btec level 2 – phys 1 lesson 1 – forms of energy
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Thursday, 07 August 2014. Btec Level 2 – Phys 1 Lesson 1 – Forms of Energy. Aims of lesson: Know that energy can exist in many different forms Understand where energy is being changed from one form to another Starter Questions - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Btec Level 2 – Phys 1Lesson 1 – Forms of Energy
Aims of lesson:• Know that energy can
exist in many different forms
• Understand where energy is being changed from one form to another
Starter Questions1. Name 9 different forms of
energy (K….., H……, S……, L……., E……., G……, C……., N……., E……….)
2. What types of energy are produced by a light bulb?
3. In question 2 what form of energy is wasted?
Saturday 22 April 2023
Forms of EnergyKinetic (moving objects)Heat (hot objects)Sound (vibration of air or other medium)Light (from luminous objects)Electricity (flow of electricity along a wire)Gravitational (‘high up’ objects)Chemical (things you ‘burn’ to release heat)Nuclear (atoms that disintegrate to produce heat)Elastic (stretched objects)
Energy Changes
Objects change energy from one form into another, e.g.
Electricity Light (useful)Heat (wasted)
Chemical Heat (useful)Light (wasted)
Electricity Kinetic (useful)Heat (wasted)Sound (wasted)
Draw energy diagrams (like the previous ones) for the following events…
1. A car engine2. A wind turbine3. Roller Coaster a
the top of a slope4. A archer about to
shoot an arrow5. A battery6. A nuclear reactor
e.g. Chemical → Car engine →…. (useful)
→…. (wasted)
Things to do…• Longman FND. Page
176-177, Q 1-9 & ‘Summary’
• Worksheet E5.1 ‘Types of energy;
Questions (HT)Questions (HT)1. The diagram B shows two items that give out both heat and
light energy. Name two other things that give out heat and light energy.
2. Name something that does not use electricity, but produces sound energy.
3. Explain what would happen to the water molecules in a cup of water as the temperature decreases from 20°C to -20°C.
4. What would eventually happen to the particles if the temperature continued to decrease?
5. A person sleeping upstairs has gravitational potential energy. Explain why this energy is called potential energy.
6. A blown-up balloon has stored energy. What is the form of this energy and how could you release this energy?
7. What type of energy do both petrol and chocolate have?8. Look at the photo. For each form of energy, write down
three places in the kitchen where it is being used or stored(a) Gravitational Potential Energy(b) Chemical energy(c) thermal energy(d) electrical energy
9. Describe the forms of energy a spacecraft would have during a journey from the earth to the moon
Module 9 - EnergyLesson 18 – How we generate our ElectricityAims:• How electricity is generated from non-renewable
fuels• Know how a power station produces electricity
22 Apr 2023
Starter Questions…
1. Name two fossil fuels?
2. Name a renewable fuel?
3. What sort of power station uses uranium and plutonium?
FuelsA “fuel” is something that can be burned to release heat and light energy. The main examples are:
Coal, oil and gas are called “fossil fuels”. In other words, they were made from fossils.
Power stations
Cooling tower
Turbine
Generator
Transformer
Boiler
What does each part do?
The boiler is where the fuel is burnt to boil water
The steam from the boiler is used to turn a turbine
The turbine is connected to the generator, which acts like a dynamo – it generates electricity out of movement
The steam is cooled down and turned back into water in the cooling tower
Nuclear power stationsThese work in a similar way to normal power stations:
The main difference is that the nuclear fuel is NOT burnt – it is used to boil water in a “heat
exchanger”
Advantages of non-renewable fuels
Coal, oil and gas
Nuclear
Relatively cheap
Reliable
Flexible in meeting demand
Relatively easy to find
Cheap fuel costs
Don’t produce as much pollution
The problems…Power stations using coal, oil, gas or nuclear fuels can certainly whack out the energy, BUT…
Problem 1 – Fossil fuels and nuclear sources will RUN OUT
Problem 2 – Burning fossil fuels will pollute the atmosphere
Problem 3 - Nuclear plants run the risk of contamination and the cost of shutting them down (“decommissioning”) is very high
So what’s the solution?
