building a juvenile justice system of care. a juvenile justice system of care—a comprehensive...
TRANSCRIPT
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Building a Juvenile Justice System of Care
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A Juvenile Justice System of Care—A Comprehensive Approach
Definition and recognition of the problem Screening and assessment to identify the problem Integrated systems approach Matching both risks & needs to appropriate
interventions through a continuum of care that integrates both accountability (e.g., graduated sanctions), social interventions, and treatment interventions
Utilizing a strengths-based approach to assessment and service provision
Family involvement/engagement Culturally competent/gender appropriate programming Commitment and investment from key stakeholders,
interested parties, supervisors, and line-staff
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Defining Screening & Assessment
Screening: A brief process used to identify offenders who have a particular characteristic
Assessment: A more thorough investigation into this characteristic to assess the extent and level to which it exists and the appropriate system response it requires
Used for multiple purposes—in particular, they are used for two purposes in the juvenile justice system
To measure offender risk for reoffending Detention screening tools Risk/need assessment tools
To measure whether an offender has any mental health problems and/or substance abuse problems
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What is Screening for Mental Health & Substance Abuse
The problem: Juvenile justice personnel are not trained as mental health professionals or substance abuse counselors—how can they identify the presence of a problem?
Solution: Screening Screening=brief process used to identify youth who are
at-risk of having disorders that warrant immediate attention, intervention, or more comprehensive review (e.g., Massachusetts Youth Screening Instrument, Version 2: MAYSI-2)
Facilitates a “triage” process No special training (or minimal training) is required to
administer screening tools Scoring thresholds provide valuable information to
“next step”
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What is Assessment for Mental Health and Substance Abuse?
An assessment is completed by certified mental health professionals
Substantively, it is a comprehensive examination of: Psychosocial needs and problems Type and extent of mental health and substance use disorders Other issues associated with the disorders Recommendations for treatment
Requires much more time than screening Can be administered at regular intervals to measure the impact of
recommended supervision levels and treatment programming Many screening and assessment tools exist—therefore, it is critical
to choose the tools that are most appropriate for the population on whom it will be used
NEW RESOURCES Thomas Grisso, T. Vincent, G., & Seagrave, D. (2005). Mental Health Screening and Assessment in Juvenile Justice.
New York: Guilford Press. http://www.umassmed.edu/nysap/about.cfm Screening and Assessing Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders Among Youth in the Juvenile Justice System: A
Resource Guide for Practitioners http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles1/ojjdp/204956.pdf
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Juvenile Justice Risk Assessment
Simultaneously, juvenile justice agencies should also assess a youth’s level of risk by consistently utilizing a standardized risk/need tool
Use of the tool provides several advantages: Provides a scoring threshold for level of risk Provides the basis for a case plan for supervision and
intervention Serves as the baseline for measuring change in behavior
over time Creates a level playing ground for offenders
Examples of risk/need tools: Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (Hoge & Andrews, 1995), Washington State Juvenile Court Assessment
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How Should Screening & Assessment be Used?
Screening Assessment Intervention
--Pre-Adjudication: Further assessment & intervention is voluntary--Post-Adjudication: Assessment & Intervention can be mandatory
If problem is indicated, offender is referred to more thorough assessment by MH/SA professional
DSM-IV Diagnosis
Based on the professional’s assessment, appropriate level of treatment is provided—this information is combined with the risk assessment outcome to ensure integrated levels of accountability & treatment
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When Can Screening & Assessment be Used?
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Achieving a Comprehensive Response through a Juvenile Justice System of Care
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Barriers to Providing Effective Services
Herz, D. & Poland, A. (2002). Assessing the Need for and Availability of Mental Health Services for Juvenile Offenders
http://www.ncc.state.ne.us/documents/other/mental_health.htm Focus groups held with detention facility staff, probation
officers, Office of Juvenile Services personnel, and treatment providers
Surveys sent to judges, county attorneys, and public defenders Barriers identified by these groups:
Few resources/funds Caseload size and time available No standardized process screening and assessment Lack of availability of appropriate services Inappropriate placements Funding drives placements rather than need Delays in Medicaid processing
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Barriers to Effective Services, Continued
Inconsistent quality of treatment services Removal of family from process System’s reactive approach Interagency conflict & turf boundaries Lack of cross-training across juvenile justice and
behavioral health Lack of cross-training across juvenile justice agencies Lack of training for providers on antisocial behavior Politics Availability in rural areas Bilingual services/culturally and gender specific
services
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The Solution: Integrating SA, MH, and Justice Responses
Requires a shift in organizational cultural thinking in juvenile justice and behavioral health
Shared responsibilities rather than a shift from one system to another
Utilizing evidence-based programming within a continuum of care to address both risk and need
Build programming around youth and family strengths
Using a matrix of risk/need as an example
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Integrating Responses: The Matrix Example
Level of Risk
Level o
f Need
Low Moderate High
Low Diversion+ prev./educational interventions
Traditional probation + prev./educational interventions (ART)
Intensive supervision to correctional placement + prev./educational interventions (ART)
Moderate
Diversion + outpatient/intensive outpatient care
Probation + Outpatient/Intensive outpatient care to Drug/MH Courts
Drug/MH Courts to Multisystemic Therapy (MST)
High Residential treatment care + restorative justice programming
Intensive probation+ outpatient/intensive outpatient care to residential treatment/correctional placement
MST to residential care that combines correctional structure & intensive mental health treatment
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Key Components to Service Delivery
Utilizing a strengths-based approach to assessment and service provision
Measure youth and family strengths and incorporate them into programming
Family involvement/engagement Make family a central component to intervention Have alternatives in mind when incorporating families is
not possible Culturally competent/gender appropriate
programming Recognize differences and the value of traditional cultural
values and beliefs Incorporate individual/group experiences into evidence-
based programming
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Moving Toward a Comprehensive Response
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What Does it Take? Identification and inclusion of
stakeholders Support from policy-makers and agency
heads Working agreements across agencies Inclusion and overcoming philosophical
differences—finding room for compromise Building trust in the other systems and
fulfilling obligations
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Who are the Stakeholders?(People impacted by a decision or with the ability to impact a decision)
Community: Schools, victims, media, local policy makers, state legislators, advocacy organizations, businesses, parents and youth
JJ: Police, Detention Personnel, Prosecutors, Defense Attorneys, Judges, Probation Officers, State Juvenile Correctional Agency, and Parole Officers
MH & AOD: Healthcare organizations, Substance Abuse Provider Organizations, Mental Health Organizations, State SA and MH Authority
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Consequences of No Intervention and/or Ineffective Intervention
Consequences for System Processing Inappropriate use of detention Swinging pendulum between juvenile justice and behavioral health System conflicts & Funding manipulation
Consequences for System Responses Availability of resources and treatment providers Using appropriate levels and types of treatment and accountability Effective outcomes
Consequences for Youth Missed opportunities for prevention and to improve youth’s quality of
life Missed opportunities Race & gender disparities Serious offenders
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In Summary, A Comprehensive Response is Critical Because…
It increases public safety and enhances public health simultaneously
It promotes positive outcomes for offenders, families, and communities
It is a more efficient use of resources and is accountable for the impact it is having
It stresses resource and experience sharing across systems
It increases the likelihood that juvenile justice will reach its intended mission