b.tech21911r07.pdf

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Code No: W0123/R07 Set No. 1

II B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2010SURVEYING

(Civil Engineering)Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80

Answer any FIVE QuestionsAll Questions carry equal marks

? ? ? ? ?

1. (a) Draw a neat sketch of a prismatic compass and explain it in detail.

(b) Explain bearing. What are different systems of designation of bearings. Ex-plain. [8+8]

2. (a) What are the essential differences between chain Survey and compass Sur-vey. Under what circumstances compass Survey is preferred to other types ofSurveys.

(b) Find which station is free from local attraction and work out the correctbearings.

Line F.B B.BAB 191o45′ 13o00′00

′′

BC 39o30′ 222000′30′′

CD 22o15′ 200030′00′′

DE 242o45′ 60045′00′′

EA 330o15′ 147045′00′′

[8+8]

3. (a) What is the difference between the “temporary” and “permanent adjustments”of a level?

(b) Name the temporary and permanent adjustments of a level. State the desiredrelations. [6+10]

4. How do you determine [8+8]

(a) The capacity of a reservoir and

(b) the earth work for a borrow pit?

5. (a) Differentiate between

i. Transiting and swinging of the telescope.

ii. Face left and face right readings.

iii. Clamp screw and tangent screw.

iv. Telescope normal and telescope inverted.

(b) In a theodolite traversing, the distances are to be measured to a precision of1 in 15,000. Determine the accuracy measurements. [12+4]

6. (a) What is tacheometry? Describe its uses.

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(b) To determine the distance between two points P and Q, and the R.L. of Q,the following observations were made:Height of tacheometer at P=1.480 mVertical angle at P= + 5020′

Staff readings (with staff vertical) = 0.545, 0.905, 1.265R.L. of P=150.000 m

k= 100.00 c=0.0 [6+10]

7. (a) Describe the method of setting out a simple circular curve using two Theodo-lites.

(b) Two roads meet at angle of 127030′. Calculate the necessary data for settingout a curve of 450m radius to connect two straight portions of the road if aTheodolite is available. [8+8]

8. What are the typical total station programs required to perform a variety of sur-veying functions explain them briefly? [16]

? ? ? ? ?

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? ? ? ? ?

1. (a) What are the objects of Surveying. Also explain the fundamental principlesof Surveying.

(b) A 30m chain was found to be 15cm too long after chaining 1524m. The samechain was found to be 30.5 cm too long after chaining the total distance of3048m. Find the correct length of the total distance chained assuming thatthe chain was correct at the commencement of chaining. [8+8]

2. (a) Explain the procedure of chaining. How will you record the measurements ofChain Survey. Enumerate the points to be kept in view while booking thefield notes.

(b) A Survey line BAC crosses a river, A and C being on the near and oppositebanks respectively. A perpendicular AD 40m long is set out at A. If thebearings of AD and DC are 380 451 and 2780 451 respectively and the chainageat A is 862m. find the chainage at C. [8+8]

3. The following consecutive readings were taken on a continuously sloping groundat a common interval of 20m: .385, 1.030, 1.925, 2.825, 3.730, 4.685, 0.625, 2.005,3.110, 4.485m. If the R.L of first point was 208.125. Calculate the R.L of the pointsby the rise and fall method. Also find the gradient of the line joining first and lastpoints. [16]

4. (a) Name the three methods of measuring volume. For what purpose each one ofthese is use?

(b) Explain the measurement of volume from cross sections. [6+10]

5. The table below gives the lengths and bearings of the lines of a traverse ABCDEA,the length and bearing of EA having been omitted. Calculate the length andbearing of the line EA. [16]

Line Length (m) BearingAB 204.0 87030′

BC 226.0 20020′

CD 187.0 28000′

DE 192.0 210030′

EA ? ?

6. The following readings were taken on a vertical staff with a tacheometer fitted withan analytic lens:

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Staff station Bearing Vertical angle Staff readingA 34020′ +110 0.850 1.410 1.970B 202050′ -40 0.755 1.885 3.015

The value of k for the instrument is 100, calculate the difference of level betweenA and B and the distance AB. [16]

7. (a) What is a compound curve. If in a compound curve, the direction of the twostraights and one radius are known, deduce the formula for other radius.

(b) Tabulate the necessary data to set out a right handed simple circular curve of600m radius to connect two straights intersecting at a chainage of 3605m byRankine’s method of deflection angles. The angle of deflection of the curve is250 and the peg interval is 30m. [7+9]

8. (a) What is Geodetic Surveying? How it is different from Plane surveying.

(b) Explain the importance of electronic surveying in the field of surveying.[8+8]

? ? ? ? ?

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? ? ? ? ?

1. (a) What are the objects of Surveying. Also explain the fundamental principlesof Surveying.

(b) A 30m chain was found to be 15cm too long after chaining 1524m. The samechain was found to be 30.5 cm too long after chaining the total distance of3048m. Find the correct length of the total distance chained assuming thatthe chain was correct at the commencement of chaining. [8+8]

2. (a) Explain the different methods of plotting a compass traverse.

(b) The following are the bearings of a closed traverse. Find out which of thestations are affected by local attraction. Tabulate the corrected bearings oflines.

Line F.B B.BAB N50030′W S47030′EBC N54000′E S53000′WCD S3030′E N4000′WDE S41030′E N41030′WEA S79030′W N78000′E

[8+8]

3. During a construction work, the bottom of a sunshade A was taken as a temporaryB.M having R.L=63.120m. The following readings were taken:Inverted staff reading on B.Mat A = 2.232 mReading on peg P on ground = 1.034mchange of instrument[Reading on peg P on ground = 1.328]Invered staff reading on the bottom of cornice B=4.124mEnter the readings in a level book page and calculate the R.L of cornice B. Use H.Imethod. [16]

4. Calculate the volume of excavation shown in Figure 4, the side slope being 11/2horizontal to 1 vertical, and the original ground surface sloping at 1 in 10 in thedirection of the center line of excavation. AB = CD = 20m and BC = AD = 30m.

[16]

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Figure 4

5. What are the different errors in Theodolite work? How are they eliminated? [16]

6. (a) What is tangential system of tacheometry? What are its advantages anddisadvantages over the stadia method?

(b) Determine the constants of a tacheometer if for the line of collimation hori-zontal, the staid readings for he staff held at 25 m and 50 m are respectively1.900, 1.410 and 2.22, 1.23 [8+8]

7. (a) Why are the curves provided. Explain different types of curves with neatsketches.

(b) Two straights intersect at a chainage of 3500.5m with an angle of intersectionof 1560. These two straights are to be connected by a simple circular curve of200m radius. Calculate the data necessary by the method of offsets from thechords produced with a peg interval of 20m. Explain the procedure to set outthe curve. [7+9]

8. (a) What are the similarities and differences between mapping and GIS?

(b) What is the role of Data Base Management in Geographical information Sys-tem?

(c) Differentiate Thematic Map and Topographical Map. [8+4+4]

? ? ? ? ?

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? ? ? ? ?

1. (a) a) Explain clearly the points of difference between the prismatic compass andSurveyor’s compass.

(b) What are the sources of errors in compass Surveying and what precautionsare to be taken to eliminate them. [8+8]

2. (a) Explain the different methods of plotting a compass traverse.

(b) The following are the bearings of a closed traverse. Find out which of thestations are affected by local attraction. Tabulate the corrected bearings oflines.

Line F.B B.BAB N50030′W S47030′EBC N54000′E S53000′WCD S3030′E N4000′WDE S41030′E N41030′WEA S79030′W N78000′E

[8+8]

3. Name the different types of levels. Describe the Dumpy level with the help of aneat sketch. [16]

4. Calculate the volume of excavation shown in Figure 4, the side slope being 11/2horizontal to 1 vertical, and the original ground surface sloping at 1 in 10 in thedirection of the center line of excavation. AB = CD = 20m and BC = AD = 30m.

[16]

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Figure 4

5. (a) Draw a neat sketch of a transit theodolite and explain the functions of itsvarious components.

(b) In a traverse survey, the angular measurements were made with an error of20”. What is the relative accuracy in the linear measurements? [12+4]

6. (a) What do you understand by tacheometry? What is the utility of an analyticlens in a tacheometer?

