btlew lesson 2 – discovery of a father part two enter discov ery of a father

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Lesson 2 – Discovery of a Father

Part TwoPart Two

ENTER

Discovery

of a

Father

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I. Author

II. American Civil War

Background Background InformationInformation

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Sherwood Anderson (Sep. 13,

1876–March 8, 1941) was a

great American writer, the

author of 27 works and seven

novels. He was also a poet and

a playwright, a newspaper

editor and a political journalist.


I.I. Author Author

To be continued on the next page.

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Sherwood Anderson was born in

Camden, Ohio, the third of seven

children. His father had served in

the Union Army in American Civil

War and later declined from the

harness business into odd jobs

of house and sign painting.


I. Author—his family I. Author—his family backgroundbackground


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Anderson influenced a younger

generation of important writers,

including Faulkner, Hemingway,

Steinbeck and others. He made

his name as a leading naturalistic

writer with his masterwork,

WINESBURG, OHIO (1919).


I.I. Author—his Author—his influenceinfluence


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a giant in American literature,a renowned Mississippi writer,Nobel Prize Winner for Literature, acclaimed throughout the world as oneof the twentieth century’s greatestwriters

Representative Works:The Sound and the Fury (in 1929)Go Down, Moses (in 1942)As I Lay Dying, Light in August, Absalom, Absalom! （— the greatest novels ev

er written by an American ）


William FaulknerWilliam Faulkner


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Representative Works:

The Sun also Rises

A Farewell to Arms

The Old Man and the Sea

For Whom the Bell Tolls


Ernest Ernest HemingwaHemingwayy


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American novelist, story writer,playwright, and essayist,Nobel Prize Winner for Literature in1962, best remembered for The

Grapesof Wrath (1939), a novel widelyconsidered to be a 20th-centuryclassic

Other Works:Of Mice and Men (1937)The Moon is Down (1942) The Pearl (1947)…


John John SteinbeckSteinbeck


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Windy McPherson's Son, 1916 Marching Men, 1917 Mid-American Chants, 1918 Winesburg, Ohio, 1919 Poor White, 1920 The Triumph of the Egg, 1921 Horses and Men, 1921 Many Marriages, 1923 A Story Teller's Story, 1924 Dark Laughter, 1925 The Modern Writer, 1925 Sherwood Anderson's Notebook, 1926 Tar: A Midwest Childhood, 1926


I.I. Author—his Author—his worksworks


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A New Testament, 1927 Alice and the Lost Novel, 1929 Hello Towns!, 1929 Nearer the Grass Roots, 1929 The American County Fair, 1930 Perhaps Women, 1931 Beyond Desire, 1932 Death in the Woods, 1933 No Swank, 1934 Puzzled America, 1935 Kit Brandon, 1936 Plays, Winesburg and Others, 1937 Home Town, 1940 Sherwood Anderson's Memoirs, 1942


I.I. Author—his Author—his worksworks

The end of Author.

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The American Civil War (1861—1865) was the greatest war and the only war fought on American soil. 3,000,000 people fought—600,000 people died. It brought an end to the constitution of slavery and paved the way for the capitalist development in America.


II.II. American Civil American Civil WarWar


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The Civil War was caused by a myriad of conflicting pressures, principles, and prejudices, fueled by sectional differences and pride, and set into motion by a most unlikely set of political events.

At the root of all of the problems was the institution of slavery. The American Revolution had been fought to validate the idea that all men were created equal, yet slavery was legal in all of the thirteen colonies throughout the revolutionary period. Although it was largely gone from the northern states by 1787, it was still enshrined in the new Constitution of the United States.


II. American Civil War—the II. American Civil War—the CausesCauses


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At the Constitutional Convention there were arguments over slavery. Representatives of the Northern states claimed that if the Southern slaves were mere property, then they should not be counted toward voting representation in Congress. Southerners, placed in the difficult position of trying to argue, at least in this case, that the slaves were human beings, eventually came to accept the three-fifths compromise, by which five slaves counted as three free men toward that representation. By the end of the convention, the institution of slavery itself, though never specifically mentioned, was well protected within the body of the Constitution.




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In 1808, Northern and Southern members of Congress voted together to abolish the importation of slaves from overseas, but the domestic slave trade continued to flourish. The invention of the cotton gin made the cultivation of cotton on large plantations using slave labor a profitable enterprise in the deep South. The slave became an ever more important element of the southern economy, and so the debate about slavery, for the southerners, gradually evolved into an economically based question of money and power, and ceased to be a theoretical or ideological issue at all. It became an institution that southerners felt bound to protect.




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But even as the need to protect it grew, the ability, or at least the perceived ability of the South to do so was waning. In 1800 half of the population of the United States had lived in the South. But by 1850 only a third lived there and the disparity continued to widen. While northern industrial opportunity attracted scores of immigrants from Europe in search of freedom, the South's population stagnated. Even as slave states were added to the Union to balance the number of free ones, the South found that its representatives in the House had been overwhelmed by the North’s explosive growth. The South found itself at the mercy of a government in which it no longer had an effective voice.




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Nothing but bitterness and bad feeling could come of it. From such a position it was a short step to the proposition that if a state or section of the country no longer felt itself represented in, or fairly treated by the Federal Government, then it had the right to dissolve its association with that government. It could secede from the Union.




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The whole mess went up in smoke in the presidential election year of 1860. The Democratic party split badly. Stephen Douglas became the nominee of the northern wing of the party. A southern faction broke away from the party and nominated Senator John Breckinridge of Kentucky. The remnants of the Whig party nominated John Bell of Tennessee.




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Into this confusion the new Republican party injected its nominee, Abraham Lincoln. Lincoln was a moderate Republican. As such he was a compromise candidate, everybody’s second choice. He was convinced that the Constitution forbade the Federal Government from taking action against slavery where it already existed, but was determined to keep it from spreading further. South Carolina, in a fit of stubborn pride, unilaterally announced that it would secede from the Union if Lincoln was elected.




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To everyone’s amazement Lincoln was victorious. He had gathered a mere 40% of the popular vote, and carried not a single slave state, but the vote had been so fragmented by the abundance of factions that it had been enough.



Abraham Lincoln, the 16th President of the United States


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South Carolina, true to its word, seceded on December 20, 1860. Mississippi left on January 9, 1861, and Florida on the 10th. Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas followed.

On Feb 9, 1861, the Confederate States of America was formed with Jefferson Davis, a West Point graduate and former U.S. Army officer, as President.



Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States


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At 4:30 a.m., April 12, 1861, the Confederate Army opened fire with 50 cannons upon Fort Sumter ( 萨姆特炮台 ) in Charleston, South Carolina. The Civil War broke out.




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"... but one of them would make war rather than let the nation survive, and the other would accept war rather than let it perish, and the war came.” Abraham Lincoln

Abraham Lincoln

(the Union Army)

Jefferson Davis

(the Confederate Army)


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Lesson 2 – Discovery of a FatherII. American Civil WarII. American Civil War— — Northern & Southern Northern & Southern Leaders in the Civil WarLeaders in the Civil War


Lin

coln

Davis

Grant

Sh

erm

an

Sheridan

Lee

Joh

nsto

n

Longstreet

N

S

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On April 9, 1865, Gen. Robert E. Lee surrendered his Confederate Army to Gen. Ulysses S. Grant at the village of Appomattox Court House in Virginia. The Union of the North finally succeeded.


II. American Civil War—the II. American Civil War—the EndEnd

The end of American Civil War.

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btlew lesson 2 – discovery of a father part two enter discov ery of a father

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