen | -.0374323 .0261545 -1.43 0.152 -.0886942 .0138295 english | 1.28877 .1473715 8.75 0.000 .9999269 1.577613

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white | 19.58287 1.279444 15.31 0.000 17.07521 22.09054 lwhitemg | -1.579376 .1202844 -13.13 0.000 -1.815129 -1.343623 _cons | -23.27486 10.81654 -2.15 0.031 -44.4749 -2.074821------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000231 lgdp | -.000146 .001546 lgdpau | .000285 -.001012 .072227lgdpdfrati~w | -.000232 .000458 -.005808 .021244 lpopau | -.001317 .004889 -.246785 .028028 .943147 lpop | -.000077 -.001207 .000116 .000038 -.003285 .002353 lxrate1 | .000022 -.00001 .000358 .000331 -.003041 .000036 .000182 lremote | .00017 .000831 -.005728 -.000464 .016851 -.000168 .000084 ldist | .001028 .002197 -.007228 -.000104 .027351 -.00056 -.000383 lopen | .000027 -.000082 .000073 -.000013 -.001741 .000124 -.000018 english | -.000289 .000439 -.000945 -.000374 .01167 .000945 -4.8e-07 white | .000702 -.005874 .00241 -.003862 -.030871 .009841 .000485 lwhitemg | -.00011 .000149 -.000326 .000255 .001682 -.000669 -4.7e-06 _cons | .006618 -.098332 2.34285 -.340157 -9.65197 .048939 .042584

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .008809 ldist | .010142 .109523 lopen | -.000042 -.000313 .000684 english | .001202 .017306 -.000435 .021718 white | .006852 .023054 -.00015 .030739 1.63698 lwhitemg | -.00034 -.004005 .000053 -.003434 -.149379 .014468 _cons | -.320566 -1.44956 .030536 -.371236 .137816 .02979 116.998

. xtgls lrxsitc2 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 747.58Log likelihood = -1312.643 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc2 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2139046 .0582599 3.67 0.000 .0997172 .328092 lgdp | .7152957 .1148464 6.23 0.000 .4902008 .9403906 lgdpau | -5.13026 1.941072 -2.64 0.008 -8.934691 -1.325829lgdpdfrati~w | .1571085 .865515 0.18 0.856 -1.53927 1.853487 lpopau | 15.58786 6.717544 2.32 0.020 2.421721 28.75401 lpop | .1300143 .1276884 1.02 0.309 -.1202503 .380279 lxrate1 | -.0541385 .0373263 -1.45 0.147 -.1272967 .0190197 lremote | -.8710969 .3402743 -2.56 0.010 -1.538022 -.2041716 ldist | -2.981519 .4561683 -6.54 0.000 -3.875593 -2.087446 lopen | -.2781926 .1851866 -1.50 0.133 -.6411516 .0847664 english | .3212938 .2666007 1.21 0.228 -.201234 .8438217 white | 10.70679 1.522281 7.03 0.000 7.723169 13.6904 lwhitemg | -1.228921 .1574162 -7.81 0.000 -1.537451 -.9203911 _cons | -103.1475 62.71921 -1.64 0.100 -226.0749 19.77992------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

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| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .003394 lgdp | -.004633 .01319 lgdpau | -.004411 .009093 3.76776lgdpdfrati~w | -.005401 .005734 -.085674 .749116 lpopau | .01853 -.055245 -12.7365 .602445 45.1254 lpop | .001864 -.009304 .002203 -.002713 -.018111 .016304 lxrate1 | -.000469 .001792 .001823 .004209 -.010797 -.001391 .001393 lremote | .005131 -.009266 -.0204 -.059402 .029541 .001511 -.006066 ldist | .016721 -.019799 -.014782 -.03782 -.018344 .013439 -.002332 lopen | -.000401 .000195 .020501 -.0036 -.172778 .007845 -.001191 english | -.001645 .005721 .004353 .017772 -.014392 -.000274 .003643 white | .030267 -.061118 -.028784 -.031686 .185107 .062784 -.004357 lwhitemg | -.002501 .003422 -.000402 -.002195 -.004165 -.004838 -.000225 _cons | -.334511 .811202 112.642 -7.72683 -414.025 .057157 .181294

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .115787 ldist | .051207 .20809 lopen | .017896 .011457 .034294 english | -.017764 .017198 -.008119 .071076 white | .066359 .195149 -.007743 .105615 2.31734 lwhitemg | .004626 -.017969 .001636 -.013099 -.229037 .02478 _cons | -1.21911 -1.54777 1.97166 -.047661 -4.5487 .231213 3933.7

. xtgls lrxsitc3 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 269.76Log likelihood = -719.7469 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc3 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0653533 .0453401 1.44 0.149 -.0235117 .1542184 lgdp | .1425304 .1074192 1.33 0.185 -.0680073 .3530682 lgdpau | -.015558 .8664988 -0.02 0.986 -1.713864 1.682748lgdpdfrati~w | .1927059 .3029308 0.64 0.525 -.4010276 .7864393 lpopau | -1.953014 2.984245 -0.65 0.513 -7.802026 3.895998 lpop | .6569805 .1169477 5.62 0.000 .4277672 .8861938 lxrate1 | .038265 .0325793 1.17 0.240 -.0255892 .1021192 lremote | -.1469543 .2901378 -0.51 0.613 -.7156139 .4217054 ldist | -2.324284 .5944892 -3.91 0.000 -3.489461 -1.159107 lopen | .0049259 .0616776 0.08 0.936 -.1159599 .1258118 english | 1.742691 .3793845 4.59 0.000 .999111 2.486271 white | 15.08108 2.455981 6.14 0.000 10.26745 19.89472 lwhitemg | -1.19407 .2252867 -5.30 0.000 -1.635624 -.7525161 _cons | 43.1542 28.85295 1.50 0.135 -13.39655 99.70494------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002056 lgdp | -.001621 .011539 lgdpau | .002585 -.002102 .75082lgdpdfrati~w | -.001594 .00253 -.023912 .091767 lpopau | -.015983 -.001074 -2.51346 .091191 8.90572

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lpop | .000178 -.008409 -.000978 -.000582 .003407 .013677 lxrate1 | .000156 .000372 .001563 .002063 -.010368 -.000534 .001061 lremote | .001139 .00653 -.041875 -.013127 .131845 -.005106 -.000808 ldist | .007648 -.002509 -.000611 .000753 -.041515 .007018 .002382 lopen | .000146 -.000569 -.002478 .004323 .004607 .001105 -.000092 english | -.004504 -.007318 .005234 .007489 -.015733 .012694 .00217 white | .005403 -.056673 .050068 -.010335 -.204731 .072191 .00077 lwhitemg | -.000852 .002833 -.008265 -.000142 .036208 -.005308 -.000153 _cons | .140764 -.078466 22.4383 -.915244 -82.6091 -.080976 .108797

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .08418 ldist | .024962 .353417 lopen | -.000243 .00062 .003804 english | -.021934 .059626 -.000762 .143933 white | -.024636 .107839 .003561 .214795 6.03184 lwhitemg | .006157 -.015946 -.000262 -.019979 -.53208 .050754 _cons | -2.11682 -2.99121 -.02249 -.317081 1.31673 -.257521 832.493

. xtgls lrxsitc4 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 224.30Log likelihood = -804.5661 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc4 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0077718 .0442044 0.18 0.860 -.0788671 .0944107 lgdp | .0873637 .0816252 1.07 0.284 -.0726188 .2473461 lgdpau | .1138912 .7089749 0.16 0.872 -1.275674 1.503457lgdpdfrati~w | .0586764 .2493279 0.24 0.814 -.4299973 .5473501 lpopau | -.2123357 2.450245 -0.09 0.931 -5.014727 4.590056 lpop | .5325664 .0965411 5.52 0.000 .3433493 .7217835 lxrate1 | -.0019546 .0215786 -0.09 0.928 -.0442478 .0403386 lremote | .3237815 .242733 1.33 0.182 -.1519664 .7995294 ldist | -2.646799 .4017168 -6.59 0.000 -3.43415 -1.859449 lopen | .0244635 .0526146 0.46 0.642 -.0786592 .1275862 english | .6865003 .3326513 2.06 0.039 .0345158 1.338485 white | -.5246268 1.796765 -0.29 0.770 -4.046222 2.996969 lwhitemg | .1179834 .1780677 0.66 0.508 -.2310229 .4669897 _cons | 13.775 23.86277 0.58 0.564 -32.99518 60.54518------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001954 lgdp | -.001374 .006663 lgdpau | .000569 .000144 .502645lgdpdfrati~w | -5.5e-07 .000671 -.035061 .062164 lpopau | -.009538 .000102 -1.68386 .117109 6.0037 lpop | -.000123 -.004423 -.000416 -.000922 -.00753 .00932 lxrate1 | .000184 5.1e-06 -.000218 .001343 -.003456 -.000181 .000466 lremote | .002895 .002926 -.027589 -.006488 .08362 -.003077 -.000123 ldist | .005634 -.004032 -.014368 -.00099 .028229 .000905 .000629 lopen | -.000166 .000367 .00277 .000221 -.01213 .000617 -.000036 english | -.004252 -.002731 -.001813 .001918 .02206 .002779 .000617 white | .005794 -.030694 -.001647 -.011318 -.081625 .037005 .002219

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lwhitemg | -.000671 .001646 -.002647 .00047 .017826 -.002431 -.000186 _cons | .087892 -.06635 15.1615 -1.02395 -56.3913 .108975 .057083

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .058919 ldist | .031854 .161376 lopen | .000047 -.001245 .002768 english | -.012952 .041941 -.001356 .110657 white | .032595 .02967 -.001468 .129886 3.22837 lwhitemg | -.000287 -.00156 .000129 -.011583 -.31002 .031708 _cons | -1.50509 -1.87 .124085 -.593876 .877633 -.202134 569.432