(b) The vertical angles to vanes fixed at 1 m and 3 m above the foot of the staffheld vertical at a station A, were +2015’ and +5050’, respectively. Determinethe horizontal distance and reduced level of A if the height of the instrumentaxis is 235.665 m above datum. [6+10]

7. (a) Draw a neat sketch of a simple circular curve and represent different elementsof it.

(b) Establish the relation δ = 1718.9C

Rminutes

where δ = deflection angle of the chord; C = length of chord. R= Radius ofthe curve,

(c) Calculate the perpendicular offsets at 20m intervals along the tangents to setout first five pegs of a simple circular curve of 250m radius. [4+4+8]

8. (a) What is Geodetic Surveying? How it is different from Plane surveying.

(b) Explain the importance of electronic surveying in the field of surveying.[8+8]

? ? ? ? ?

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Code No: W0221/R07

II B.Tech I Semester (R07) Regular Examinations, Nov- 2010

ELECTRICAL MACHINES - I

(Electrical and Electronics Engineering)

Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80

Answer any FIVE Questions

All Questions carry equal marks

1. a) State the principle of conversion of energy and apply it to an electric motor as

electromechanical conversion device? (8M)

b) Derive the expression for the energy stored in the magnetic field for singly excited

electromechanical system? (8M)

2. a) Discuss the function of commutator along with its constructional details giving suitable

diagrams. (8M)

b) A 4 pole lap connected dc generator having 50 slots on its armature with 6 conductors per slot,

the flux per pole 30 mWb and generates an open circuit voltage of 180 V. (i) Find the speed at

which the motor will run for the above condition, (ii) keeping the speed constant, suggest a

change in the armature of the generator such that the generator is capable to generate at no load a

voltage of 90 V, with the same rated flux. (8M)

3. a) What is meant by armature reaction? Briefly describe that the effect of armature mmf on the

main field is entirely cross magnetizing? (8M)

b) A 50 kW, 400V, 6-pole dc generator has 720 lap wound conductors. The brushes lead of 2.5

angular degrees (mech.) from the geometric neutral. Calculate the cross and demagnetizing turns

per pole. Neglect the shunt field current. (8M)

4. a) Explain with suitable diagrams (8M)

i) Critical resistance of the field circuit of the shunt generator

ii) Critical speed of the generator.

b) A separately excited dc generator has armature circuit resistance of 0.1Ω and the total drop at

the brushes is 2V. When running at 1000 rpm, it delivers a current of 100A at 250 V to a load of

constant resistance. If the generator speed drops to 700 rpm, with field current unaltered, find the

terminal voltage and current delivered to load? (8M)

5. a) Draw the load characteristics of shunt, series and compound generators? Describe these

characteristics nature and applications? (8M)

b) Two Shunt-wound generators running parallel each have an armature resistance of 0.03Ω and

field resistance of 60Ω. The combined external load current is 4500 A. The fields of the

generators are so excited that the electromotive force induced in the one machine is 500 V and in

the other machine is 510 V. Calculate the bus bar voltage and output of the each machine?

(8M)

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Code No: W0221/R07

6. a) Derive the expression for torque developed by the dc motor using BIl concept? (8M)

b) A 220 V dc shunt motor takes no load current of 10 A and runs at 1500 rpm. At full load the

armature current is 100 A and the motor runs at 1470 rpm. Resistance of the armature is 0.1

calculate the following (i) back emf at no load and full load and (ii) percentage of reduction in

flux due to armature reaction (8M)

7. a) Describe and compare the various methods of speed control of dc motors? (8M)

b) A 440 V dc series motor a regulating resistance of R in series. The motor resistance is 0.3Ω.

When R = 0 and the current I is 20 A, the motor runs at 1200 rpm. Find the speed when R=3Ω

and I =15A. Also find the ratio of total mechanical output in two cases. Given that the flux with I

= 15A is 80 % of that with I = 20A. (8M)

8. a) Draw and discuss analytically, the shape of the efficiency curve of a shunt motor. Determine

the condition for maximum efficiency? (8M)

b) Describe with suitable diagram of Field’s Test to find the efficiency of dc machine as a motor

and as a generator? (8M)

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Code No: W0221/R07







1. a) Derive an expression for the field energy stored in doubly excited electromechanical system.

(8M)

b) Show that the torque developed in doubly excited magnetic system is equal to the rate of

increase of field energy with respect to displacement at constant currents (8M)

2. a) Describe the constructional details of the armature of a dc machine giving suitable diagrams?

(8M)

b) A 4 pole wave connected dc generator having 60 slots on its armature with 6 conductors per

slot, runs at 750 rpm and generates an open circuit voltage of 230 V. i) Find the useful flux per

pole needed for the above condition, ii) keeping the flux constant, suggest a change in the

armature of the generator such that the generator is capable to generate at no load a voltage of

115 V, when running at same speed. (8M)

3. a) What is meant by ideal commutation? Describe the difference between actual commutation

and ideal commutation? (8M)

b) A 4-pole dc generator supplies a current of 143A. it has 492 armature conductors (i) wave

connected (ii) lap connected. When delivering full load, the brushes are given an actual lead of

100. Calculate the demagnetizing armature ampere turns per pole. The field winding is shunt

connected and takes 10A. Find the number of extra shunt field turns necessary to neutralize the

demagnetization? (8M)

4. a) A shunt generator, when driven at its normal speed, fails to self excite. Discuss the reason for

this, and state various conditions for the buildup of voltage? (8M)

b) The open circuit characteristics of a dc shunt generator driven at 1000 rpm is as follows

Field current (A): 0 1 2 3 4 6 8 10

Emf (V) : 4 115 230 315 360 405 430 450

Based on the above, Calculate

i) The emf to which the machine will excite with shunt field resistance of 50Ω.

ii) The additional resistance in the field circuit to reduce the emf to 392 V.

iii) Critical resistance of shunt field circuit at 600 rpm. (8M)

5. a) Explain how the external and internal characteristics of the dc shunt generator can be obtained

practically. (8M)

b) Two shunt generators are running parallel to supply a load of 5000A. Each machine has a field

resistance of 50 Ω and armature resistance of 0.02 Ω. The emf generated is 600 V and 610 V

respectively. Find the bus bar voltage and kilowatt output of the each machine. (8M)

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Code No: W0221/R07

6. a) Why the emf induced in dc motor is called as back emf and then explains principle of

operation of dc motor? (8M)

b) A 4-pole dc series motor has 944 wave connected armature conductors. At a certain load the

flux per pole is 34.6 mWb and the total mechanical power developed is 4 kW. Calculate the line

current taken by the motor and the speed at which it will run with an applied voltage of 500 V.

The total motor resistance is 3 Ω. (8M)

7. a) Draw a labeled diagram of a three point starter, showing also the protective devices? Discuss

the function of the above starter? (8M)

b) A 240V, 50A, 800 rpm dc shunt motor has armature circuit resistance of 0.2 Ω. If load torque

is reduced to 60% of its full-load value and a resistance of 2 Ω is inserted in series with armature

circuit, find the motor speed. Armature reaction weakens the field flux by 4% at full load and by

2% at 60% of full load? (8M)

8. a) Discuss various losses occurring in dc shunt motor and generator? State how each loss will

vary when the load on the machine is varied? (8M)

b) Describe with suitable diagram of Hopkinson’s Test to find the efficiency of dc machine as a

motor and as a generator? (8M)

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Code No: W0221/R07







1. a) Derive an expression for the mechanical force developed for singly excited magnetic field

system? (8M)

b) A doubly excited magnetic field system has the following inductances in terms of angle θ

between the stator and rotor coils.

Stator Self inductance, Lss= 0.16 H

Rotor self inductance, Lrr= 0.04+0.02cos 2θ H

Mutual inductance, Msr= 0.07cos θ H

If the current flowing the stator and rotor are 10 A and 8 A respectively Calculate the mechanical

torque developed? (8M)

2. a) What is the fundamental difference between a simple lap winding and a simplex wave

winding? Draw simple diagrams to show the above windings? (8M)

b) The armature of a 4-pole lap wound shunt generator has 120 slots with 4 conductors per slot.

