building a life of hope for college students

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Hope Happens: Building Character Strengths That Matter

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Page 1: Building a Life of Hope for College Students

Hope Happens: Building Character Strengths That 

Matter

Page 2: Building a Life of Hope for College Students

Eileen Hulme, PhDExecutive Director, Noel StrengthsAcademy

Azusa Pacific University

Anita Fitzgerald Henck, PhDChair, Dept of College StudentDevelopment/Organizational Leadership

Azusa Pacific University

Page 4: Building a Life of Hope for College Students

Why should we care  about building hopein college students? 

Page 5: Building a Life of Hope for College Students

* Preparing students   

as leaders

* Positioning students 

for thriving lives

Page 6: Building a Life of Hope for College Students

Leadership Constructs

Psychological Capital (PsyCap)–Hope–Self‐Efficacy–Resilience–Optimism

Luthans, Youssef, & Avolio (2007)

Page 7: Building a Life of Hope for College Students

Leadership Constructs

Gallup – 4 characteristics people  need from their leaders

–Hope–Stability–Compassion

–Trust

Page 8: Building a Life of Hope for College Students

Student Thriving

• Historically, focused on natural  maturation (or student development)

• New movement toward positive  student development theory

Page 9: Building a Life of Hope for College Students

Individual Thriving

CompetenceStrengths

Character Strengths

StrengthsIndividuals already have within themselves what they 

need to succeed!

Page 10: Building a Life of Hope for College Students

BeautyBraveryCitizenshipCreativityCuriosityFairnessForgivenessGratitudeHopeHumorIntegrityJudgment

KindnessLeadershipLoveLove of LearningModestyPersistencePerspective/WisdomPrudenceSelf‐RegulationSocial IntelligenceSpiritualityZest/Vitality

Which Five Would You Include?VIA  Character Strengths

Page 11: Building a Life of Hope for College Students

Curiosity

Hope

Altruistic Love/Compassion

Persistence/Self‐Regulation

Zest/Vitality

VIA  Character Strengths

Positive Student Development includes:

Page 12: Building a Life of Hope for College Students

VIAMeasure

General Life 

Satisfaction

College 

Satisfaction

GPA

Zest .48** (1) .29** (5) 16* (9)

Love .45** (2) .15* (18) .02  (18)

Hope .43** (3) .37** (1) .22** (6)

Self‐Regulation .41**(4) .34** (2) .26** (3)

Curiosity .41** (4) .22** (11) .19** (8)

Fairness .39** (11) .31** (5) .24** (5)

Persistence .32** (18) .34** (2) .31** (1)

Correlations of VIA Character Strengths with Life Satisfaction, 

College Satisfaction & GPA

Lounsbury, J., Fisher, L., Levy, J., Welsh, D.  (2009)

Page 13: Building a Life of Hope for College Students

Students with higher levels of hope  outperform low‐hope individuals on

academic achievement measures  including: 

semester grades, 

graduation rates, and 

standardized tests, 

even after controlling for preexisting  levels of intelligence and ability. 

(Curry et al., 1997; Snyder, Harris, et al., 1991) 

Page 14: Building a Life of Hope for College Students

Six‐Year Longitudinal Study

Gathered hope scores of entering first‐year students and tracked for 6 years 

High hope predictedBetter GPA’sHigher 6‐year graduation ratesLess likely to be dismissed

Controlled for entrance examination scores

(Snyder, et. al. 2002 )

Page 15: Building a Life of Hope for College Students

Hope

is positively related to 

indicators of perceived academic competence (Onwuegbuzie & Daley, 1999) 

increased problem‐solving ability

greater academic satisfaction 

fewer incidents of disengagement in academic settings (Chang, 1998) 

Page 16: Building a Life of Hope for College Students

Hope is positively related  to athletic performance  even after controlling for 

natural athletic ability.   (Curry, Manain, Sondag, Sandstedt, 1997;  

Curry & Snyder, 2000)

High hope track athletes  outperformed low hope 

in track and field events.   State and trait hope 

accounted for 56% of  variance.  

(Curry, 1997)

Page 17: Building a Life of Hope for College Students

OK, I care but what is hope  anyway?

Page 18: Building a Life of Hope for College Students

Small Group Discussion

Create a one sentence definition for hope.

Page 19: Building a Life of Hope for College Students

Hope

The ideas and energy we have for the future

High hope people believe  the future will be better than the presentthey have the power tomake it so

Page 20: Building a Life of Hope for College Students

Hope

Goal‐directed thinking in which people perceive that they 

can produce routes to desired  goals

(pathways thinking)and the requisite motivation to 

use those routes (agency thinking)

(Snyder, 1995)

Page 21: Building a Life of Hope for College Students

Goal‐Directed Thinking

Four Categories of Hopeful Goals: 

Approach goals

Forestalling negative outcome goals 

Maintenance goals

Enhancement goals

Snyder, Feldman, Taylor, Schroeder, and Adams (2000)

Page 22: Building a Life of Hope for College Students

Goal‐Directed Thinking

Certainty of Attainment

Too Easy Too Difficult

Page 23: Building a Life of Hope for College Students

Goal‐DirectedThinking

Performance vs. Mastery Goals

Autonomously Chosen Goals 

Page 24: Building a Life of Hope for College Students

Pathways

Perceives that one can create multiple  strategies to reach his or her goals

Contingency plans when obstacles occur

Page 25: Building a Life of Hope for College Students

Agency

Can‐do thinking

Related to people’s confidence in their ability  to attain valued goals

Snyder, C, Shorey, H., Cheavens, K., Pulvers, M., Adams, V., & Wiklund, C.  (2002). 