. xtgls lrxsitc5 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 614.53Log likelihood = -1027.893 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc5 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1451914 .074348 1.95 0.051 -.0005281 .2909108 lgdp | .6506845 .1360057 4.78 0.000 .3841183 .9172507 lgdpau | -.5516065 .8593536 -0.64 0.521 -2.235909 1.132696lgdpdfrati~w | -.775336 .3735183 -2.08 0.038 -1.507418 -.0432536 lpopau | 6.365562 2.912438 2.19 0.029 .6572883 12.07384 lpop | .2363456 .1226079 1.93 0.054 -.0039614 .4766525 lxrate1 | -.1358807 .0340718 -3.99 0.000 -.2026603 -.0691012 lremote | .252899 .2390472 1.06 0.290 -.2156249 .7214229 ldist | -3.179431 .4228513 -7.52 0.000 -4.008204 -2.350657 lopen | .1024021 .0925555 1.11 0.269 -.0790033 .2838075 english | .7548984 .258713 2.92 0.004 .2478303 1.261966 white | 13.0509 1.974941 6.61 0.000 9.180086 16.92171 lwhitemg | -1.260344 .185644 -6.79 0.000 -1.624199 -.8964881 _cons | -77.77805 27.52155 -2.83 0.005 -131.7193 -23.8368------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .005528 lgdp | -.006181 .018498 lgdpau | -.004974 .006057 .738489lgdpdfrati~w | -.000287 -.001234 .032359 .139516 lpopau | .015897 -.031516 -2.42013 -.043173 8.4823 lpop | .001499 -.011458 -.001259 .001635 .005122 .015033 lxrate1 | .000488 .000954 .00033 .000565 -.003201 -.001228 .001161 lremote | .001113 .005809 -.032442 -.026863 .02961 -.005667 .001678 ldist | .01395 -.010218 -.024599 -.005292 .077136 .002166 .000431 lopen | -.000129 .000182 .00262 .002583 -.029492 .001882 -.000476 english | -.005496 .016477 .000224 -.004586 -.008704 -.011824 -.000407 white | .030203 -.051094 -.05956 -.041204 .104428 .046301 -.002045 lwhitemg | -.002706 .002212 .002155 .001239 -.003454 -.002218 .000078 _cons | -.194562 .202321 21.1733 .016002 -77.6817 -.005734 .016368

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .057144 ldist | .022571 .178803

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lopen | .002256 -.000259 .008567 english | .008986 .027245 -.003938 .066932 white | .05486 .098243 -.004461 .035036 3.90039 lwhitemg | -.001246 -.010568 .000276 -.005745 -.355306 .034464 _cons | -.385922 -2.42769 .377175 -.36665 -1.34261 .117015 757.436

. xtgls lrxsitc6 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 829.51Log likelihood = -1125.316 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc6 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2549499 .0742901 3.43 0.001 .1093441 .4005558 lgdp | .5872557 .1108514 5.30 0.000 .369991 .8045205 lgdpau | .0320031 1.104476 0.03 0.977 -2.132731 2.196737lgdpdfrati~w | -1.02123 .5429826 -1.88 0.060 -2.085456 .0429967 lpopau | 3.247698 3.755706 0.86 0.387 -4.113351 10.60875 lpop | -.0141459 .1179368 -0.12 0.905 -.2452979 .2170061 lxrate1 | -.0323749 .0377129 -0.86 0.391 -.1062908 .0415411 lremote | .3880278 .2702444 1.44 0.151 -.1416415 .9176972 ldist | -2.736197 .428075 -6.39 0.000 -3.575208 -1.897185 lopen | -.1132124 .0961738 -1.18 0.239 -.3017097 .0752848 english | 1.215953 .285126 4.26 0.000 .6571167 1.77479 white | 11.79845 1.349536 8.74 0.000 9.153406 14.44349 lwhitemg | -1.154931 .1305912 -8.84 0.000 -1.410885 -.8989768 _cons | -41.41575 35.18519 -1.18 0.239 -110.3774 27.54595------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .005519 lgdp | -.005429 .012288 lgdpau | -.005255 .008048 1.21987lgdpdfrati~w | -.003275 .003823 .050301 .29483 lpopau | .013328 -.028701 -4.01687 .009288 14.1053 lpop | .00125 -.008935 -.003795 -.000425 .008819 .013909 lxrate1 | .000513 .00078 .001688 .000315 -.010248 -.001203 .001422 lremote | .004252 -.001523 -.030451 -.046601 -.004994 -.001698 .001785 ldist | .014866 -.010222 -.028319 -.024306 .057132 .003851 .000523 lopen | -.000401 .000861 .000053 .00063 -.024211 .00097 -.000394 english | -.005938 .010553 .004748 -.0001 -.006114 -.006222 -.000546 white | .029084 -.051978 -.053905 -.039787 .090509 .053862 -.00143 lwhitemg | -.002473 .003126 .002134 -.000659 -.006594 -.003693 .000169 _cons | -.191179 .263866 35.0167 -1.20818 -128.741 -.0877 .098529

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .073032 ldist | .042526 .183248 lopen | .004062 .000978 .009249 english | .001857 .032078 -.003592 .081297 white | .070486 .109084 -.008983 .026852 1.82125 lwhitemg | -.001272 -.010496 .000603 -.00387 -.168945 .017054 _cons | -.081088 -2.22489 .333313 -.466032 -1.5838 .1703 1238

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. xtgls lrxsitc7 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 420.59Log likelihood = -1189.509 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc7 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2188465 .0517299 4.23 0.000 .1174578 .3202352 lgdp | .3371047 .1026871 3.28 0.001 .1358416 .5383677 lgdpau | -2.071529 1.29783 -1.60 0.110 -4.61523 .4721712lgdpdfrati~w | -2.168983 .597644 -3.63 0.000 -3.340344 -.9976226 lpopau | 6.270777 4.431018 1.42 0.157 -2.413859 14.95541 lpop | .1042426 .0775133 1.34 0.179 -.0476807 .256166 lxrate1 | -.0993871 .0380572 -2.61 0.009 -.1739778 -.0247963 lremote | 1.041179 .2580096 4.04 0.000 .5354899 1.546869 ldist | -1.28378 .410933 -3.12 0.002 -2.089194 -.4783665 lopen | .0058404 .1180715 0.05 0.961 -.2255754 .2372562 english | .6564552 .1872072 3.51 0.000 .2895358 1.023375 white | 7.696559 1.346687 5.72 0.000 5.057101 10.33602 lwhitemg | -.6289045 .1307496 -4.81 0.000 -.8851689 -.3726401 _cons | -48.63321 41.16261 -1.18 0.237 -129.3105 32.04403------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002676 lgdp | -.002575 .010545 lgdpau | -.003774 .005931 1.68436lgdpdfrati~w | -.001221 -.000118 .088832 .357178 lpopau | .014459 -.037006 -5.61422 -.163841 19.6339 lpop | .000582 -.005452 -.000704 -.000977 .003596 .006008 lxrate1 | .00019 .001531 .000789 .000545 -.005932 -.001516 .001448 lremote | .000352 .001095 -.029157 -.047024 .049524 .001318 -.000579 ldist | .01257 -.005867 -.02746 -.026862 .051396 .004956 .001923 lopen | -.000208 .000313 .008526 .000358 -.061699 .003071 -.000456 english | -.002808 .005523 .006657 .005979 -.023144 .000666 .000866 white | .014059 -.029081 -.031876 -.054993 .09776 .029425 -.005125 lwhitemg | -.001584 .000871 -.00025 .000769 .002066 -.001718 .00011 _cons | -.230402 .361391 49.2696 .70623 -178.589 -.06639 .047244

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .066569 ldist | .040516 .168866 lopen | .0049 .007495 .013941 english | -.006708 .000127 -.0023 .035047 white | .045647 .111167 .002908 .047591 1.81357 lwhitemg | .001312 -.011617 -.000338 -.005177 -.166812 .017095 _cons | -1.0208 -2.09402 .643878 .121993 -2.09793 .090124 1694.36

. xtgls lrxsitc8 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedastic

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Correlation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 489.20Log likelihood = -968.7425 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc8 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1326996 .050408 2.63 0.008 .0339018 .2314974 lgdp | .5026454 .0981455 5.12 0.000 .3102838 .695007 lgdpau | -1.154691 1.325608 -0.87 0.384 -3.752835 1.443453lgdpdfrati~w | -.9633103 .5469798 -1.76 0.078 -2.035371 .1087504 lpopau | 4.013581 4.554603 0.88 0.378 -4.913277 12.94044 lpop | .0617784 .0954652 0.65 0.518 -.12533 .2488868 lxrate1 | -.0378896 .0383667 -0.99 0.323 -.1130869 .0373078 lremote | -.790681 .2981616 -2.65 0.008 -1.375067 -.206295 ldist | -2.975411 .4463601 -6.67 0.000 -3.85026 -2.100561 lopen | -.043261 .1065986 -0.41 0.685 -.2521904 .1656683 english | .6691615 .1964371 3.41 0.001 .2841519 1.054171 white | 11.27094 1.678784 6.71 0.000 7.980587 14.5613 lwhitemg | -1.120416 .1497317 -7.48 0.000 -1.413885 -.8269471 _cons | -8.92948 42.76286 -0.21 0.835 -92.74315 74.88419------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002541 lgdp | -.002411 .009633 lgdpau | -.003071 .005644 1.75724lgdpdfrati~w | -.001127 .000082 -.027878 .299187 lpopau | .010918 -.028151 -5.89733 .175228 20.7444 lpop | -.000263 -.005641 -.001314 .0006 .004983 .009114 lxrate1 | .000025 .001433 .00226 .001789 -.012863 -.001483 .001472 lremote | .003668 .000499 -.021237 -.03506 .052342 -.002466 -.001368 ldist | .01125 -.008063 -.022792 -.013467 .06354 .002904 -.000723 lopen | -.000263 -.000246 .00548 .00539 -.047681 .002275 -.00009 english | -.002426 .003068 .007417 .006024 -.025098 -.001053 .002161 white | .011824 -.034165 .015851 -.022838 -.010626 .035827 -.005558 lwhitemg | -.000992 .001145 -.002996 -.000339 .007012 -.002242 .000307 _cons | -.195077 .273044 52.0656 -2.05841 -190.25 -.065471 .157293