Things to do…
Questions:(blockbusters)
Longman FND, book 1. Page 192-193. Q 1-7 & ‘Summary’
Homework:Worksheet E14.1 ‘Power Stations’
22 Apr 2023
1. Explain how steam is used to generate electricity2. What fuels can be used in a power station?3. What form of energy
(a) goes into, (b) comes out, of a generator
4. Copy and complete the following sentences…
Power stations use _____ to heat water and change it into steam. Steam turns ____, which spin large magnets. Magnets spinning inside a coil of wire produce an ____ current.
Electric Fuels Turbines
5. What harm can power stations do to the environment
6. How could you reduce this harm?
Rollercoasters
Rollercoaster Activity – Pass CriteriaRollercoaster Activity – Pass CriteriaThis lesson…• You have design the plans
for a rollercoaster. • The rollercoaster
construction team need a ‘side view’ of your design.
• E.g.
You must include…1. How the rollercoaster gets
up the fist slope.What energy changes are taking place here
2. What heights are the drops.Why the heights of the drops are different
3. What energy changes take place as the rollercoaster travelsWhat forms of energy are Useful / wasted?
Plan…
• This lesson…Draft (on one side of A4) show to Mr C
• Next lesson…Final copy – once draft has been checked
Module 9 – Energy, Lesson 9Module 9 – Energy, Lesson 9Gravitational EnergyGravitational Energy
Aims of lesson:• Know how to calculate the
energy of an ‘elevated’ object
• Know how elevated objects store energy
Starter Questions1. What is the energy
change as a roller coaster goes down a slope?
2. As the rollercoaster goes down the slope is any other form of energy produced?
3. How does a hydro-electric power station use gravitational energy?
Saturday 22 April 2023
EnergyEnergyForm of Energy Example Diagram
Light
Heat
Electrical
Kinetic
Chemical
Gravitational
EnergyEnergy
EnergyEnergy
EnergyEnergy
EnergyEnergy
EnergyEnergy
EnergyEnergy
Gravitational EnergyGravitational Energy
The amount of energy an object has depends on three things…•The mass of the object•The height it is lifted•The strength of gravity
Mass & WeightMass: The amount of ‘stuff’ in an object.
Mass always stays the same (kilograms)Weight: Gravity (a force) pulls on objects (with mass). The force of
gravity on an object is its weight. (Newtons)
Weight = mass x gravity
(N) = (kg) x (N/kg)Mr Connett has a mass of 74kg. This is the amount of stuff that makes him.Weight = mass x gravity
= 74kg x 10 N/kg= 740 N
1 kg
On Earth gravity pulls on each kilogram with a force of 10N
Calculation of Gravitational EnergyCalculation of Gravitational EnergyGPE (gravitational potential energy) = Mass x strength of gravity x height
GPE (gravitational potential energy) = Weight x heightEnergy (or Work done) = Force x distance
Questions…(1) A force of 100N drags an object 7 m. How much work is done? (2) An object, mass 3Kg is 6 m above the ground. How much potential
energy does it have?(3) A force of 6N is used to move an object 1 m. How much work has
been done?(4) (a) An object, mass 1kg is 10 m above the ground. How much
potential energy does it have this high up?(b) How much energy will it have if is only 0.5 m above the ground?(c) How much energy will it have if it is at ground level?(d) How much energy must it have lost if it falls from the original height, in part a) to the ground?
Calculation of Gravitational EnergyCalculation of Gravitational EnergyGPE (gravitational potential energy) = Mass x strength of gravity x height
Questions…(1) An object, mass 3Kg is 6 m above the ground. How much potential
energy does it have?(2) (a) An object, mass 1kg is 10 m above the ground. How much
potential energy does it have this high up?(b) How much energy will it have if is only 0.5 m above the ground?(c) How much energy will it have if it is at ground level?(d) How much energy must it have lost if it falls from the original height, in part a) to the ground?
Remember: Gravity = 10 N/kg
Calculation of Gravitational EnergyCalculation of Gravitational Energy
Energy (or Work done) = Force x distance (joules) (newton) (metres)
Questions…(1) A force of 100N drags an object 7 m. How much work
is done? (2) A force of 6N is used to move an object 1 m. How
much work has been done?(3) A car is pushed a distance of 1000 m. The pushing
force is 300N, how much energy is used?(4) 300 Joules of energy was used to move an object. The
force was 50N, how far was the object pushed?