The useful flux per pole is 0.05Wb. The armature resistance is 0.05Ω and the shunt field

resistance is 50 Ω. Find the speed of the machine when applying 450A at a terminal voltage of

250 V. (8M)

3. a) What is meant by commutation? Briefly describe the difference between good commutation

and bad commutation (8M)

b) A 4-pole dc generator supplies a current of 143 A. it has 492 armature conductors i) wave

connected ii) lap connected. When delivering full load, the brushes are given an actual lead of

100. Calculate the demagnetizing armature ampere turns per pole. The field winding is shunt

connected and takes 10A. Find the number of extra shunt field necessary to neutralize the

demagnetization? (8M)

4. a) A shunt generator, when driven at its normal speed, fails to self excite. Discuss the reason for

this, and state various conditions for the buildup of voltage? (8M)

b) The magnetizing characteristics of a separately excited dc generator driven at 400 rpm is as

follows

Excitation current (A): 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Induced Emf (V) : 110 155 186 212 230 246 260 271

The machine is connected as shunt generator and runs at 400 rpm. Calculate

i) The voltage generated by the generator, when the field circuit resistance of 50Ω

ii) It is desired to reduce the emf to 220 V, find the value of additional resistance required

in the field circuit

iii)The critical value of the shunt field resistance. (8M)

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Code No: W0221/R07

5. a) Draw the external characteristics of various types of dc generators and compare them? Give

its applications (8M)

b) A 110kW, short shunt compound generator has no load voltage of 500V and is over

compounded 10% producing a linear external characteristic. If the armature resistance be 0.09 Ω,

series field resistance 0.04 Ω, and shunt resistance 100 Ω, Obtain numerical values of the internal

characteristics and then plot the internal characteristic. (8M)

6. a) Discuss how the torque is produced in dc motor? Derive the expression for it? (8M)

b) A 100V long shunt compound motor takes 45A when running at 750 rpm. Its armature

resistance is 0.22Ω while the series and shunt field resistances are 0.13Ω and 100 Ω respectively.

Iron and friction losses amounts to 750W. Find i) shaft power, ii) Total torque and iii) Shaft

torque (8M)

7. a) Draw and explain the speed versus torque characteristics and current versus torque

characteristics of dc shunt motor? (8M)

b) A 250 V shunt motor has an armature resistance of 0.5 Ω is excited to give the constant main

field. At full load the motor runs at 500 rpm and takes an armature current of 30A. If a resistance

of 1 Ω is placed in the armature circuit find the speed at (i) full load torque and (ii) double full

load torque. (8m)

8. a) Briefly describe, how to separate the stray losses of a dc motor? Explain the test method with

suitable diagrams? (8M)

b) In a brake-test on a small shunt motor the speed was 1500 rpm the load on one side of the

brake band was 28.9 N and on the other 1.67 N. The diameter of the brake pulley was 15.2 cm. If

the input current was 2 A at 250 V, calculate the torque, efficiency and the brake horse power.

(8M)

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Code No: W0221/R07







1. a) Draw and explain with block diagram, the various energies involved in an electromechanical

energy conversion device? (8M)

b) Distinguish between the field energy and co-energy? (8M)

2. a) Define front pitch, back pitch, resultant pitch for the lap and wave windings with the help of

suitable diagrams (8M)

b) A 4-pole lap connected dc generator has no load generated emf of 500 V when driven at 1200

rpm. Calculate the flux per pole if armature has 120 slots with 6 conductors per slot. If each

conductor has a resistance of 0.01 Ω, find the armature resistance for lap and wave wound cases

the armature windings. (8M)

3. a) Explain the methods of improving commutation in dc machine? (8M)

b) How are demagnetizing and cross magnetizing ampere-turns/pole in a D.C Machines are

calculated? (8M)

4. a) What are the different causes of shunt generator fails to self excite? Also discuss their

remedies? (8M)

b) A long shunt compound generator supplies a load at 250V. The load consists of five motors

each drawing 60A and lighting load of 250 lamps of 100W each. Armature, series field and shunt

field resistance are 0.02, 0.05 and 50Ω, respectively. Find (i) armature current and (iii) emf

generated. How will be the ampere turns of the series winding be changed if a diverter of 0.1 is

connected across the series field. (8M)

5. a) Draw the external and internal characteristics of compound generators? What is meant by level

compounding and Explain how it is done? (8M)

b) A d.c series generator having internal characteristics which is a straight line through zero to

50V at 200A is connected as a booster between a station bus bar and a feeder of 0.3Ω resistance.

Calculate the voltage difference between the station bus bar and the far end of the feeder at a

current of

i) 1200A and

ii) 50A. (8M)

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Code No: W0221/R07

6. a) Discuss how the torque is produced in dc motor? Derive the expression for it? (8M)

b) A 600 V dc motor drives a 60 kW loads at 700 rpm. The shunt field resistance is 100 Ω and

the armature resistance is 0.16 Ω. If the motor efficiency is 85 %, determine

i) The input current

ii) Armature torque developed?

iii) The rotational losses. (8M)

7. a) Describe the ward-Leonard system of speed control of dc motor? (8M)

b) A 250 V, dc shunt motor has an armature current of 20A when running at1000 rpm against

some load torque. The armature resistance is 0.5Ω and brush contact drop is one volt per brush.

By how much main flux to be reduced to raise the speed by 50% with the developed torque is

maintained constant? Ignore the effects of armature reaction and magnetic saturation. (8M)

8. a) Briefly describe the Field’s test to find the efficiency of dc series machine as a motor and as a

generator? (8M)

b) Describe a method of determining the efficiency of dc shunt motor at various loads, without

actually putting the load on the motor? State the assumptions made in the method described.

(8M)

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Code No: X0324/R07


THERMODYNAMICS

(Com. to ME, AE, AME)

Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions


1. a) Show that work is a path function and not a state function.

b) Justify the statement that work and heat are not properties. (8+8M)

2 A cylinder contains 0.115m3 of gas are 1 bar and 90

0C.The gas is compressed to a volume

0.288m3, the final pressure being 5.67 bar. Calculate

i) The mass of the gas

ii) The value of index of compression

iii) The increase in internal energy of the gas and

iv) The heat transfer during the compression

If, after the above compression, the gas is to be cooled at constant pressure to its original

temperature of 900C, find the work of compression required. Assume γ =1.4 and R=0.3J/kg K.

(16M)

3. a) Prove: perpetual motion machine of the second kind is impossible.

b) Three cubic meters of air at a pressure of 1 bar and a temperature of 200 C is compressed

reversibly and adiabatically to 4.5 bar. The same mass is then expanded isothermally to the

original volume. Calculate the final pressure of the air, work done and the total entropy

change. For air Cp=1.00 kJ/kg K and R=0.257 J/Kg K (6+10M)

4. a) Using Maxwell’s relations deduce the two Tds equations

b) Derive the equation 1

1

p

s

−=

∂

∂

∂

∂

γ

T

V

T

V

(8+8M)

5. a) Explain the difference between a perfect gas and Real gas. What are the reasons of

deviation of a Real gas from perfect gas?

b) Write down the Vander waal’s equation of state of a real gas, explain its significance

c) Determine the pressure of 2 moles of air at 4000 K with a total volume of 0.5m3.Use the

ideal gas law and the Vander waal’s equation of state (6+4+6M)

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Code No: X0324/R07

6. A gas mixture in an engine cylinder has 12% CO2, 11.2% O2 and 76.5% N2 by volume. The

mixture at 10000C expands reversibly according to PV

1.2 = C to 7 times its initial volume.

Determine the work done and heat transfer per unit mass of the mixture. The average Cp

values for CO2, O2 and N2 are 1.27 kJ/kg K, 1.11Kj/kg K, and 1.196 kJ/kg K respectively.

(16M)

7. a) Explain the Atkinson cycle with the help of P-v and T-s diagrams

b) An engine working on Atkinson cycle takes air at 1 bar and 250

C. The air is compressed

isoentropically by a compression ratio 6:1.The heat is added at constant volume resulting the

final pressure to be 20 bars. The air is expanded to a pressure of 1 bar calculate, pressure and

temperature at various points on the cycle.

i) Work done per Kg of air and ii) Cycle efficiency. (6+10M)

8. a) Discuss the effect of superheat on the efficiency of Rankin cycle with the help of T-s

diagram

b) The following are the mean observations made during test on a steam turbine.

Duration of test = 2 hrs, power developed (turbine coupling) = 4500 kW. Total mass of steam

condensed = 50,000 kg (8+8M)

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Code No: X0324/R07


THERMODYNAMICS




1. A gas expands according to the equation PV= 100, where P is the pressure in KPa and V is the

specific volume in m3/kg. The initial pressure of the gas is 1000 KPa and the final pressure is

500 KPa. The gas is then heated at constant volume back to its original pressure of 1000 KPa.

Determine the work if combined process. Also sketch the process on P.V coordinates (16M)

2. a) What do you understand by thermometric property and thermometric substance?

b) Establish the correlation between centigrade and Fahrenheit temperature scales.