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .0889 ldist | .048004 .199237 lopen | .003242 .001255 .011363 english | -.01809 .00683 -.002647 .038588 white | .029929 .112963 -.001761 .034848 2.81832 lwhitemg | .001742 -.010654 .000313 -.00349 -.242677 .02242 _cons | -1.49438 -2.69537 .582774 .246874 -1.44317 .06649 1828.66

. xtgls lrxsitc9 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 907.49Log likelihood = -1563.286 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

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------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc9 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4530361 .0651855 6.95 0.000 .3252749 .5807974 lgdp | .2127297 .1212576 1.75 0.079 -.0249309 .4503903 lgdpau | -2.359008 1.732746 -1.36 0.173 -5.755128 1.037112lgdpdfrati~w | -1.130319 .5820202 -1.94 0.052 -2.271058 .0104192 lpopau | 18.76299 5.913104 3.17 0.002 7.173521 30.35246 lpop | .4946693 .1157905 4.27 0.000 .2677241 .7216144 lxrate1 | -.1185901 .0419325 -2.83 0.005 -.2007764 -.0364039 lremote | .3859342 .3083983 1.25 0.211 -.2185154 .9903839 ldist | -1.848719 .4390374 -4.21 0.000 -2.709217 -.988222 lopen | -.1658173 .1320409 -1.26 0.209 -.4246126 .0929781 english | .3060813 .2663944 1.15 0.251 -.2160421 .8282047 white | 17.42644 2.515864 6.93 0.000 12.49544 22.35744 lwhitemg | -1.662476 .2440306 -6.81 0.000 -2.140767 -1.184184 _cons | -245.4509 54.85326 -4.47 0.000 -352.9613 -137.9404------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .004249 lgdp | -.004729 .014703 lgdpau | -.005602 .007751 3.00241lgdpdfrati~w | -.002299 .00321 -.037276 .338748 lpopau | .0178 -.038052 -10.0111 .144024 34.9648 lpop | .001363 -.009724 -.002698 -.001876 .006065 .013407 lxrate1 | -.000189 .001763 -.000775 .003234 -.0058 -.001449 .001758 lremote | .004862 -.001624 -.045093 -.018758 .05212 .001622 .001303 ldist | .016153 -.011792 -.034146 -.000737 .097693 .009303 -.000292 lopen | -.000358 -.000393 .007056 .008073 -.044217 .003617 -.00027 english | -.003503 .008899 .007089 .002477 -.046734 -.004633 .00203 white | .014687 -.040107 -.054273 -.050226 -.08794 .051927 .004109 lwhitemg | -.001118 .001271 .000207 .001801 .014864 -.002619 -.000359 _cons | -.282252 .392198 87.9634 -1.61658 -318.385 -.123899 .081564

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .09511 ldist | .045566 .192754 lopen | .00548 .003725 .017435 english | -.011014 .02412 -.004844 .070966 white | .135142 -.008112 .0007 -.01094 6.32957 lwhitemg | -.004787 .001622 .000113 .000694 -.603047 .059551 _cons | -.942697 -2.93972 .423935 .314737 1.79086 -.205268 3008.88

.

.

.

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. clear

. insheet using k:\book1.txt(104 vars, 1010 obs)

. *Dropping Mauritius

. drop if ccode==164800(10 observations deleted)

.

.

.

. *Descriptive stats after dropping

. tabstat rimp immig gdp gdpau gdpdefnew gdpdfau pop popau xrate1 remote dist op> en english gdpdfrationew white whitemg, stat(n mean sd median min max) col(sta> t)

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------

rimp | 1000 491180.4 1561188 8397.5 0 1.39e+07 immig | 1000 33290.61 117074.9 2790 0 1137050 gdp | 1000 2.79e+11 9.69e+11 1.74e+10 1.92e+08 8.99e+12 gdpau | 1000 3.83e+11 4.44e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 1000 105.6705 16.94488 102.6999 60.87417 207.3465 gdpdfau | 1000 100.7173 4.633489 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 1000 4.96e+07 1.54e+08 1.04e+07 41000 1.26e+09 popau | 1000 1.82e+07 612793.8 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 1000 1042.98 10901.72 16.1368 .0068 270182.6 remote | 1000 6696.402 4125.13 6764 1293 39620 dist | 1000 13415.39 3502.315 14305 2409 17972 open | 1000 .7029039 .3862154 .63155 .0671 3.2192 english | 1000 .37 .4830459 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 1000 1.052203 .1813968 1.016437 .5844526 2.009028 white | 1000 .13 .3364717 0 0 1 whitemg | 1000 20501.65 116468.1 0 0 1137050--------------------------------------------------------------------------

. sort white

. *IIIB. Descriptives Original Unites(sub sample for "white" and "non-white" cou> ntries)--RHS Variables:. by white: tabstat rimp immig gdp gdpau gdpdefnew gdpdfau pop popau xrate1 remo> te dist phone open english gdpdfrationew white whitemg, stat(n mean sd median > min max) col(stat)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------> white = 0

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 870 404927.1 1597582 3414.5 0 1.39e+07 immig | 870 14699.94 27170.26 1403.5 0 158613 gdp | 870 2.37e+11 1.00e+12 1.09e+10 1.92e+08 8.99e+12 gdpau | 870 3.83e+11 4.44e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 870 104.7937 17.30519 101.6682 60.87417 207.3465 gdpdfau | 870 100.7173 4.633836 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 870 5.35e+07 1.65e+08 1.07e+07 41000 1.26e+09 popau | 870 1.82e+07 612839.6 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 870 1182.834 11681.75 22.9426 .0068 270182.6 remote | 870 7116.356 4097.172 6927 1293 39620 dist | 870 13252.63 3388.795 14051 2410 17972 phone | 870 157.2161 242.1446 47.025 .54 1449.75 open | 870 .7095234 .4074967 .6248 .0671 3.2192 english | 870 .3793103 .4854945 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 870 1.04372 .1863034 1 .5844526 2.009028 white | 870 0 0 0 0 0 whitemg | 870 0 0 0 0 0--------------------------------------------------------------------------

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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------> white = 1

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 130 1068414 1138347 522863.5 40432 3843839 immig | 130 157705 288518.8 21174 2612 1137050 gdp | 130 5.56e+11 6.58e+11 2.54e+11 5.15e+10 2.69e+12 gdpau | 130 3.83e+11 4.46e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 130 111.5379 12.89742 112.2247 85.45601 143.9587 gdpdfau | 130 100.7173 4.649088 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 130 2.34e+07 2.55e+07 8837000 3477200 8.22e+07 popau | 130 1.82e+07 614856.7 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 130 107.0323 293.6987 4.4722 .3774 1261.556 remote | 130 3885.938 3089.96 2888 1530 12501 dist | 130 14504.62 4031.974 15931 2409 17493 phone | 130 734.716 269.9717 652.085 343.99 1487.08 open | 130 .6586038 .1850905 .64065 .3517 1.2967 english | 130 .3076923 .4633239 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 130 1.108974 .1314272 1.116445 .8254872 1.441221 white | 130 1 0 1 1 1 whitemg | 130 157705 288518.8 21174 2612 1137050--------------------------------------------------------------------------

.

.

. **Regression of Exports

. tsset ccode year panel variable: ccode, 117100 to 725980 time variable: year, 1991 to 2000

.

. **I. Aggregate Imports

. xtgls lrexp limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremo> te ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 6650.67Log likelihood = -1025.585 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrexp | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .5129471 .0401788 12.77 0.000 .4341981 .5916961 lgdp | 1.073129 .0385425 27.84 0.000 .9975871 1.148671 lgdpau | -3.165341 .8848374 -3.58 0.000 -4.899591 -1.431092lgdpdfrati~w | -1.806804 .3346197 -5.40 0.000 -2.462646 -1.150961 lpopau | 3.785111 3.083575 1.23 0.220 -2.258585 9.828806 lpop | .0323304 .0426041 0.76 0.448 -.0511721 .115833 lxrate1 | .0050155 .0151013 0.33 0.740 -.0245825 .0346135 lremote | .1467452 .0766058 1.92 0.055 -.0033994 .2968898 ldist | -1.4084 .1468191 -9.59 0.000 -1.69616 -1.120639 lopen | .9110125 .0776542 11.73 0.000 .758813 1.063212 english | .1990296 .0958864 2.08 0.038 .0110956 .3869635 white | 3.424445 .5670948 6.04 0.000 2.31296 4.53593 lwhitemg | -.4091952 .0516358 -7.92 0.000 -.5103995 -.307991 _cons | 14.16385 28.56065 0.50 0.620 -41.81401 70.1417------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1

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-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001614 lgdp | -.000924 .001486

lgdpau | -.003368 .002865 .782937lgdpdfrati~w | .00072 -.001071 -.022564 .11197 lpopau | .012452 -.011466 -2.68657 .12645 9.50843 lpop | -.000013 -.000701 .000989 -4.9e-06 -.007191 .001815 lxrate1 | .00002 .000183 .000047 -.00008 -.000578 -.000085 .000228 lremote | -.000279 .00116 .004637 -.001715 -.02449 .000073 .00012 ldist | .003966 -.002463 -.005338 .003977 .010684 .001908 .000502 lopen | -.000497 .000332 .010624 -.000815 -.057161 .000901 -.000027 english | -.000944 .001451 -.002588 .000554 .017663 -.000813 .000395 white | .007131 -.001578 -.005789 -.007276 -.002978 .009945 .001605 lwhitemg | -.000815 .000204 .00071 .000396 -.000251 -.000877 -.000136 _cons | -.145421 .111448 24.0166 -1.62874 -87.0739 .062935 -.001382

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .005868 ldist | .002259 .021556 lopen | .002216 .00108 .00603 english | -.000367 .000815 -.003085 .009194 white | .013393 .033601 .000194 .001848 .321596 lwhitemg | -.001059 -.003454 -.000057 .000085 -.028931 .002666 _cons | .188288 -.270158 .629488 -.252464 -.427684 .044642 815.711

.