Page 26: Building a Life of Hope for College Students

Snyder, C, Shorey, H., Cheavens, K., Pulvers, M., Adams, V., & Wiklund, C.  (2002). 

Motivation

Agency

Belief that a person’s behavior  is truly imposed by them 

rather than imposed by  some external source

Locus of

Control Mindset

Page 27: Building a Life of Hope for College Students

Snyder, C, Shorey, H., Cheavens, K., Pulvers, M., Adams, V., & Wiklund, C.  (2002). 

Motivation

Locus of

Control

Locus of control refers to an  individual’s belief about what 

causes the good or bad events in  his/her life. 

High internal ‐

events result  primarily from their own 

behaviors or actions. 

High external ‐

others, chance, or  fate determine the results of 

events.

Page 28: Building a Life of Hope for College Students

Motivation

Fixed Mindset –

believe their intelligenceis fixed, they have a certain amount of it 

and that’s all

Growth Mindset –

intelligence is not afixed trait that they simply possess, but 

something they cultivate through  learning

Page 29: Building a Life of Hope for College Students

Growth Mindset

Intelligence and personality are not set at birth, butsomething to cultivate through learning.

Everyone with effort and guidance can increase theirintellectual ability. 

They want to learn.  Readily give up opportunities tolook smarter to engage in something where theycan learn. 

Even students with low confidence in their abilitieswill still throw themselves into difficult tasks andstick with them. 

Page 30: Building a Life of Hope for College Students

Fixed Mindset

Intelligence and personality traits are innate and wecan’t change them.

They worry about how much intelligence they haveand need to look smart at all costs.

Easy, low effort success and outperforming otherstudents makes them feel smart.

They will often pass up valuable learning opportunitiesif the opportunities might reveal inadequacies.  

They readily disengage from tasks that pose obstacles 

Page 31: Building a Life of Hope for College Students

IMPLICATION S

FOR PRACTICE

Page 32: Building a Life of Hope for College Students

Challenge yourself to pursue  big questions and worthy 

dreams. (Parks, 2000)

Develop

ing Hop

e

Page 33: Building a Life of Hope for College Students

Hope Scale

___ 1. I energetically pursue my goals. 

___ 2. I can think of many ways to get out of a jam. 

___ 3. My past experiences have prepared me well for my   future.

___ 4. There are lots of ways around any problem.  

___ 5. I’ve been pretty successful in life.

___ 6. I can think of many ways to get the things in life  that are important to me.  

___ 7. I meet the goals that I set for myself.   

___ 8. Even when others get discouraged, I know I can  find a way to solve the problem. 

1= Definitely  2= Mostly  3= Somewhat  4= Slightly  5= Slightly 

6= Somewhat  7= Mostly  8= DefinitelyFalse               False            False               

False            True             True                True    

TrueSnyder, H

arris, et al. (1991)

Page 34: Building a Life of Hope for College Students

“Begin with the end in mind.”

(Covey)  Challenge students to make their goals their  own. 

Develop

ing Hop

e

Page 35: Building a Life of Hope for College Students

Teach reframing 

skills in relationship  to obstacles

Develop

ing Hop

e

Page 36: Building a Life of Hope for College Students

Imagine Yourself at Graduation

?Future Defined (Goals)

Action Steps with Energy

Aligning Your Strengths

Support People

Obstacles

Page 37: Building a Life of Hope for College Students

Strategies for Hope

Developm

entMicro‐intervention exercise ‐‐

Goal

developmentParticipants identify goals with concrete measurable end points

Frame approach toward positive goal accomplishment (i.e., not away from failure)

Identify sub‐goals for short‐term “wins”

(Luthans, et al, 2006)

Page 38: Building a Life of Hope for College Students

Strategies for Hope

Developm

entPathway

development

Select personal goal; brainstorm possible pathways to it

Create small groups to give feedback with additional pathway options

Inventory pathways, discard unrealistic options, retain small group of realistic opportunities

(Luthans, et al, 2006)

Page 39: Building a Life of Hope for College Students

Strategies for Hope

Developm

entContingency

development

Participants consider possible obstacles

Create small groups to give feedback with additional obstacle and strategy options

Facilitator focuses participants on advance identification of possible obstacles and alternate pathway development

(Luthans, et al, 2006)

Page 40: Building a Life of Hope for College Students

Hope draws students beyond the 

limits of their present situations, opens visions of new horizons and 

possibilities for them, and enables them to live in the midst 

of change and disturbance while  being anchored to a sense of 

belonging and purpose. (Dalton & Crosby, 2009)

Page 41: Building a Life of Hope for College Students

For additional information,  contact:

[email protected] Academy for Strengths‐

Oriented Leadership andEducation

Azusa Pacific UniversityAzusa, CA

Page 42: Building a Life of Hope for College Students

Please do not use these materialswithout advance permission ofEileen Hulme ([email protected])or Anita Henck ([email protected])