(6+10M)

3. a) State and prove Carnot theorem

b) A reversible heat engine operating between the thermal reservoirs at 9000 K and 3000 K is

used to drive a reversible refrigerator for which the temperature limits are 3000 K and 2500 K.

The engine absorbs 1800 KJ of energy as heat from the reservoir at 9000 K and the net output

from the engine refrigerator system is 360 KJ. Make calculations for the heat extracted from

the refrigerator cabinet and the net heat rejected to reservoir at 3000 K. (6+10M)

4. a) Draw and explain P-T diagram for H2O and label various phases

b) Dry saturated steam at 100 bar expands isothermally and reversibly to pressure of 10 bar

calculate the heat supplied per kg of steam (7+9M)

5. a) Deduce the relationship between absolute temperature and absolute pressure in an adiabatic

process.

b) 1.5 kg of air at pressure 6 bar occupies a volume of 0.2m3

. If this air is expanded to a

volume of 1.1m3, find the work done and heat absorbed or rejected by the air for each of the

following methods of trying one the process

i) Isothermally and

ii) Adiabatically (7+9M)

6. a) A gas mixture consists of 0.4 Kg of carbon monoxide 1.1 kg of carbon dioxide and 1.5 Kg

of nitrogen. Determine

i) Mass fraction of each component,

ii) Mole fraction of each component,

iii) Average molar mass of the mixture and

iv) Gas constant of the mixture.

b) Explain: partial molar properties (9+7M)

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Code No: X0324/R07

7. a)Drive an expression for the mean effective pressure of Diesel cycle.

b) Define the following terms with respect to Dual cycle i) Compression ratio,

ii) Cut-off ratio,

iii) Expansion ratio and

iv) Network of cycle. (8+8M)

8. a) Explain about the re-heating and refrigeration of a steam cycle with help of neat diagrams?

b) Obtain an expression for joule’s cycle in terms of pressure ratio.

(8+8M)

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Code No: X0324/R07


THERMODYNAMICS




1. a) Explain thermodynamic system, surroundings and universe, illustrate the same with

examples.

b) Distinguish between closed system, open system and isolated system with suitable

examples. (8+8M)

2. a) Derive the governing equation for the adiabatic process.

b) Explain joules experiment in detail. (10+6M)

3. a) What is absolute temperature scale? Develop this scale from Carnot theorem.

b) A reversible engine during a cycle of operation interacts with three thermal reservoirs

maintained at 2000 K, 300

0 K and 400

0 K. It receives 5MJ of heat from the reservoir at 400

0 K

and produces a net positive work of 840kJ. Find the amount and direction of heat interaction

with other reservoirs (8+8M)

4. a) Using Maxwell’s relations deduce the two Tds equations.

b) Derive the equation 1

1

p

s

−=

∂

∂

∂

∂

γ

T

V

T

V

(8+8M)

5. a) What is compressibility factor? Explain in the basic construction of generalized

compressibility chart.

b) Derive the equations used for computing the entropy change of an ideal gas. (6+10M)

6. a) Methane at 150kPa, 200C enters an insulated mixing chamber at a rate of 1.0kg/s. It is

mixed with air at 150kPa and 1800C in an air methane mass ratio of 15:1. The flow is steady

and kinetic energy changes are negligible. Ambient pressure and temperature are 100kPa

150C. Determine:

i) The temperature of the mixture leaving the chamber and

ii) The irreversibility of the mixing per kg of methane.

b) How gravimetric analysis can be compared with volumetric analysis? (10+6M)

7. a) Draw P-v and T-s diagrams of a diesel cycle and explain different processes in the cycle.

b) Derive an expression for the efficiency of the ideal cycle for the diesel engine. (8+8M)

8. Steam is supplied, dry saturated at 40 bar to a steam turbine. The condenser pressure is 0.035

bar. Calculate for the Ranking cycle for the following.

i) The work output neglecting pump work.

ii) The feed pump work.

iii) The heat rejected by condenser and the amount of cooling water required through the

condenser if the temperature rise of the water is 5.50C.

iv) The heat supplied

v) The Ranking efficiency. (16M)

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Code No: X0324/R07

II B.Tech I Semester (R07) Regular/Supply Examinations, Nov- 2010

THERMODYNAMICS



Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks

1. a) Define and explain Zeroth law of thermodynamics.

b) Distinguish between adiabatic and isentropic process.

c ) Identify the proper type of system in each case and explain the reason for your choice.

i) Electric generator, ii) Domestic tea kettle,

iii) Electric fan and iv) A living human being. (4+4+8M)

2. A cylinder closed at both ends contains a free piston, on one side of which is nitrogen and

other side air. The initial pressure and volume or each being 1.03 bar and 0.5m3respectively.

Both the piston and cylinder are perfectly insulated. In the cylinder on the air side of the piston

there is an electric heat or which is used to heat the air. Heat is added to the air in this manner

until the volume occupied by the nitrogen is 0.3m3. The initial temperature of each gas is

500C. Determine

a) the final temperature of air and

b) the heat supplied to air. Assume Cp for air as 1.005 and R for air as 0.287 kJ/ kg K and

γ =1.4 for nitrogen. Also draw the PV diagram. (6+10M)

3. a) Draw neatly the sequences of operation of Carnot engine on p-v and T-s diagrams. Show

that the entropy. Change during the cycle is zero

b) A Carnot engine operates between 1000K and 300K the change in entropy of the source is

0.6kJ /K. Find the heat added and the net work output.

c ) C02 gas is contained in 1.0m3 tank initially at 1.2 bar and 300K. The temperature is

increased by 400K by

i) Stirring with a paddle wheel and

ii) Heat supply from a reservoir. Find the initial and final availabilities of the gas. Which

method of heating is better from the thermodynamic point of view? (5+5+6M)

4. a) Deduce an expression for the non-flow availability for a system.

b) A 2kg piece of iron is heated from room temperature of 250 C to 400

0C by a heat source at

6000C. What is the irreversibility in the process? Assume for iron Cp=0.450kJ / kg K.

(6+10M)

5. 1 kg of air a pressure of 8 bar and a temperature of 1000C undergoes a reversible polytropic

process following PV1.2

=constant. If the final pressure is 1.8 bar, determine.

a) the final specific volume, temperature, and increase in entropy.

b) Repeat the problem if the process are to be irreversible and adiabatic between the states.

Also with the results plot processes on P-v and T- s diagram. (8+8M)

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Code No: X0324/R07

6. A room of dimensions 5m x3m contains an air water vapour mixture at 1 bar, 300C and 70%

relative humidity. Calculate

a) Mass of air, b) Mass of Water Vapour (8+8M)

7. a) Explain the Atkinson cycle with the help of P-v and T-s diagrams

b) An engine working on Atkinson cycle takes air at 1 bar and 250c. The air is compressed

isoentropically by a compression ratio 6:1. The heat is added at constant volume resulting the

find pressure to be 20 bars. The air is expanded to a pressure of 1 bar calculate pressure and

temperature at various points on the cycle.

i) Work done per Kg of air and

ii) Cycle efficiency. (6+10M)

8. a) Explain about the re-heating and refrigeration of a steam cycle with help of neat diagrams?

b) Obtain an expression for joule’s cycle in terms of pressure ratio.

(8+8M)

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Code No: X0423/R07 Set No. 1

II B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2010SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS

( Common to Electronics & Communication Engineering, Electronics &Instrumentation Engineering, Bio-Medical Engineering and Electronics &

Control Engineering)Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80


? ? ? ? ?

1. (a) Find the even and odd components of the signalx(t) = e−2t Cos t

(b) Rectangular function is approximated by a finite set of Sinusoidal function asgiven byf (t) = 4

Π

(

sin t + 13sin 3t + 1

5sin 5t + 1

7sin 7t + .....

)

Show that the Mean Squareerror of above function leads to zero for infinite terms. [6+10]

2. The complex exponential representation of a signal f(t) over the interval

(0,T) is f (t) =α∑

m=−α

(

34

+ (nπ)2)ejπnt

(a) What is the numerical value of T

(b) One of the components of f(t) is A Cos 3πt, Determine the value of A

(c) Determine the minimum no. of terms which must be maintained in the rep-resentation of f (t) in order to include 99.9% of the energy in the interval.