. **II. Conservative Estimates

. *2.1. Aggregate reference priced Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrrefp_cx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 7536.99Log likelihood = -1458.485 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_cx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2933031 .0443463 6.61 0.000 .206386 .3802202 lgdp | 1.094175 .0655753 16.69 0.000 .9656496 1.2227 lgdpau | -.1453661 .5401151 -0.27 0.788 -1.203972 .91324lgdpdfrati~w | -.184885 .2846723 -0.65 0.516 -.7428325 .3730626 lpopau | 2.58906 1.935938 1.34 0.181 -1.205308 6.383428 lpop | .1049156 .0911958 1.15 0.250 -.0738249 .2836562 lxrate1 | -.0435159 .0298255 -1.46 0.145 -.1019727 .0149409 lremote | -.3451143 .1673032 -2.06 0.039 -.6730227 -.017206 ldist | -3.089549 .3882177 -7.96 0.000 -3.850442 -2.328657 lopen | -.0654385 .0564702 -1.16 0.247 -.176118 .045241 english | .6368629 .1809214 3.52 0.000 .2822634 .9914623 white | 7.661242 1.093148 7.01 0.000 5.518711 9.803772 lwhitemg | -.8182476 .1166425 -7.02 0.000 -1.046863 -.5896326 _cons | -30.20994 19.38433 -1.56 0.119 -68.20252 7.782639------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001967

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lgdp | -.001461 .0043 lgdpau | .001014 -.001 .291724lgdpdfrati~w | -.001717 .002848 -.023449 .081038 lpopau | -.005006 .002484 -1.0062 .100994 3.74785 lpop | -.000182 -.004481 .003137 -.001182 -.018034 .008317 lxrate1 | .000143 .000376 .000557 .002549 -.006137 -.000554 .00089 lremote | .000157 .000432 -.02155 .002967 .091635 -.003845 .000622 ldist | .008238 -.010269 .002904 .003112 -.027413 .005338 .00214 lopen | .000018 -.000129 .002425 .000951 -.012044 .001019 -.000334 english | -.001111 -.001858 .005967 .003754 -.044892 .003779 .001508 white | .009474 -.023999 .02027 -.003518 -.152169 .030355 .001618 lwhitemg | -.001404 .001869 -.004351 .000605 .022643 -.001965 -.000131 _cons | .003562 .056064 9.19211 -1.24579 -36.1564 .174008 .055043

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .02799 ldist | .003216 .150713 lopen | -.001593 .000795 .003189 english | -.005398 .001381 -.000616 .032733 white | -.013279 .051622 .002274 .041848 1.19497 lwhitemg | .004168 -.006328 -.000523 -.002037 -.122337 .013605 _cons | -1.18776 -.994072 .131606 .588725 1.61118 -.241572 375.752

.

.

. *2.2. Aggregate Differentiated Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrdiff_cx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 3587.82Log likelihood = -1563.339 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_cx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4139879 .0563021 7.35 0.000 .3036378 .5243379 lgdp | 1.101928 .0635527 17.34 0.000 .9773669 1.226489 lgdpau | 1.919314 2.044583 0.94 0.348 -2.087995 5.926622lgdpdfrati~w | -2.215157 .8237963 -2.69 0.007 -3.829768 -.6005458 lpopau | -6.928667 7.038949 -0.98 0.325 -20.72475 6.86742 lpop | -.0974063 .0836428 -1.16 0.244 -.2613432 .0665307 lxrate1 | -.0714687 .028195 -2.53 0.011 -.1267299 -.0162075 lremote | -.1161654 .2048346 -0.57 0.571 -.5176338 .285303 ldist | -2.329736 .2355473 -9.89 0.000 -2.7914 -1.868072 lopen | .0793723 .089404 0.89 0.375 -.0958563 .2546008 english | .6484517 .1813927 3.57 0.000 .2929286 1.003975 white | 2.130361 1.144406 1.86 0.063 -.112633 4.373355 lwhitemg | -.2030795 .1049156 -1.94 0.053 -.4087103 .0025512 _cons | 69.14575 64.7671 1.07 0.286 -57.79543 196.0869------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .00317 lgdp | -.002133 .004039 lgdpau | -.003017 .005809 4.18032lgdpdfrati~w | -.004177 .001791 -.197103 .67864

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lpopau | .009845 -.027807 -14.1774 .938245 49.5468 lpop | -.000084 -.003349 -.00061 .002082 .005308 .006996 lxrate1 | .000205 .00048 .000945 -.000603 -.007365 -.000843 .000795 lremote | .004799 -.002748 .002769 -.009202 -.030008 -.001369 .000976 ldist | .006705 -.00596 -.006008 .011001 .012749 .002617 .002934 lopen | -.000335 .000734 .015549 .003015 -.078792 .001053 -.000119 english | -.003041 .002553 .000121 .010245 .009462 -.003533 .001256 white | .022668 -.021145 .031741 -.12439 -.15326 .008229 .002566 lwhitemg | -.002079 .001477 -.002558 .010531 .012128 -.000046 -.000157 _cons | -.156878 .360383 125.666 -11.1844 -450.554 -.117878 .059541

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .041957 ldist | .021398 .055483 lopen | .004018 .00059 .007993 english | -.014334 .001798 -.003194 .032903 white | .081405 .036364 -.002175 -.011615 1.30966 lwhitemg | -.004819 -.001319 .000317 .000888 -.116672 .011007 _cons | -.077905 -.738617 .832288 -.062436 .961264 -.108079 4194.78

.

. *2.3. Aggregate Homogenous Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrhomo_cx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1216.99Log likelihood = -1662.592 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_cx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .6240338 .0646313 9.66 0.000 .4973588 .7507088 lgdp | .6578301 .1087661 6.05 0.000 .4446524 .8710079 lgdpau | 1.59517 1.830703 0.87 0.384 -1.992942 5.183282lgdpdfrati~w | -.0089677 .6504425 -0.01 0.989 -1.283812 1.265876 lpopau | -11.79718 6.273018 -1.88 0.060 -24.09207 .4977057 lpop | .1707738 .108325 1.58 0.115 -.0415393 .3830868 lxrate1 | .0713123 .0436989 1.63 0.103 -.014336 .1569607 lremote | -1.0997 .3073774 -3.58 0.000 -1.702149 -.4972517 ldist | -.9049491 .5874221 -1.54 0.123 -2.056275 .2463771 lopen | .2411268 .1101919 2.19 0.029 .0251547 .4570989 english | .2790393 .3189171 0.87 0.382 -.3460267 .9041053 white | 12.41713 2.872641 4.32 0.000 6.786859 18.0474 lwhitemg | -1.425944 .2946557 -4.84 0.000 -2.003458 -.8484292 _cons | 155.8301 58.58064 2.66 0.008 41.0142 270.6461------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .004177 lgdp | -.004706 .01183 lgdpau | .002488 -.003437 3.35147lgdpdfrati~w | -.007164 .013798 -.089611 .423075 lpopau | -.015948 .001534 -11.2105 .459757 39.3508 lpop | .000643 -.006359 -.001784 -.003185 .007316 .011734 lxrate1 | -.000094 .001371 .003587 .003794 -.026184 -.001386 .00191 lremote | .001928 .007443 -.051724 .008546 .140239 -.006707 -.000313 ldist | .020692 -.015553 -.008381 -.0105 -.071596 .01189 .001672

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lopen | -.001103 .001423 -.01708 .003946 .031095 .001581 .000352 english | -.004708 .00639 .022942 .017858 -.105662 .005575 .004213 white | .016428 -.038027 .138338 -.034168 -.654176 .037805 .003357 lwhitemg | -.001627 .00252 -.017055 .002358 .078987 -.003074 -.000328 _cons | .06617 -.00934 98.7228 -5.93318 -359.819 -.16777 .30869

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .094481 ldist | .05101 .345065 lopen | .002951 -.004679 .012142 english | -.024048 .000164 -.001675 .101708 white | .000566 -.009086 -.005964 .114867 8.25207 lwhitemg | .00411 -.00048 .00068 -.012867 -.834701 .086822 _cons | -2.34721 -2.26923 -.094689 1.09959 7.47405 -.893529 3431.69

.