Quantity…
Mass Strength of Gravity
Weight Height gain
Energy gain
Unit…
1. What is the equation that links force, distance moved in the direction of the force and work done?What are the units of the above equation?
2. (a) What are the units of work?(b) How much energy is transferred when a crane lifts a load of 5000N through a distance of 30m?(c) When does a force not do any work?
3. A car follows a lorry up a hill, which would have the most gravitational energy at the top of the hill – explain your answer?
4. Sue weighs 500 newtons. She dives 4 metres into a swimming pool.a) What is Sue's weight? b) What is her change in height?c) How much gravitational potential energy does she lose?
5. Work out the gravitational potential energy that these objects have:a) A bird weighing 1 N, perched at the top of a 20 m high tower.b) A football weighing 7 N, kicked 3 m up into the air.
6. As a bungy jumper falls through the air his gravitational potential energy decreases. a) Sketch a graph to show how his gravitational potential energy changes into kinetic energy during his first fall.Start your graph like this:
b) Where does the energy come from to make him bounce back upwards?
1. What is the name of energy that ‘high up’ objects have?
2. An object has a mass of 3kg, it is lifted 5m, how much energy does it have?
3. Mr C (mass 75kg) walks up some stairs (10m). How much energy did he use?
4. What energy does a roller coaster have(a) at the top of a slope(b) at the bottom of a slope
5. As a roller coaster travels down a slope, energy is wasted as H___ and S____.
6. At lunchtime Mr C, goes to Torridge Way chippy. Does he have more or less energy at the chip shop, compared to school – why?
Mass & WeightMass: The amount of ‘stuff’ in an object.
Mass always stays the same (kilograms)Weight: Gravity (a force) pulls on objects (with mass). The force of
gravity on an object is its weight. (Newtons)
Weight = mass x gravity
(N) = (kg) x (N/kg)Mr Connett has a mass of 74kg. This is the amount of stuff that makes him.Weight = mass x gravity
= 74kg x 10 N/kg= 740 N
1 kg
On Earth gravity pulls on each kilogram with a force of 10N
Gravitational Energy
Recap…• e.g.• A car has a mass of 1200kg.• It dirves up a hill 80 m high.• GPE = Mass x strength of gravity x height
= 1200kg x 10 N/kg x 80m= 960000 Joules (J)
GPE (gravitational potential energy) = Mass x strength of gravity x heightGPE (gravitational potential energy) = Weight x height
Gravitational Energy
Recap…• e.g.• A car has a mass of 1200kg.• It dirves up a hill 80 m high.• GPE = Mass x strength of gravity x height
= 1200kg x 10 N/kg x 80m= 960000 Joules (J)
GPE (gravitational potential energy) = Mass x strength of gravity x heightGPE (gravitational potential energy) = Weight x height
At the top of the hill the car has more gravitational potential energy
At the bottom of the hill the car has very little GPE
1. As a bungy jumper falls through the air his gravitational potential energy decreases. a) Sketch a graph to show how his gravitational potential energy changes into kinetic energy during his first fall.Start your graph like this:
b) Where does the energy come from to make him bounce back upwards?2. A weightlifter lifts a weight of 2250 N above his head.
It is lifted a height of 2m, how much work is done?3. Mr C has a mass of 73kg
(a) What is his weight?(b) If Mr C cycles up Efford lane, his height increases by 70m. How much energy does Mr C use cycling up Efford Lane?
4. Calculate the gravitational potential energy of a mass of 3509kg that has been lifted by a crane a distance of 20m.The Earth’s gravitational field strength is 10 N/kg
5. Repeat question 2, but this time the crane is on the moon, where the gravitational field strength is only 1.6 N/kg
Calculating Power…Calculating Power…
)()()(
sTimetakenJEnergyUsedWattsPower
Run or walk up stairs (from LSDH to maths floor) – Time taken = ……………s
My mass = ………. Kg
Energy used to run up stairs = mass (kg) x gravity (10 N/kg) x height (8.5m)
= ……… kg x 10 N/kg x 8.5m
= ……… J
Power = Energy used / Time taken
= …………. J / …………s
= …………… W (or Joules per second)