[4+4+8]

3. (a) Find the Fourier Transform of the following time function f(t) = e−at cos w0tu(t)

(b) State and prove frequency differentiation and integration properties of FourierTransform. [8+8]

4. (a) Explain how input and output signals are related to impulse response of a LTIsystem.

(b) Find the impulse response for the RL filter shown figure 4b. [8+8]

Figure 4b

5. (a) State and Prove Properties of cross correlation function.

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(b) If V(f) = AT sin 2π fT/2π fT find the energy contained in V(t). [8+8]

6. (a) With the help of graphical example explain sampling theorem for Band limitedsignals.

(b) Explain briefly Band pass sampling. [8+8]

7. (a) If F (s) = s(s+1)(s−3)

find all possible f(t).

(b) If F (s) = s+2(s+3)(s+4)

find all possible f(t). [8+8]

8. (a) Using the Power Series expansion technique, find the inverse Z-transform ofthe following X(Z):

i. X(Z) = Z2Z2

−3Z+1|Z| < 1

2

ii. X(Z) = Z2Z2

−3Z+1|Z| > 1

(b) Find the inverse Z-transform of [8+8]X(Z) = Z

Z(Z−1)(Z−2)2|Z| > 2

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? ? ? ? ?

1. (a) Define and sketch the unit step function and signum function bring out therelation between these two functions.

(b) Explain the Graphical Evaluation of a component of one function in otherfunction. [6+10]

2. (a) Explain the Gibb’s Phenomenon.

(b) Determine the Fourier series of the Function shown in figure 2 [6+10]

Figure 2

3. (a) Obtain the Fourier transform of the following functions:

i. Impulse function δ(t)

ii. DC Signal

iii. Unit step function.

(b) State and prove frequency-shifting property of Fourier Transform. [12+4]

4. (a) Explain the difference between the following systems.

i. Time invariant and time invariant systems.

ii. Causal and non-causal systems.

(b) Consider a stable LTI system characterized by the differential equation d2y(t)dt2

+

4dy(t)dt

+3y (t) = dx(t)dt

+2x (t). Find its impulse response and transfer function.[8+8]

5. (a) State and Prove Properties of cross correlation function.

(b) If V(f) = AT sin 2π fT/2π fT find the energy contained in V(t). [8+8]

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6. (a) A low pass signal x(t) has a spectrum x(f) given by

x(f) =1− |f | /200 |f | < 200

0 elsewhereAssume that x(t) is ideally sampled at fs=300 Hz. Sketch the spectrum ofxδ(t)for |f | < 200.

(b) The uniform sampling theorem says that a band limited signal x(t) can becompletely specified by its sampled values in the time domain. Now considera time limited signal x(t) that is zero for |t| ≥ T . Show that the spectrumx(f) of x(t) can be completely specified by the sampled values x(kfo) wheref0 ≤ 1/2T . [8+8]

7. (a) State the properties of the ROC of L.T.

(b) Determine the function of time x(t) for each of the following laplace transformsand their associated regions of convergence. [8+8]

i. (s+1)2

s2−s+1

Re {S} > 1/2

ii. s2−s+1

(s+1)2Re {S} > −1

8. (a) Find the Z-transform of the following Sequences.

i. x[n] = a−n u[-n-1]

ii. x[n] = u[-n]

iii. x[n] = - an u[-n-1]

(b) Derive relationship between z and Laplace Transform. [8+8]

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? ? ? ? ?

1. (a) Define

i. Basis Functions

ii. Norm.

(b) Determine whether each of the following sequences are periodic or not. Ifperiodic determine the fundamental period.

i. x1(n) = sin(6π n/7)

ii. x2(n) = Sin (n/8)

(c) Consider the rectangular pulse x(t) of unit amplitude and a duration of 2 timeunits depicted in figure 1c. [8+4+4]

Figure 1cSketch y(t) =x(2t+3).

2. (a) State the Dirichlet’s condition for Fourier series.

(b) Find Trigonometric Fourier series for a periodic square waveform shown infigure 2 which is symmetrical with respect to the vertical axis. [6+10]

Figure 2

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3. Find the Fourier Transform of the following function

(a) A single symmetrical Triangular Pulse

(b) A single symmetrical Gate Pulse

(c) A single cosine wave at t=0 [8+4+4]

4. (a) Explain how input and output signals are related to impulse response of a LTIsystem.

(b) Let the system function of a LTI system be 1jw+2

. What is the output of the

system for an input (0.8)t u (t). [8+8]

5. (a) A signal y(t) given by y(t) = C0 +∞∑

n=1

Cn cos(nωot + θn). Find the auto

correlation and PSD of y(t).

(b) Find the mean square value (or power) of the output voltage y(t) of the systemshown in figure 5b. If the input voltage PSD. S2(ω) = rect(ω/2). Calculatethe power (mean square value) of input signal x(t). [8+8]

Figure 5b

6. (a) Consider the signal x(t) =(

sin 50ΠtΠt

)2which to be sampled with a sampling

frequency of ωs = 150Π to obtain a signal g(t) with Fourier transform G(jω ).Determine the maximum value of ω0 for which it is guaranteed thatG(jω) = 75× (jω) for |ω| ≤ ω0 where X(jω) is the Fourier transform of x(t).

(b) The signal x(t) = u(t + T0) − u(t − T0) can undergo impulse train samplingwithout aliasing, provided that the sampling period T< 2T0. Justify.

(c) The signal x(t) with Fourier transform X(jω) = u(ω + ω0) − u(ω − ω0) canundergo impulse train sampling without aliasing, provided that the samplingperiod T < π/ω0. Justify. [6+5+5]

7. Determine the function of time x(t) for each of the following Laplace transformsand their associated regions of convergence.

(a) 1s2+9

Re {S} > 0

(b) SS2+9

Re {S} < 0

(c) s+1(s+1)2+9

Re {S} < −1. [4+6+6]

8. (a) Find the Z-transformation of x(n) = bn

n!for n ≥ 0 .

(b) Derive the relation between Z transform and Fourier transform.

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(c) Find inverse z transform of x(z) using long division methodx(z) = 2 - 3z - 1 + 9 z - 2

(1 + z - 1)(1 - 2 z - 1 + 4z - 2). [6+6+4]

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? ? ? ? ?

1. (a) Distinguish between orthogonal vectors and orthogonal functions.

(b) Consider the complex valued exponential signalx(t) = A eαt+jωt , a > 0 Evaluate the real and imaginary components of x(t)for the following cases

i. α real , α = α1

ii. α imaginary α=jω1

iii. α complex, α=α1 + jω

(c) Consider the rectangular pulse x(t) as shown in figure 1c. [6+6+4]

Figure 1cRepresent the above rectangular pulse in terms of weighted sum of two stepfunctions.

2. (a) Distinguish between the expression form of Fourier series and Fourier trans-form. What is the nature of the “Transform Pair” in the above two cases?

(b) Find the time domain signal x(t) corresponding to the Fourier series coeffi-cients. [8+8]

Cn =(

12

)|n|e

jnπ/20

3. (a) Determine the Fourier transform of a two sided exponential pulse x (t) = e−|t|

(b) Find the Fourier transforms of an even function xe(t) and odd function xo(t)of x(t). [8+8]

4. (a) Explain the difference between the following systems.

i. Linear and Non-linear systems.

ii. Causal and Non-Causal systems.

(b) Consider a stable LTI system characterized by the differential equation dy(t)dt

+2 y (t) = x (t) . Find its impulse response. [8+8]

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5. (a) For the signal g(t) = 2a/(t2+a2 ),determine the essential Band width B Hzof g(t) such that the energy contained in the spectral components of g(t) offrequencies below B Hz is 99% of signal energy Eg.

(b) Show that the auto correlation function of g(t)=C cos (ω0t+ θ0) is given byRg(τ)=(c2/2) cos ω0 τ ,and the corresponding PSD isSg (ω) = (c2π/2) [δ (ω − ω0) + δ (ω + ωo) . [8+8]

6. (a) Consider the signal x(t) =(

sin 50ΠtΠt

)2which to be sampled with a sampling

frequency of ωs = 150Π to obtain a signal g(t) with Fourier transform G(jω ).Determine the maximum value of ω0 for which it is guaranteed thatG(jω) = 75× (jω) for |ω| ≤ ω0 where X(jω) is the Fourier transform of x(t).