. **III. Liberal Estimates

. *3.1. Aggregate reference priced Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrrefp_lx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1997.85Log likelihood = -1460.047 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_lx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3149276 .0454663 6.93 0.000 .2258153 .4040399 lgdp | .9642934 .084947 11.35 0.000 .7978003 1.130786 lgdpau | -.0570629 .5063901 -0.11 0.910 -1.049569 .9354434lgdpdfrati~w | .1285532 .2439721 0.53 0.598 -.3496232 .6067297 lpopau | -2.944792 1.789316 -1.65 0.100 -6.451786 .5622023 lpop | .188768 .0965225 1.96 0.051 -.0004127 .3779486 lxrate1 | -.0065934 .0278794 -0.24 0.813 -.0612361 .0480492 lremote | -.2666962 .1574131 -1.69 0.090 -.5752202 .0418277 ldist | -2.16779 .4810102 -4.51 0.000 -3.110553 -1.225027 lopen | .0279092 .0517972 0.54 0.590 -.0736115 .1294299 english | .9987864 .2551493 3.91 0.000 .498703 1.49887 white | 10.74143 2.042365 5.26 0.000 6.738468 14.74439 lwhitemg | -1.07131 .1999737 -5.36 0.000 -1.463251 -.6793682 _cons | 50.76163 17.97254 2.82 0.005 15.5361 85.98717------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002067 lgdp | -.002386 .007216 lgdpau | .001555 -.004116 .256431lgdpdfrati~w | -.001691 .004043 -.024128 .059522 lpopau | -.007454 .013066 -.878991 .10138 3.20165 lpop | .000672 -.005602 .004331 -.002984 -.022547 .009317 lxrate1 | .000127 .000033 .001522 .001543 -.008239 -.000234 .000777 lremote | .000456 .000971 -.020159 .002815 .075808 -.00324 .000073 ldist | .005512 -.007751 -.001739 .000136 -.017295 .008497 .002093 lopen | -.00002 -.000051 .001915 .000998 -.008951 .000702 -.000149 english | -.002117 .001996 .005977 .004178 -.026072 .001095 .001778 white | .010567 -.030698 .026372 -.002461 -.143768 .029765 .010814

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lwhitemg | -.001175 .002009 -.003716 .000217 .018544 -.001798 -.000952 _cons | .060342 -.111201 8.08383 -1.1802 -30.5356 .187898 .073332

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .024779 ldist | .011249 .231371 lopen | -.00124 -.000961 .002683 english | -.00516 .037097 -.00069 .065101 white | .028276 -.191887 -.003559 .001607 4.17125 lwhitemg | -.000838 .020188 .000139 .001429 -.404281 .039989 _cons | -1.02989 -1.9872 .109885 -.115634 3.4003 -.403653 323.012

.

. *3.2. Aggregate Differentiated Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrdiff_lx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 3364.88Log likelihood = -1576.723 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_lx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3741888 .0604287 6.19 0.000 .2557508 .4926268 lgdp | 1.199469 .0696648 17.22 0.000 1.062928 1.336009 lgdpau | 1.791387 2.11938 0.85 0.398 -2.362523 5.945296lgdpdfrati~w | -2.376983 .8257172 -2.88 0.004 -3.995359 -.7586073 lpopau | -6.713576 7.294339 -0.92 0.357 -21.01022 7.583066 lpop | -.2048706 .0873181 -2.35 0.019 -.3760109 -.0337303 lxrate1 | -.0342027 .0285163 -1.20 0.230 -.0900936 .0216883 lremote | .0107192 .2010039 0.05 0.957 -.3832412 .4046796 ldist | -2.298039 .2354623 -9.76 0.000 -2.759536 -1.836541 lopen | .1062944 .098392 1.08 0.280 -.0865503 .2991392 english | .7790264 .1970345 3.95 0.000 .3928458 1.165207 white | 2.272773 1.1667 1.95 0.051 -.0139165 4.559463 lwhitemg | -.2032733 .1074637 -1.89 0.059 -.4138983 .0073518 _cons | 67.16537 67.12553 1.00 0.317 -64.39824 198.729------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .003652 lgdp | -.002703 .004853 lgdpau | -.00375 .006679 4.49177lgdpdfrati~w | -.004469 .002889 -.208097 .681809 lpopau | .012936 -.032364 -15.2256 .959339 53.2074 lpop | .000347 -.004016 -.001051 .000062 .007669 .007624 lxrate1 | .000074 .000662 .000895 .000243 -.007779 -.001062 .000813 lremote | .004722 -.002853 .000232 -.007229 -.022109 -.000324 .000753 ldist | .007243 -.006228 -.008359 .01141 .01932 .002538 .002419 lopen | -.000405 .00078 .016024 .00333 -.085974 .001388 -.000164 english | -.004623 .004631 .002634 .013467 -.002637 -.005162 .001618 white | .022746 -.022221 .027366 -.121344 -.123856 .008488 .000486 lwhitemg | -.00217 .001585 -.002294 .010544 .009945 .000064 .000028 _cons | -.188716 .40994 134.931 -11.2635 -483.902 -.148018 .073831

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons

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-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .040403 ldist | .022147 .055443 lopen | .004557 .000683 .009681 english | -.015238 .00047 -.00352 .038823 white | .082459 .015703 -.002675 -.020949 1.36119 lwhitemg | -.005234 .000636 .000383 .001914 -.121937 .011548 _cons | -.150053 -.785362 .929014 .074157 .802101 -.098432 4505.84

.

. *3.3. Aggregate Homogenous Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrhomo_lx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 2985.20Log likelihood = -1551.935 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_lx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .5118133 .0441899 11.58 0.000 .4252028 .5984239

lgdp | 1.11342 .0691193 16.11 0.000 .9779489 1.248892 lgdpau | -.3430506 .6912182 -0.50 0.620 -1.697813 1.011712lgdpdfrati~w | -.3693119 .4750498 -0.78 0.437 -1.300392 .5617686 lpopau | 1.88551 2.474276 0.76 0.446 -2.963983 6.735003 lpop | -.0937394 .086027 -1.09 0.276 -.2623493 .0748705 lxrate1 | -.0263116 .0302804 -0.87 0.385 -.0856601 .0330369 lremote | -.817263 .1934576 -4.22 0.000 -1.196433 -.4380931 ldist | -2.02814 .321619 -6.31 0.000 -2.658502 -1.397779 lopen | .0349193 .0732158 0.48 0.633 -.108581 .1784195 english | .7424079 .2332638 3.18 0.001 .2852192 1.199597 white | 5.681204 2.038723 2.79 0.005 1.68538 9.677028 lwhitemg | -.7802789 .2084875 -3.74 0.000 -1.188907 -.3716509 _cons | -17.1754 24.70005 -0.70 0.487 -65.58662 31.23581------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001953 lgdp | -.001875 .004777 lgdpau | .000247 -.00341 .477783lgdpdfrati~w | -.00344 .00393 -.05488 .225672 lpopau | -.000977 .006669 -1.64871 .288561 6.12204 lpop | .000023 -.003421 .004118 .000745 -.022144 .007401 lxrate1 | -.000344 .000723 .001384 .00273 -.010243 -.000328 .000917 lremote | .001478 .001664 -.028091 .002565 .120366 -.004546 .000157 ldist | .006642 -.009586 -.001865 .00025 -.016105 .011589 .000841 lopen | .000105 -.000817 -.000387 .005136 -.004696 .001747 -.000314 english | -.001036 .001293 .015702 .006816 -.098304 .002824 .002872 white | .00776 -.011776 .037746 -.009989 -.248955 .019201 .006398

lwhitemg | -.000721 .00075 -.004748 .001477 .028807 -.001522 -.000461 _cons | -.031994 .004798 15.1401 -3.70339 -59.2734 .15044 .10843

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .037426

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ldist | .014524 .103439 lopen | -.001966 .001054 .005361 english | -.013545 .013811 -.001272 .054412 white | .008018 .059745 -.002327 .0681 4.15639 lwhitemg | .001447 -.004386 .000117 -.00679 -.419351 .043467 _cons | -1.70162 -.806839 .08475 1.10933 2.38102 -.310588 610.093

.

. *IV. Aggregate NON-Manufacturing Imports (Sum of Sitc0,1,2,3,4)

. xtgls lrxnmf limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremo> te ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 604.20Log likelihood = -1185.088 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxnmf | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4141659 .068273 6.07 0.000 .2803533 .5479786 lgdp | .4260053 .1112486 3.83 0.000 .207962 .6440485 lgdpau | -3.145955 1.425273 -2.21 0.027 -5.939438 -.3524719lgdpdfrati~w | -1.574177 .6466451 -2.43 0.015 -2.841578 -.3067755 lpopau | 12.68323 4.880811 2.60 0.009 3.117013 22.24944 lpop | .1649051 .1113093 1.48 0.138 -.0532571 .3830674 lxrate1 | -.1025498 .0399895 -2.56 0.010 -.1809276 -.0241719 lremote | -.3175619 .3259943 -0.97 0.330 -.956499 .3213751 ldist | -1.738467 .4206919 -4.13 0.000 -2.563007 -.9139256 lopen | -.1678069 .151834 -1.11 0.269 -.465396 .1297823 english | .6929832 .2535827 2.73 0.006 .1959701 1.189996 white | 12.30673 1.377167 8.94 0.000 9.607531 15.00593 lwhitemg | -1.344737 .1170888 -11.48 0.000 -1.574227 -1.115247 _cons | -115.3508 45.43857 -2.54 0.011 -204.4087 -26.29279------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .004661 lgdp | -.004287 .012376 lgdpau | -.00545 .007929 2.0314lgdpdfrati~w | -.003441 .003431 .041162 .41815 lpopau | .018304 -.044208 -6.77224 .030551 23.8223 lpop | .000082 -.006971 .000413 .000057 -.000859 .01239 lxrate1 | -.000179 .001859 .000795 .001018 -.007986 -.002061 .001599 lremote | .003204 .000884 -.03557 -.059999 .021326 -.003646 .00106 ldist | .015 -.010769 -.021047 -.010957 .025949 .010861 .001136 lopen | .000437 -.000283 .010391 .000111 -.090034 .004183 -.000736 english | -.00656 .010035 .010683 .017602 -.020288 -.00377 .003035 white | .020028 -.040147 -.015318 -.06297 .062389 .045786 -.005956 lwhitemg | -.002105 .002206 -.002155 -.000054 .002027 -.003494 .000587 _cons | -.259117 .463437 59.3652 -1.46068 -217.224 -.09622 .075275

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .106272 ldist | .028172 .176982 lopen | .009104 .004103 .023054 english | -.019389 -.005065 -.011044 .064304 white | .035103 .145176 -.009332 .069611 1.89659 lwhitemg | .005957 -.015916 .000921 -.007591 -.150056 .01371

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_cons | -.53239 -1.81843 1.06417 .083779 -2.24692 .144622 2064.66

.

. *V. Aggregate Manufacturing Imports (Sum of Sitc5,6,7,8,9)

. xtgls lrxmfn limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremot> e ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1162.93Log likelihood = -974.4814 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxmfn | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2204551 .0471879 4.67 0.000 .1279685 .3129416 lgdp | .3337265 .0911962 3.66 0.000 .1549852 .5124678 lgdpau | -2.716156 1.128993 -2.41 0.016 -4.928941 -.5033707lgdpdfrati~w | -4.365978 .4698149 -9.29 0.000 -5.286798 -3.445158 lpopau | 10.44914 3.899209 2.68 0.007 2.806833 18.09145 lpop | .1959785 .0822219 2.38 0.017 .0348265 .3571304 lxrate1 | -.086166 .0286974 -3.00 0.003 -.1424118 -.0299202 lremote | .3487599 .2109447 1.65 0.098 -.0646841 .7622039 ldist | -2.506455 .2477965 -10.11 0.000 -2.992127 -2.020783 lopen | -.0879576 .0530857 -1.66 0.098 -.1920037 .0160885 english | .3561524 .1670022 2.13 0.033 .028834 .6834707 white | 9.371617 .8153028 11.49 0.000 7.773653 10.96958 lwhitemg | -.8536868 .0724908 -11.78 0.000 -.995766 -.7116075 _cons | -81.18957 36.37409 -2.23 0.026 -152.4815 -9.897662------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002227 lgdp | -.002658 .008317 lgdpau | -.003254 .006838 1.27462lgdpdfrati~w | -.003292 .005436 -.042662 .220726 lpopau | .013369 -.033205 -4.31389 .218931 15.2038 lpop | .001008 -.005797 -.002637 -.002004 .013092 .00676 lxrate1 | -9.6e-06 .001193 .000874 .000357 -.00671 -.001228 .000824 lremote | .004448 -.003967 -.007059 -.018542 -.000864 -.000912 .000855 ldist | .00742 -.009196 -.014526 -.012605 .058294 .00436 .000092 lopen | -.000028 .000163 .00481 .001899 -.02434 .000509 -.000051 english | -.001141 .003359 .000886 .001273 .003295 -.002364 .000725 white | .015002 -.032045 -.027142 -.030068 .087704 .035672 -.006011 lwhitemg | -.001005 .001338 .001048 .000131 -.00393 -.002354 .000425 _cons | -.212585 .403413 38.2766 -2.53397 -139.422 -.157557 .069721

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .044498 ldist | .029396 .061403 lopen | .001143 .000553 .002818 english | .003026 .012476 -.000659 .02789 white | .053753 .07326 .001815 .003906 .664719 lwhitemg | -.001333 -.004506 -.000243 .000042 -.055043 .005255 _cons | -.374233 -1.32541 .25171 -.269544 -1.81279 .105672 1323.07

.

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.

. **VI. SITC-1 Digit Level Disaggregate Imports

. xtgls lrxsitc0 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 737.68Log likelihood = -1446.773 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc0 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2898051 .0887902 3.26 0.001 .1157795 .4638307 lgdp | .4124059 .1412029 2.92 0.003 .1356533 .6891585 lgdpau | -.6456913 1.138754 -0.57 0.571 -2.877608 1.586226lgdpdfrati~w | -.6947134 .5628581 -1.23 0.217 -1.797895 .4084683 lpopau | 9.628899 3.85001 2.50 0.012 2.083018 17.17478 lpop | -.0480602 .1399419 -0.34 0.731 -.3223414 .226221 lxrate1 | -.0877144 .0465641 -1.88 0.060 -.1789785 .0035496 lremote | .2317033 .2543292 0.91 0.362 -.2667728 .7301794 ldist | -2.144956 .471694 -4.55 0.000 -3.06946 -1.220453 lopen | -.3528004 .173535 -2.03 0.042 -.6929227 -.012678 english | 1.543554 .3201834 4.82 0.000 .9160064 2.171102 white | 19.30813 1.842387 10.48 0.000 15.69711 22.91914 lwhitemg | -1.88102 .1772642 -10.61 0.000 -2.228452 -1.533589 _cons | -130.0803 36.11945 -3.60 0.000 -200.8732 -59.28752------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .007884 lgdp | -.009552 .019938 lgdpau | -.010545 .010774 1.29676lgdpdfrati~w | -.002946 -.002621 .124256 .316809 lpopau | .033451 -.028465 -4.22291 -.229159 14.8226 lpop | .002855 -.01199 -.000547 .003026 -.019652 .019584 lxrate1 | .000593 .001047 -.000611 -.000432 .004152 -.002099 .002168 lremote | .003091 .002168 -.043241 -.056314 .007144 -.002065 .000084 ldist | .019432 -.02042 -.046928 -.034276 .084405 .021781 .002628 lopen | -.00065 -.000395 .007195 -.006312 -.089576 .007152 -.00116 english | -.011574 .010345 .012279 .00436 -.059943 .002493 .002793 white | .0347 -.074012 -.042412 -.041482 .029117 .079296 .002496 lwhitemg | -.003257 .005236 .000516 .000135 -.005822 -.005952 -.000306 _cons | -.361737 .153146 36.5473 1.0473 -135.084 .104224 -.082124

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .064683 ldist | .043052 .222495 lopen | .011199 .0049 .030114 english | -.004774 .016113 -.007116 .102517 white | .032781 .160742 -.000173 .104679 3.39439 lwhitemg | .000742 -.013542 .000591 -.007071 -.318447 .031423 _cons | .082321 -2.63975 1.08571 .305314 -.979028 .205211 1304.61

. xtgls lrxsitc1 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

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Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 763.34Log likelihood = -234.9085 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc1 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0004388 .0155648 0.03 0.978 -.0300677 .0309452 lgdp | .0419671 .0404876 1.04 0.300 -.0373872 .1213213 lgdpau | .0311633 .2695038 0.12 0.908 -.4970544 .5593811lgdpdfrati~w | -.0967431 .1494358 -0.65 0.517 -.389632 .1961457 lpopau | 3.080576 .9758234 3.16 0.002 1.167997 4.993154 lpop | .2450419 .0513773 4.77 0.000 .1443443 .3457396 lxrate1 | -.0312824 .0137872 -2.27 0.023 -.0583048 -.00426 lremote | -.0721762 .0955954 -0.76 0.450 -.2595398 .1151874 ldist | -3.156343 .3444688 -9.16 0.000 -3.83149 -2.481197 lopen | -.0404343 .0264613 -1.53 0.126 -.0922976 .0114289 english | 1.174084 .145256 8.08 0.000 .8893879 1.458781 white | 19.45482 1.308583 14.87 0.000 16.89004 22.01959 lwhitemg | -1.563264 .1227711 -12.73 0.000 -1.803891 -1.322637 _cons | -25.15132 10.86935 -2.31 0.021 -46.45486 -3.847784------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000242 lgdp | -.00015 .001639 lgdpau | .00031 -.001131 .072632lgdpdfrati~w | -.000277 .000499 -.005412 .022331 lpopau | -.001351 .005646 -.248367 .026832 .952231 lpop | -.000085 -.001336 .000149 .000062 -.003785 .00264 lxrate1 | .000023 -.000011 .000389 .000359 -.00319 .000032 .00019 lremote | .000166 .000872 -.005986 -.000473 .018172 -.000163 .000087 ldist | .000997 .002033 -.007653 -.000229 .022108 .000497 -.00037 lopen | .000026 -.000073 .000055 .00001 -.001562 .000119 -.00002 english | -.000223 .000253 -.000712 -.000514 .012449 .000884 -9.4e-07 white | .00082 -.006789 .002947 -.004208 -.030691 .010735 .000439 lwhitemg | -.000124 .00021 -.000362 .000306 .001535 -.000729 6.1e-07 _cons | .007079 -.106511 2.3663 -.331802 -9.72974 .044564 .044127

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .009138 ldist | .010397 .118659 lopen | -.000051 -.000349 .0007 english | .001044 .014816 -.000529 .021099 white | .006634 .024006 -.000347 .030223 1.71239 lwhitemg | -.000308 -.004052 .000069 -.003322 -.155958 .015073 _cons | -.341969 -1.45426 .028323 -.360113 .119545 .03292 118.143

. xtgls lrxsitc2 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10

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Wald chi2(13) = 765.79Log likelihood = -1322.096 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc2 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2044401 .0589051 3.47 0.001 .0889883 .319892 lgdp | .7188956 .1139449 6.31 0.000 .4955677 .9422236 lgdpau | -5.25076 1.894282 -2.77 0.006 -8.963485 -1.538036lgdpdfrati~w | -.1155377 .8469259 -0.14 0.891 -1.775482 1.544407 lpopau | 15.42571 6.559773 2.35 0.019 2.568792 28.28263 lpop | .1742854 .1301475 1.34 0.181 -.080799 .4293697 lxrate1 | -.0507623 .0368726 -1.38 0.169 -.1230312 .0215067 lremote | -.9063563 .3401742 -2.66 0.008 -1.573085 -.2396271 ldist | -2.820203 .5024172 -5.61 0.000 -3.804923 -1.835483 lopen | -.2223197 .1839785 -1.21 0.227 -.5829109 .1382714 english | .2666706 .2657704 1.00 0.316 -.2542297 .787571 white | 10.6785 1.515709 7.05 0.000 7.70777 13.64924 lwhitemg | -1.230745 .1579629 -7.79 0.000 -1.540346 -.921143 _cons | -98.8862 61.29696 -1.61 0.107 -219.026 21.25362------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .00347 lgdp | -.004511 .012983 lgdpau | -.004614 .009104 3.5883lgdpdfrati~w | -.005254 .00559 -.069195 .717283 lpopau | .018781 -.055372 -12.1308 .526609 43.0306 lpop | .00174 -.009385 .003063 -.001953 -.022134 .016938 lxrate1 | -.000382 .001691 .001852 .004205 -.01131 -.001219 .00136 lremote | .005275 -.008611 -.02025 -.059929 .028202 -.000122 -.005926 ldist | .018391 -.019542 -.015398 -.03581 -.031063 .01466 -.001289 lopen | -.000514 .000418 .022093 -.003769 -.179614 .007911 -.001046 english | -.001665 .004972 .004704 .018036 -.017366 .001011 .003351 white | .030601 -.061998 -.028418 -.027245 .169059 .065768 -.003632 lwhitemg | -.002598 .003553 -.000421 -.002672 -.002187 -.005211 -.000324 _cons | -.352253 .811113 107.278 -6.89106 -394.883 .094971 .177315