(b) The signal x(t) = u(t + T0) − u(t − T0) can undergo impulse train samplingwithout aliasing, provided that the sampling period T< 2T0. Justify.

(c) The signal x(t) with Fourier transform X(jω) = u(ω + ω0) − u(ω − ω0) canundergo impulse train sampling without aliasing, provided that the samplingperiod T < π/ω0. Justify. [6+5+5]

7. (a) If F (s) = s+3(s+1)(s+2)

find inverse Laplace transform for - 2 < Re(s) < - 1.

(b) F (s) = s+3(s+1)(s+2)2

find inverse Laplace transform for - 2< Re(s) < - 1

(c) Find the laplace transform of gate function shown in fugure 7c [5+5+6]

Figure 7c

8. (a) Using the Power Series expansion technique, find the inverse Z-transform ofthe following X(Z):

i. X(Z) = Z2Z2−3Z+1

|Z| < 12

ii. X(Z) = Z2Z2−3Z+1

|Z| > 1

(b) Find the inverse Z-transform of [8+8]X(Z) = Z

Z(Z−1)(Z−2)2|Z| > 2

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Code No: X0523/R07


ADVANCED DATA STRUCTURES

(Com. to CSE, ECC)



1. a) What is a friend function? Explain the advantages and disadvantages of it?

b) What are the two steps that happen with delete p? (8+8M)

2. a) What’s the difference between public, private, and protected?

b) Why can’t the derived class access private things from my base class?

c) How can we protect derived classes from breaking when we change the internal parts of the

base class? (5+5+6M)

3. a) What is an abstract data type? Discuss whether basic data types are abstract data types or

not?

b) Is the user defined data type “structure” is an abstract data type?

c) Explain various components of space complexity? (5+5+6M)

4. a) What is a linked list / chain. Write the program which gives the constructor and destructor

for chain.

b) Write a routine to rehashing for open addressing hash tables? (8+8M)

5. a) Write a C++ function to remove max element form max heap.

b) Explain in detail about the model for external sorting. (8+8M)

6. a) Draw the sequence of rotations required to perform a single right rotation and

a double LR rotation in an AVL tree?

b) Start with empty binary search tree: Insert the keys 15,5,20,14,30,22,2,4,5,7,9,18 in this

order. Draw the tree following each insert using binary search insert method. (8+8M)

7. a) Explain briefly the representation of red-black trees using an example?

b) Derive the amortized complexity of a find, insert or delete operation performed

on a splay tree with n elements. (8+8M)

8. a) Write an algorithm of KMP flow chart construction? Compute the performance of an

algorithm.

b) What are the properties of compressed Trie. (8+8M)

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Code No: X0523/R07



(Com. to CSE, ECC)



1. a) Each class has some special member-functions, which calls can be inserted by the compiler

into a code without explicit instruction of the programmer. Enumerate such functions,

members and cases, when implicit calls can arise.

b) When is copy constructors called?

c) Can a copy constructor accept an object of the same class as parameter, instead of reference

of the object? (5+5+6M)

2. a) What is Hybrid inheritance? Write a program to illustrate the concept of Hybrid

Inheritance.

b) What is template? Explain about function templates and class templates with suitable

examples. (8+8M)

3. a) Define Algorithm? What are the characteristics of algorithms?

b) Order the following functions by growth rate: N, 2N , N1.5, N2, N log N, 2

N, N

3?

c) Show the stack status and the output string at every step in converting the following infix

expressions to postfix expressions insisting on the usual precedence and associativity rules?

a+b*c-(d*e/f)*g (4+4+8M)

4. a) What is collision in hashing? Explain various collision resolution techniques along with

their advantages and disadvantages using suitable example?

b) Write the methods get (the Row, the Column) and set (the Row, the Column, the Value) for

a sparse matrix. (8+8M)

5. a)Discuss in detail about realizing a priority queues using heaps?

b)Explain about external sorting in detail. (8+8M)

6. Define a Binary Search Tree? Write the procedures to perform insertion, deletion and

searching in a binary search tree? (16M)

7. a) Explain about the LLr, LRr, LLb, LRb imbalances in a Red-Black tree with example?

b) Prove that the insertion of a new node in a red-black tree with n nodes in θ (logn) time in

the worst case. (8+8M)

8. a) Write an algorithm for Brute Force pattern matching and analyze its time complexity with

suitable example.

b) Compute a table representing the KMP failure function for pattern string “cgtacgttcgtac”.

(8+8M)

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Code No: X0523/R07



(Com. to CSE, ECC)



1. a) What is the default data hiding type for a class? Why are data members hidden? How would

you access them?

b) What is static member function? Explain in detail about limitations. (8+8M)

2. a) What is a “pure virtual” member function ?

b) How do you define a copy constructor or assignment operator for a class that contains a

pointer to a (abstract) base class? (8+8M)

3. a) Discuss briefly the asymptotic notations used for finding the complexity of Algorithms.

b) Implement queue ADT using template classes in C++. (8+8M)

4. a) What is Linear Probing? Write a C++ program that gives the data members and

constructors for the hash table class that uses linear probing.

b) Use linear probing, a hash table with b = 13 buckets, and the hash function f(k) = k mod b.

start with an empty hash table and insert pairs whose keys in order are 7, 42, 25, 70, 14, 38, 8,

21, 34, 11. Draw the hash table following each insert? (8+8M)

5. a) Write a C++ function to insert an element into min heap.

b) Discuss in detail about polyphase merge in detail. (8+8M)

6. a) Explain how to represent binary search tree with duplicates? Explain the insertion operation

of binary search tree with duplicates?

b) Start with an empty binary search tree with duplicates and insert the keys 2, 2, 2 and 2?

Draw your tree following each insert? What is the tree height following the insertion of n 2s?

(8+8M)

7. a) Define splay trees? Explain splay operation using a suitable example?

b) Start with a splay tree that is a 10- node full binary tree; the keys are1-10.Remove the keys

in the order 10, 9, 8... 1. Draw your tree immediately following each deletion.

(8+8M)

8. a) Write an algorithm for deleting a string from a compressed trie and also analyze its

complexity.

b) Describe the characteristics of Boyer-Moore algorithm. (10+6M)

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Code No: X0523/R07



(Com. to CSE, ECC)



1. a) Can you think of a situation where your program would crash without reaching the

breakpoint which you set at the beginning of main()?

b) If when creating a variable the programmer explicitly did not initialize it, in some cases, the

compiler itself would give it a certain, predefined initial value, and in some cases the initial

value would be unpredictable. What does it depend on? (8+8M)

2. a) What are the rules for virtual functions? Write a C++ program to demonstrate runtime

polymorphism using virtual function

b) What is single inheritance? Write a program to illustrate the concept of single Inheritance.

(8+8M)

3. a) How should we handle resources if constructors may throw exceptions?

b) How do we change the string-length of an array of char to prevent memory leaks even

if/when someone throws an exception?

c) What should we throw? What should we catch? (5+5+6M)

4. a) Define a sparse matrix? Explain its representation? Write the program that gives the header

for the class sparse Matrix which uses row major mapping of a sparse matrix into an arrayList.

b) Write an insert routine for hash tables with quadratic probing?

(8+8M)

5. a) Explain in detail about polyphase merge .

b) Define priority queue .Define the abstract data type for it? Write the abstract

class for the priority queues using heaps. (8+8M)

6. What is a Binary search tree? Provide a specification for the abstract data type BS Tree(binary

search tree with duplicates). Define a C++ abstract class that corresponds to this ADT. Write a

program to insert a pair into a binary search tree.

(16M)

7. a) Write pseudo code procedure for insert operations in a red-black tree.

b) Write an algorithm for visualization of a key insertion algorithm in a B-tree. (8+8M)

8. a) Explain the compressed trie with an example.

b) How will the KMP algorithms behave if the pattern and/or the text are null (have length

zero)? Will they ”crash”? If not, will their output be meaningful and correct.