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .115718 ldist | .050563 .252423 lopen | .018056 .011686 .033848 english | -.018721 .019051 -.006885 .070634 white | .056426 .216 -.006017 .108958 2.29737 lwhitemg | .005393 -.021247 .001505 -.013478 -.228962 .024952 _cons | -1.18311 -1.77839 2.0333 -.017759 -4.43617 .227412 3757.32

. xtgls lrxsitc3 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 294.72Log likelihood = -700.6032 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc3 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------

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limmig | .0664447 .0450135 1.48 0.140 -.0217802 .1546696 lgdp | .1015887 .1073388 0.95 0.344 -.1087915 .3119689 lgdpau | -.0245754 .8706262 -0.03 0.977 -1.730972 1.681821lgdpdfrati~w | .2303976 .3032906 0.76 0.447 -.3640411 .8248362 lpopau | -1.774843 2.991525 -0.59 0.553 -7.638125 4.088438 lpop | .6224253 .1195187 5.21 0.000 .388173 .8566776 lxrate1 | .0437666 .0326846 1.34 0.181 -.0202941 .1078273 lremote | -.1956876 .2890154 -0.68 0.498 -.7621474 .3707722 ldist | -1.870517 .5644641 -3.31 0.001 -2.976846 -.7641876 lopen | .0150862 .0601817 0.25 0.802 -.1028677 .1330402 english | 1.654326 .3764571 4.39 0.000 .9164841 2.392169 white | 14.55681 2.491519 5.84 0.000 9.673522 19.4401 lwhitemg | -1.159157 .2290385 -5.06 0.000 -1.608064 -.7102497 _cons | 38.1192 28.73097 1.33 0.185 -18.19247 94.43087------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002026 lgdp | -.001584 .011522 lgdpau | .002097 -.001923 .75799lgdpdfrati~w | -.001601 .002571 -.025541 .091985 lpopau | -.0137 -.001046 -2.53503 .090885 8.94922 lpop | .000087 -.00881 -.000887 -.000162 .003995 .014285 lxrate1 | .000154 .000417 .001547 .001995 -.010986 -.000551 .001068 lremote | .001097 .006583 -.043003 -.013805 .137998 -.005891 -.000878 ldist | .007369 -.001392 -.002217 -.00373 -.055898 .010728 .002011 lopen | .000138 -.000564 -.002772 .004354 .006169 .001151 -.000091 english | -.004255 -.008018 .006177 .008024 -.018293 .012909 .002216 white | .005098 -.05964 .047141 -.005651 -.17428 .073086 .000836 lwhitemg | -.000824 .003065 -.007843 -.00049 .03325 -.005355 -.000165 _cons | .119398 -.087684 22.6315 -.82732 -82.7047 -.121768 .122895

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .08353 ldist | .025078 .31862 lopen | -.000216 -4.6e-06 .003622 english | -.021612 .064972 -.000566 .14172 white | -.029048 .13499 .004225 .207131 6.20767 lwhitemg | .006332 -.017569 -.000305 -.019227 -.54948 .052459 _cons | -2.1717 -2.46692 -.036134 -.340072 .727576 -.210655 825.469

. xtgls lrxsitc4 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 234.37Log likelihood = -766.9402 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc4 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | -.0085444 .0403703 -0.21 0.832 -.0876687 .07058 lgdp | .0471219 .0780642 0.60 0.546 -.1058811 .2001249 lgdpau | .0837175 .6848614 0.12 0.903 -1.258586 1.426021lgdpdfrati~w | .0089368 .2413431 0.04 0.970 -.4640871 .4819606 lpopau | -.2900592 2.35757 -0.12 0.902 -4.910812 4.330694 lpop | .5707535 .0901312 6.33 0.000 .3940996 .7474074 lxrate1 | -.0021566 .0218852 -0.10 0.922 -.0450508 .0407377

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lremote | .3062757 .2325016 1.32 0.188 -.149419 .7619704 ldist | -2.551536 .3938831 -6.48 0.000 -3.323532 -1.779539 lopen | .0176902 .0495554 0.36 0.721 -.0794366 .114817 english | .7377496 .3157683 2.34 0.019 .1188551 1.356644 white | -.240987 1.753097 -0.14 0.891 -3.676995 3.195021 lwhitemg | .1025807 .1728521 0.59 0.553 -.2362031 .4413645 _cons | 15.54388 22.94711 0.68 0.498 -29.43163 60.51939------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .00163 lgdp | -.001149 .006094 lgdpau | -.000087 .000309 .469035lgdpdfrati~w | -.000239 .000352 -.034682 .058247 lpopau | -.006254 -.001203 -1.56624 .115085 5.55814 lpop | .000039 -.004442 -.000548 -.000716 -.004035 .008124 lxrate1 | .000148 .000023 -.000198 .001291 -.003316 -.000187 .000479 lremote | .002205 .003496 -.025829 -.007453 .078229 -.002609 -.000233 ldist | .004539 -.002636 -.015697 -.001799 .033214 .002116 .00053 lopen | -.00006 .000242 .002411 .000389 -.010099 .000431 -.000017 english | -.00365 -.003151 .000445 .002616 .005787 .004744 .000728 white | .005106 -.029372 -.001583 -.010916 -.073979 .036076 .001998 lwhitemg | -.00058 .001629 -.002159 .000562 .015473 -.002453 -.000159 _cons | .061063 -.054661 14.0894 -.974743 -52.1198 .057252 .055982

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .054057 ldist | .029538 .155144 lopen | .000443 -.000742 .002456 english | -.012695 .039248 -.001234 .09971 white | .025497 .019465 -.000852 .121532 3.07335 lwhitemg | -.000041 -.000519 .00009 -.010647 -.293928 .029878 _cons | -1.41226 -1.88341 .096408 -.383349 .900871 -.188187 526.57

. xtgls lrxsitc5 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 575.48Log likelihood = -1053.333 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc5 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1076979 .0751192 1.43 0.152 -.0395331 .2549289 lgdp | .5943532 .1369008 4.34 0.000 .3260326 .8626739 lgdpau | -.5562521 .8290694 -0.67 0.502 -2.181198 1.068694lgdpdfrati~w | -.6797996 .3737932 -1.82 0.069 -1.412421 .0528216 lpopau | 6.701644 2.804486 2.39 0.017 1.204952 12.19834 lpop | .2827111 .1266208 2.23 0.026 .034539 .5308832 lxrate1 | -.1541762 .0347585 -4.44 0.000 -.2223015 -.0860508 lremote | .1595024 .234551 0.68 0.496 -.3002092 .6192139 ldist | -3.081064 .4507798 -6.83 0.000 -3.964576 -2.197551 lopen | .108301 .0913103 1.19 0.236 -.0706638 .2872658 english | .6568451 .2618622 2.51 0.012 .1436047 1.170086 white | 12.78062 1.946329 6.57 0.000 8.96589 16.59536 lwhitemg | -1.223481 .1845268 -6.63 0.000 -1.585147 -.8618151 _cons | -82.52112 26.62639 -3.10 0.002 -134.7079 -30.33435

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------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .005643 lgdp | -.006196 .018742 lgdpau | -.004933 .005775 .687356lgdpdfrati~w | -.000184 -.0013 .03594 .139721 lpopau | .015547 -.029198 -2.24444 -.048078 7.86514 lpop | .001255 -.011791 -.000782 .002093 .003929 .016033 lxrate1 | .000498 .001007 .000536 .000542 -.00372 -.001343 .001208 lremote | .001166 .006022 -.032166 -.02721 .02816 -.006476 .001769 ldist | .014595 -.010061 -.024808 -.004338 .078313 .003474 .000681 lopen | -.000114 .000112 .001898 .00217 -.027579 .001787 -.000505 english | -.005188 .016453 -.000034 -.004137 -.007609 -.012064 -.000279 white | .030596 -.053018 -.058786 -.037818 .099685 .048284 -.002219 lwhitemg | -.002796 .002356 .002208 .000864 -.003881 -.002359 .000088 _cons | -.192927 .16752 19.5928 -.011225 -72.0723 -.01079 .016828

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .055014 ldist | .022589 .203202 lopen | .002227 -.000586 .008338 english | .008709 .02782 -.003835 .068572 white | .048295 .107726 -.004132 .038218 3.7882 lwhitemg | -.000907 -.012072 .000264 -.006141 -.348077 .03405 _cons | -.341411 -2.70601 .371181 -.379841 -1.30757 .133861 708.965

. xtgls lrxsitc6 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 807.58Log likelihood = -1133.31 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc6 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2322858 .0748063 3.11 0.002 .0856681 .3789035 lgdp | .6032924 .1116824 5.40 0.000 .3843989 .8221859 lgdpau | .2357673 1.166705 0.20 0.840 -2.050932 2.522467lgdpdfrati~w | -1.059724 .5649604 -1.88 0.061 -2.167026 .0475776 lpopau | 2.164289 3.973604 0.54 0.586 -5.623831 9.952409 lpop | .0043903 .1201667 0.04 0.971 -.2311321 .2399128 lxrate1 | -.0366024 .0380981 -0.96 0.337 -.1112734 .0380686 lremote | .339907 .2832001 1.20 0.230 -.2151551 .894969 ldist | -2.694332 .4416199 -6.10 0.000 -3.559891 -1.828773 lopen | -.1083598 .0953416 -1.14 0.256 -.2952259 .0785064 english | 1.179867 .2875914 4.10 0.000 .616198 1.743536 white | 11.67068 1.329383 8.78 0.000 9.065135 14.27622 lwhitemg | -1.146952 .1284569 -8.93 0.000 -1.398723 -.8951809 _cons | -29.18032 37.21345 -0.78 0.433 -102.1174 43.75671------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .005596

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lgdp | -.00545 .012473 lgdpau | -.005459 .008357 1.3612lgdpdfrati~w | -.003648 .004277 .045499 .31918 lpopau | .013452 -.030905 -4.49646 .031411 15.7895 lpop | .001174 -.009143 -.003617 -.000245 .010457 .01444 lxrate1 | .000563 .000788 .00172 .00039 -.010847 -.001276 .001451 lremote | .004959 -.001985 -.031601 -.048492 -.000237 -.002416 .00187 ldist | .015362 -.010108 -.02895 -.025196 .058086 .003968 .000737 lopen | -.000282 .000857 .000424 .000772 -.025782 .000802 -.000359 english | -.005557 .010859 .004214 -.000598 -.003574 -.007496 -.000566 white | .029902 -.05312 -.055555 -.039895 .10729 .05499 -.001603 lwhitemg | -.002505 .003156 .002151 -.000878 -.007154 -.003834 .00018 _cons | -.197308 .294114 39.2779 -1.46038 -144.158 -.117647 .105418

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .080202 ldist | .046653 .195028 lopen | .004271 .001166 .00909 english | .003013 .033409 -.003349 .082709 white | .076731 .118392 -.008143 .02291 1.76726 lwhitemg | -.001306 -.011403 .000515 -.003584 -.163237 .016501 _cons | -.213681 -2.38054 .347593 -.505299 -1.95851 .189927 1384.84

. xtgls lrxsitc7 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 359.18Log likelihood = -1200.165 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc7 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2048726 .0558956 3.67 0.000 .0953192 .314426 lgdp | .3366769 .1038275 3.24 0.001 .1331788 .5401751 lgdpau | -2.075785 1.302802 -1.59 0.111 -4.62923 .4776595lgdpdfrati~w | -2.141851 .6020311 -3.56 0.000 -3.32181 -.9618913 lpopau | 6.669268 4.441632 1.50 0.133 -2.036171 15.37471 lpop | .1188131 .0848587 1.40 0.161 -.0475069 .2851331 lxrate1 | -.1002821 .0392172 -2.56 0.011 -.1771464 -.0234179 lremote | .9867028 .2741513 3.60 0.000 .4493762 1.52403 ldist | -1.079351 .4704234 -2.29 0.022 -2.001364 -.157338 lopen | -.0192954 .1166303 -0.17 0.869 -.2478866 .2092958 english | .6351219 .1885871 3.37 0.001 .2654981 1.004746 white | 7.567632 1.339847 5.65 0.000 4.941581 10.19368 lwhitemg | -.6210959 .1297417 -4.79 0.000 -.8753849 -.366807 _cons | -56.7945 41.29099 -1.38 0.169 -137.7233 24.13435------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .003124 lgdp | -.002892 .01078 lgdpau | -.004965 .006834 1.69729lgdpdfrati~w | -.00246 .000689 .093968 .362441 lpopau | .016287 -.037651 -5.6453 -.177003 19.7281 lpop | .000046 -.005304 .000561 .000455 .000693 .007201 lxrate1 | .000409 .001428 .000355 .000046 -.005085 -.001794 .001538

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lremote | .002504 -.000164 -.034744 -.052152 .059886 -.001272 .000315 ldist | .008593 -.002954 -.018065 -.017831 .02964 .010858 .000197 lopen | .000164 -.000015 .007589 -.000065 -.058792 .002799 -.000312 english | -.003359 .005517 .008239 .007062 -.026546 .001568 .000611 white | .015108 -.031525 -.035783 -.059098 .09919 .030663 -.004665 lwhitemg | -.001453 .000956 -.000478 .000629 .002873 -.002087 .000151 _cons | -.196114 .325048 49.3655 .710131 -179.154 -.105172 .059047

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .075159 ldist | .023304 .221298 lopen | .005914 .005572 .013603 english | -.008512 .005524 -.002138 .035565 white | .052152 .104961 .005557 .046419 1.79519 lwhitemg | .00156 -.013346 -.000449 -.005229 -.164096 .016833 _cons | -.896069 -2.47156 .638835 .090562 -1.97895 .099827 1704.95

. xtgls lrxsitc8 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 505.67Log likelihood = -983.2163 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc8 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1352895 .0513277 2.64 0.008 .0346891 .23589 lgdp | .5007654 .0987274 5.07 0.000 .3072632 .6942675 lgdpau | -1.482936 1.3567 -1.09 0.274 -4.142019 1.176147lgdpdfrati~w | -1.125016 .5596169 -2.01 0.044 -2.221845 -.0281874 lpopau | 4.862502 4.662731 1.04 0.297 -4.276283 14.00129 lpop | .0626808 .0995084 0.63 0.529 -.132352 .2577135 lxrate1 | -.0387776 .0387718 -1.00 0.317 -.114769 .0372138 lremote | -.7908773 .305266 -2.59 0.010 -1.389188 -.1925669 ldist | -2.947283 .454919 -6.48 0.000 -3.838908 -2.055658 lopen | -.042418 .1069963 -0.40 0.692 -.2521269 .167291 english | .6649867 .1972704 3.37 0.001 .2783438 1.05163 white | 11.09698 1.701049 6.52 0.000 7.762982 14.43097 lwhitemg | -1.107659 .15142 -7.32 0.000 -1.404436 -.8108809 _cons | -14.4577 43.76231 -0.33 0.741 -100.2303 71.31484------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002635 lgdp | -.00242 .009747 lgdpau | -.003238 .005819 1.84063lgdpdfrati~w | -.001305 .000191 -.029858 .313171 lpopau | .011192 -.029181 -6.1793 .18815 21.7411 lpop | -.00049 -.00582 -.001032 .000899 .004475 .009902 lxrate1 | .00005 .001485 .002289 .001694 -.013351 -.001596 .001503 lremote | .004225 .000511 -.02216 -.036729 .054651 -.003658 -.001228 ldist | .011254 -.008192 -.023002 -.014473 .060673 .00396 -.000788 lopen | -.000213 -.000225 .00572 .005318 -.049448 .002231 -.000082 english | -.002506 .003115 .00754 .006392 -.025544 -.001083 .002214 white | .011493 -.035313 .018106 -.022346 -.014364 .037448 -.00585 lwhitemg | -.000938 .001229 -.003274 -.000517 .007865 -.002415 .000329 _cons | -.196575 .286807 54.56 -2.21775 -199.367 -.07146 .164548

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| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .093187 ldist | .048076 .206951 lopen | .003473 .000995 .011448 english | -.018401 .007372 -.002668 .038916 white | .029605 .119587 -.001596 .034335 2.89357 lwhitemg | .001991 -.011358 .000299 -.003453 -.24872 .022928 _cons | -1.52942 -2.72967 .606365 .247972 -1.49782 .064741 1915.14

. xtgls lrxsitc9 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 827.88Log likelihood = -1577.065 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc9 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4191669 .0682076 6.15 0.000 .2854824 .5528514 lgdp | .2141304 .125989 1.70 0.089 -.0328034 .4610642 lgdpau | -2.232282 1.75431 -1.27 0.203 -5.670667 1.206103lgdpdfrati~w | -1.132673 .5908561 -1.92 0.055 -2.29073 .0253834 lpopau | 18.04518 5.985793 3.01 0.003 6.31324 29.77712 lpop | .509566 .1176456 4.33 0.000 .2789849 .7401471 lxrate1 | -.1253374 .0427181 -2.93 0.003 -.2090633 -.0416115 lremote | .3407999 .3120929 1.09 0.275 -.2708909 .9524907 ldist | -1.901308 .4456515 -4.27 0.000 -2.774769 -1.027847 lopen | -.1314022 .136164 -0.97 0.335 -.3982789 .1354744 english | .2489218 .2751376 0.90 0.366 -.2903379 .7881815 white | 17.06175 2.540725 6.72 0.000 12.08202 22.04148 lwhitemg | -1.625953 .246384 -6.60 0.000 -2.108856 -1.143049 _cons | -235.8774 55.50932 -4.25 0.000 -344.6736 -127.0811------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce | limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .004652 lgdp | -.005258 .015873 lgdpau | -.006395 .008956 3.0776lgdpdfrati~w | -.002339 .003167 -.033566 .349111 lpopau | .019957 -.042048 -10.259 .131381 35.8297 lpop | .001657 -.010486 -.00327 -.001811 .008244 .01384 lxrate1 | -.000131 .001698 -.000815 .003325 -.005685 -.001439 .001825 lremote | .005237 -.001943 -.046747 -.019956 .052979 .001666 .001287 ldist | .016575 -.011626 -.03426 -.002322 .093748 .009232 -.000603 lopen | -.000377 -.000297 .007256 .008282 -.047791 .003622 -.000313 english | -.004409 .010864 .008698 .002017 -.05238 -.005653 .001741 white | .018073 -.04582 -.060299 -.04984 -.066592 .054161 .004786 lwhitemg | -.001392 .001655 .000547 .001642 .013411 -.002736 -.000425 _cons | -.299685 .41651 90.1007 -1.48887 -326.15 -.13569 .084551

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .097402 ldist | .046768 .198605 lopen | .006027 .004454 .018541 english | -.011385 .025762 -.00467 .075701 white | .137219 -.009993 -.000151 -.018513 6.45529

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lwhitemg | -.004804 .001718 .000199 .001196 -.614769 .060705 _cons | -.938815 -2.94045 .464816 .330519 1.66724 -.195704 3081.28

log: K:\Exports\Malawi to Mauritious.logclosed on: 1 Aug 2006, 22:21:39--------------------------------------------------------------------------------