(8+8M)

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Code No: W0822 /R07


ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

(Chemical Engineering)




1. a) Explain the gravimetric determination of the following (5x2=10M)

i) Iron – Cupferron ii)Ni-DMG complex

b) Write a note on Post-Precipitation (6M)

2. a) What are redox reactions and discuss the oxidation and reduction titrations with suitable

examples. (10M)

b) Write a short note on acid-base indicators (6M)

3. a) Derive combined form of Lamberts Beer’s law and explain why Beers’ law is deviated at

higher concentrations (8M)

b) Explain the principle, instrumentation and important applications of UV-Visible

spectrophotometry (8M)

4. a) Discuss the types of stretching and bending vibrations in a polyatomic molecules (10M)

b) Write a note on important applications of IR in inorganic compounds (6M)

5. a) Explain the preparation of thin layers in plates (8M)

b) Discuss the applications of TLC in organic compounds (8M)

6. a) write and principle and instrumentation of GC in detail (10M)

b) Write a note on Flame ionized detector (FID) (6M)

7. Write the principle and instrumentation and important industrial applications of HPLC with

neat diagram (16M)

8. a) Explain the estimation of chlorides present in water samples (6M)

b) Write a note on BOD & COD (10M)

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Code No: W0822 /R07







1. a) Explain in detail about impurities of precipitate (8M)

b) Discuss the gravimetric estimation of Ni-DMG complex (8M)

2. a)Explain various types of indicators used in acid-base titrations (8M)

b) Write a note on complexometric titrations (8M)

3. a) Define lamberts beers law and explain the limitations of beers law (8M)

b) Explain the estimation of Manganese in any alloy samples by UV-Visible

technique (8M)

4. a) Draw a block diagram of IR Spectrometer and explain each component of it. (10M)

b) Write a note on sources of IR radiation (6M)

5. a) Write the principle of planar chromatography and explain the applications of TLC in

quantitative analysis (10M)

b) Write a note on Rf and Rx values in chromatography (6M)

6. Explain the instrumentation of Gas chromatography with neat diagram and give some

important applications of GC (16M)

7. a) Discuss principle and qualitative applications of HPLC (10M)

b) Write a note on detectors used in HPLC (6M)

8. a) What is meant by hardness of water and write its units (6M)

b) Explain the estimation of hardness of water by EDTA method (10M)

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Code No: W0822 /R07







1. a)What is gravimetric analysis and explain Post and Co precipitation with suitable examples.

(10M)

b) What are the optimum conditions for precipitation? (6M)

2. a)Distinguish Qualitative and Quantitative analysis and explain why instrumental methods of

analysis are much superior than classical analysis. (8M)

b) Discuss the complexometric titrations with suitable examples (8M)

3. a) Define lamberts-Beers law and derive the equation for combined form of lamberts- beers

law (8M)

b) Explain the estimation of chromium in steal samples (8M)

4. a) write a note on sampling techniques in IR-Spectroscopy (8M)

b) Discuss the important applications of IR-Spectroscopy in identifying the functional groups

(8M)

5. a) What is chromatography and explain planar chromatography (10M)

b) Write a note on Rf in planar chromatography (6M)

6. a) Explain the importance of carrier gas in the Gas Chromatography (6M)

b) Describe important detectors used in GC (10M)

7. Write the basic principle, instrumentation and important applications of HPLC (16M)

8. a) define hardness of water and explain the estimation of hardness by EDTA method (10M)

b) Write a note on BOD (6M)

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Code No: W0822 /R07







1. a) What are the optimum conditions for precipitation (6M)

b) Differentiate Post and Co-precipitation with examples (10M)

2. a) write a note on acid base indicators (8M)

b) Explain in detail redox titration with suitable examples (8M)

3. a) Define Lamberts Beers law and explain the deviations (8M)

b) Explain the estimation of Chromium in alloy samples by UV-Visible Spectrophotometric

technique (8M)

4. a) How many fundamental vibrational frequencies would you expect to observe the IR

absorption spectrum of H2O (8M)

b) Explain the important applications of IR in organic compounds (8M)

5. a) What is Bathochromic and Hypsochromic shifts (6M)

b) Write the principle and applications of Paper chromatography (10M)

6. a) Draw a block diagram of GC and explain the functions of each component (10M)

b) Write a note on retention time and retention volume (6M)

7. a) Draw the block diagram of HPLC and explain each component involve in it (10M)

b) Write a note on detectors (6M)

8. a) What is the hardness of water and write the units (6M)

b) Explain the estimation of chlorides and dissolved oxygen present in water samples

(10M)

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Code No: X1221/R07


ADVANCED DATA STRUCTURES AND ALGORITHMS

(Com. to IT, CSS)



1. a) What is the default data hiding type for a class? Why are data members hidden? How would

you access them?

b) What are the two steps that happen with delete p? (8+8M)

2. a)What do you mean by run time polymorphism and how to implement run time

polymorphism using virtual functions in C++?

b) What is template? Explain about function templates and class templates with suitable

examples. (8+8M)

3. a) Define algorithm. How would you perform performance analysis of an algorithm.

b)Discuss in detail about stack ADT and give in detail its implementation. (8+8M)

4. Develop a class for hash table using linear probing and neverUsed concept to handle an erase

operation. Write complete C++ code for all the methods. Include a method to reorganize the

table when (say) 60% of the empty buckets have never used equal to false. The reorganization

should move pairs around as necessary and leave a properly configured hash table in which

neverUsed is true for every empty bucket. (16M)

5. a) Define ADT. Explain in detail about realizing a priority queue using heaps.

b)Describe in detail about the applications of heap sort. (8+8M)

6. a) What is an AVL Tree? Write the algorithm to search for an element of an AVL

Search Tree? What is its time complexity?

b) Give comparison of different search trees. (8+8M)

7. a) Explain the Binary tree in order traversal in 0(n) and 0(1) space.

b) Explain divide and conquer strategy by means of its control abstraction.

c) What is the difference between Greedy method and Divide and conquer. (5+5+6M)

8. a) Explain the Job sequencing with deadlines with an example using the greedy approach.

b) Describe the dynamic programming approach for the construction of OBST for a set of n

keys, if all keys are equally likely to be searched for. (8+8M)

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Code No: X1221/R07



(Com. to IT, CSS)



1. a) What do you mean by Stack unwinding?

b) What is the difference between const char *myPointer and char *const

c) Define precondition and post-condition to a member function.

d) What are the conditions that have to be met for a condition to be an invariant of the class?

(4+4+4+4M)

2. a) Discuss in detail about base class access control mechanisms .

b) Explain about console I/O and formatted I/O streams in C++. (8+8M)

3. a) Discuss briefly the asymptotic notations used for finding the complexity of Algorithms.

b) Implement queue ADT using template classes in C++. (8+8M)

4. a) What is Hashing? Explain the different Hash table representations in detail?

b) Elucidate on comparison of hashing and skip lists in detail. (8+8M)

5. a) Explain in detail about multiway merge and polyphase merge in detail.

b) Discuss in detail about external sorting with an example. (8+8M)

6. What is B-tree? Explain in detail about height of B-tree and to find insertion, deletion and

searching operations in B-trees. (16M)

7. a) Explain the procedure and also implement Merge sort in C++ using Divide and Conquer

technique and also find the time complexity.

b) Explain in detail about UNION Weighing rule and collapsing rule in detail. (8+8M)

8. a) What are the general characteristics of greedy algorithms and the problems solved by these

algorithms.

b) What is 0/1 Knapsack problem? Explain how principle of optimality applies to it. Also

derive its dynamic recurrence relation. (8+8M)

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Code No: X1221/R07



(Com. to IT, CSS)



1. a) What are the advantages of new operator than malloc in C?

b) What is common and what is the difference between implementations of the copy

constructors, initialization and overloaded assignment operators? (8+8M)

2. a) Explain the need for “Virtual Destructor”.

b) Can we have “Virtual Constructors”? (8+8M)

3. a) What are the different mathematical notations used for algorithm analysis.

b) Give implementation of list ADT using template classes in C++. (8+8M)

4. a) Explain the linear probing method in Hashing? Explain its performance analysis?

b) What is hashing with Chains? Explain? Compare this with Linear Probing? (8+8M)

5. a) Prove that the insertion of a new node in a red-black tree with n nodes in θ(logn) time in the

worst case.

b) Derive the amortized complexity of a find, insert or delete operation performed on a splay

tree with n elements. (8+8M)

6. a) What is an AVL Tree? Explain about the different rotation patterns in AVL trees

for balancing with appropriate examples?

b) Explain briefly about red-black trees and its operations. (8+8M)

7. a) Show that depth first search can be used to find the connected components of

an undirected graph.

b) Write the Quick sort algorithm Also analyze its time complexity in Best case. (8+8M)

8. a) Solve the following 0/1 Knapsack Problem using dynamic programming

n=4, m=30, (w1,w2,w3,w4) = (10,15,6,9) and (p1, p2, p3, p4) = (2,5,8,1).

b) Differentiate between Greedy method and Dynamic Programming. (8+8M)

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Code No: X1221/R07



(Com. to IT, CSS)



1. a) Explain about the dynamic memory allocation and de-allocation in C++.

b) Explain about static inner classes with a program.

c) What is the difference between “overloading” and “overridding”? (5+6+5M)

2. a)Explain the difference between virtual function and virtual inheritance.

b) Why should we use iostream instead of the traditional c stdio?

c) How can we get std::cin to skip invalid input characters? (5+6+5M)

3. a) Discuss in detail about the implementation of sparse matrix .

b)Describe in detail about space complexity and time complexity and analyze this for simple

program. (8+8M)

4. a) Define the abstract class for dictionary? Write the methods find, insert, erase used

in dictionary? Explain the time complexities to perform above three operations?

b) What is the structure to represent node in a skip list. Write the constructor for skipList

Write a method in C++ to find a pair with key theKey in a dictionary using skip list

representation? What is its complexity? (8+8M)

5. a) Define priority queue. Discuss in detail about realizing a priority queues using heaps.

b)Explain in detail about polyphase merge . (8+8M)

6. a)Explain in detail about balanced search trees and its operations in detail.

b)Explain in detail about splay trees and its operations. (8+8M)

7. a) Prove that for every pair of distinct nodes V and W in a bi-connected graph, there exists at

least two paths joining V and W that have no nodes in common except the starting and ending

nodes.

b) Write non recursive in order tree traversal algorithm and implement this in c++. (8+8M)

8. a) If objects are selected in order of decreasing Vi/Wi then prove that the algorithm Knapsack

finds an optimal solution.

b) Give high level abstraction for prim's minimum cost spanning tree algorithm. (8+8M)

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II B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2010GENETICS

(Bio-Technology)Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80


? ? ? ? ?

1. Using suitable examples explain how typical dihybrid ratios are altered due to geneinteractions [16]

2. Explain the Heterochromatin & Euchromatin nature of chromatin. [16]

3. What are HFr strains? Discuss their importance in conjugation. [16]

4. How is a Two - point testcross used for recombination mapping? [16]

5. Describe the organization of Prokaryotic Genome. [16]

6. Write notes on:

(a) integrated F factor

(b) plasmids. [8+8]

7. Write about role of sex chromosomes in sex defferentiation and development inHumans. [16]

8. Write notes on:

(a) Nuclear inheritance

(b) Extranuclear inheritance. [8+8]

? ? ? ? ?

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? ? ? ? ?

1. Describe Griffith’s initial experiments to explain the process of transformation.[16]

2. How is the genetic organization of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes different? [16]

3. Write short notes on:

(a) Chiasma & crossing over

(b) Recombination frequency & linkage intensity. [8+8]

4. Describe a Two-point testcross in detail. [16]

5. What is the method used in karyotyping .Explain the importance of of karyotyping.[16]

6. Describe inturrupted mating experiments in Bacteria. [16]

7. Write notes on:

(a) Haemophilia

(b) Color blindness. [8+8]

8. Write notes on:

(a) Nuclear inheritance

(b) Extranuclear inheritance. [8+8]

? ? ? ? ?

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? ? ? ? ?

1. Write about:

(a) Principle of Segregation

(b) Principle of Independent assortment. [8+8]

2. Explain the Heterochromatin & Euchromatin nature of chromatin. [16]

3. Explain briefly the process of Transduction in bacteria. [16]

4. What is meant by Three-point testcross? Explain. [16]

5. Write in detail about human karyotyping. [16]

6. Describe genic balance mechanism of Bridges. [16]

7. Haemophila predominantly expresses in males - justify the statement. [16]

8. Write notes on:

(a) Variegated phenotype

(b) Mitochondrial inheritance. [8+8]

? ? ? ? ?

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? ? ? ? ?

1. Explain Multiple factor inheritance in detail. [16]

2. Write short notes on:

(a) Histones

(b) Euchromatin. [8+8]

3. Explain how Recombination occurs? [16]

4. How is gene mapping done using Tetrad analysis? [16]

5. Describe the organization of Prokaryotic Genome. [16]

6. What is Bridges Balance theory? Explain. [16]

7. Write about role of sex chromosomes in sex defferentiation and development inHumans. [16]

8. What is extrachromosomal inheritance ? Explain with examples. [16]

? ? ? ? ?

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Code No: W2621/R07


MINING GEOLOGY-I

(Mining Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80


1. a) Define Weathering? Explain the weathering agents

b) Describe various types of Volcanoes with neat sketches

2. a) Describe the Bowen’s reaction series

b) Explain the formation of Quartz minerals

3. a) Define a rock?. Explain the classification of Igneous rocks.

b) How do you classify the Sedimentary rocks.

4. a) Define Texture? How do you discriminate minerals of igneous and Sedimentary types?

b) Explain the mineralogical properties of Conglomerate and Sandstone

5. a) Explain Physiographic divisions of India

b) Describe the mineral wealth of Cuddapah System of rocks.

6. a) Define Strike & Dip? How they are useful in Geological Mapping

b) Define Fault? Explain different types of faults with neat sketches.

7. a) Define Spring? Explain the controls of Groundwater movement

b) How do you measure the Intensity of Earthquake?

8. a) Explain the importance of Fossils in Stratigraphic Correlation

b) Discuss the characteristics of Ptilophyllum and Gangamopteris Flora.

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Code No: W2621/R07


MINING GEOLOGY-I

(Mining Engineering)




1. a) Explain how do assess the age of the Earth

b) Explain the Internal Structure of the Earth with neat sketch

2. a) Explain the continuous series in Bowen’s reaction series

b) Describe the genesis of Mica minerals

3. a) Define a Rock? How do you discriminate rocks in to three types.

b) Explain the classification of Sedimentary rocks.

4. a) Compare the textures of Schist and Gneiss

b) Explain the classification of Sedimentary rocks.

5. a) Define Stratigraphy? Discuss Vindhyan System of rocks.

b) Describe the Mineral Wealth of Gondwana group of rocks

6. a) What is Pedology? What are the Processes of Stabilisation of Soils?

b) Define Un-Conformity? Explain the types of Unconformities.

7. a) What control measures are required to prevent Landslides?

b) Explain the types of Seismic waves generated during an Earthquake.

8. a) Define Paleontology? How they are useful in Stratigaphy.

b) Explain the Gondwana Flora in India.

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Code No: W2621/R07


MINING GEOLOGY-I

(Mining Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80


1. a) Describe the Weathering Processes?

b) Briefly describe the surface features on the Earth

2. a) Explain the processes of rock forming minerals

b) Describe the Olivine group of minerals.

3. a) Define Metamorphism? Explain different metamorphic processes

b) Explain the processes involved in formation of Sedimentary rocks.

4. a) What is Texture? Explain the texture of Schist.

b) Explain the mineralogical properties of Dolerite.

5. a) Describe the Geological Time Scale?

b) Describe the Mineral Wealth of Kurnool system of rocks.

6. a) Define Fault? Explain various types of fault with neat sketches.

b) Describe Structures in Sedimentary Rocks.

7. a) Briefly describe Groundwater Exploration methods

b) Define Spring? Discuss the Geological Controls of Groundwater movement.

8. a) Define Paleontology? Explain the importance of Index Fossils.

b) Discuss the Gondwana Flora in India.

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Code No: W2621/R07


MINING GEOLOGY-I

(Mining Engineering)




1. a) Define Isostasy? Explain Mountain Building activity

b) Discuss the solar system with special emphasis on evolution of the Earth

2. a) Define Mineral? Explain the Bowen’s reaction Series

b) Describe mineralogical properties of Hornblende minerals

3. a) Explain the various rock types and classify them?

b) How are Sedimentary rocks formed?

4. a) Compare the textures of Granite and Basalt

b) Explain the Mineralogical properties of Limestone and Marble

5. a) Define Stratigraphy? Explain Geological Time Scale

b) Discuss Physiographic division of India

6. a) Define Fold? Classify different types of folds.

b) Define Pedology? Explain the soil Structure?

7. a) Define Water Table? Explain the Geological controls of Groundwater movement.

b) Define Landslide? What are the after effects of Landslides?

8. a) Define Paleontology? Explain the processes of fossilization?

b) Describe the Gondwana Flora.

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