building automation system by kaung htat nyunt

7/27/2019 Building Automation System by Kaung Htat Nyunt

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I

Chapter-1 Introduction to HVAC Control Systems

. Control System? 1-1. Control 1-3. Control Loops 1-5. Control Modes 1-9. Gains and Loop Tuning 1-23. Control Action Normal Position 1-26

. Control Range 1-30. Control Documentation and Operation 1-32. Servicing and Maintenance 1-32

Chapter-2 Control System for Buildings. Modem Control Systems 2-1. Sustainable Development and Global Environment 2-2

.. Energy Efficiency 2-3. Building Control System 2-4. Control Modes 2-6

.. Two Position (ON/OFF) Control 2-6.. Floating Control 2-8.. Proportional Control 2-9.. Integral Control 2-12.. Proportional Plus Integral (PI) Control 2-13.. Proportional Plus Integral Plus Derivative (PID) Control 2-14.. Cascade Control (Reset Control) 2-15

. Logic Control 2-17. Control Mode 2-18. Optimum Start 2-19. Sampling Time 2-20. Tuning 2-21. Complexity of Control Systems 2-23

Chapter -3 Sensors and Transducers. Classification Of Instruments 3-1.(Definition of Terminology) 3-4. Sensor Performance Characteristic 3-9. Selection Requirements 3-10

HVACCONTROLS AND

BUILDING AUTOMATION SYSTEMS


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HVAC Controls and Building Automation Systems

II

. Classification of Error 3-12. Temperature Sensors 3-13

.. Principles of Temperature Measurement 3-14.. Thermocouple 3-16.. Thermistors 3-17

.. Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTDs) 3-19.. Integrated Circuit (IC) Temperature Sensors 3-22.. Summary of Temperature Sensors 3-24..Tmpratr sors Masr Errors 3-24

. Moisture Sensors 3-25.. Humidity Sensors 3-25.. Relative Humidity Sensors 3-26.. Resistance Type Humidity Sensors 3-26.. Capacitance Type Humidity Sensors 3-26

.. Lithium Chloride Dew-point Sensors 3-27.. Chilled-Mirror Dew-point Sensors 3-28.. Psychrometers 3-28

. Pressure Sensors 3-29.. Summary of Pressure Sensors for BAS Applications 3-31.. Mechanical Pressure Gauges 3-32.. Diaphragm Sensor 3-34.. Potentiometers 3-34.. Electrical Pressure Guages 3-34

.. Capacitance Pressure Detectors 3-34.. Inductive Pressure Transducers 3-36

. Flow Sensors and Meters 3-36.. Differential Pressure Flow Meters 3-37.. Orifice Meter 3-37.. Venturi Meter 3-38.. Displacement Flow Meters 3-40.. Turbine Meter 3-41.. Target Meter 3-42.. Vortex Meter/Swirlmeter 3-42.. Passive Flow Meters 3-43.. Transit Time Ultrasonic Meters 3-43.. Magnetic Flow Meters 3-44.. Mass Flow Meters 3-46.. Displacement Flow Meters 3-48

Chapter-4 Control Valves and Dampers. Introduction 4-1

.. Study Objective 4-1. Two-Way Control Valves 4-2


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III

.. Style and Principles of Operation 4-2. Three Way Control Valve 4-9. Valve 4-11

.. Valve (Sizing) 4-13.. Flow Characteristic Selection 4-17

.. (Close Off Pressure) 4-21.. Valve Selection 4-23.. Valve (Valve Sizing) 4-23.. Valve Schedule 4-25

. Control Dampers 4-26.. () Two Position Duty 4-30.. () Capacity Control Duty 4-34.. () Mixing Duty 4-37.. Factors Affecting Damper Performance 4-39

.. Volume Control Dampers 4-40.. Damper Applications 4-41.. Damper Actuator Selection Guide 4-41

Chapter-5 Introduction to Building Automation System (BAS). Introduction 5-1_ .. What is Building Automation? 5-2_ .. Building Automation Building Control 5-3

.. Building Automation System 5-5. Building Automation System Architecture 5-7_ .. Configuration 5-7_ .. Field-Level Controllers 5-9_ .. System-Level Controllers 5-10

.. Management Level Management Processor 5-11. Building Automation System (Basic Functions) 5-14_ .. BAS Trend Logging 5-15_ .. Data Analysis and Report Generation 5-16

_ .. Totalization 5-17.. Scheduling 5-18_ .. Equipment Interlocks 5-18_ .. Metering 5-18_ .. Monitoring 5-19

.. Graphic 5-19_ .. Alarms 5-22_ .. Maintenance Scheduling and Inventory Control 5-22

.. Controls 5-22

_ .. Software Functions 5-22_ .. User Access Level 5-22


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IV

Chapter-6 Direct Digital Controllers (DDC). Basic Feature of DDC Hardware Component 6-1_ .. DDC Power Supply 6-3

.. Microprocessor (CPU) 6-4_ .. Microcomputer Structure and Buses 6-6

.. Memory Size 6-7. DDC Input/Output Unit Interface 6-9. Direct Digital Controller (DDC) Input Points 6-10_ .. On/Off Input Digital Input (DI) Binary Input (BI) 6-10

.. Variable Input Analog Input (AI) 6-10_ .. Pulsed Input (PI) 6-11. Direct Digital Controller (DDC) Output Points 6-11_ .. On/off Output Digital Output (DO) Binary Output (BO) 6-11

.. Variable Output Analog Output(AO) 6-12. I/O Point Characteristics 6-15. DDC Operating Sequence 6-18. Control Sequence 6-19

Chapter-7 Direct Digital Controllers (DDC) Wiring. Fan Coil Unit (FCU) DDC Controller (Model: UFC0882L) 7-1_ .. Description 7-1

.. DDC Terminal Block Assignment UFC0882L 7-2

_ .. DDC Layout and Wiring Diagram 7-3. Fan Controller DDC (Model U6F2484L) 7-3_ .. Description 7-4

.. DDC Terminal Block Assignment (UGM2484L) 7-4_ .. DDC Layout and Wiring Diagram 7-5. Fan Control DDC (U8F2484L) 7-5_ .. Description 7-6

.. DDC Terminal Block Assignment (U8F2484L) 7-6.. DDC Layout and Wiring Diagram 7-7

. Constant Air Volume (CAV) AHU Controller (UAH1464L) 7-8.. Description 7-8.. DDC Terminal Block Assignment (UAH1464L) 7-10.. DDC Layout and Wiring Diagram (CAV AHU) 7-11.. CAV AHU Typical Sensor Termination 7-12

. VAV AHU Controller Control Logic 7-13.. Description of DDC Inputs and Outputs 7-14.. DDC Terminal Block Assignment (UAH2484L) 7-17

.

.

AHU Control Logic 7-18

. VAV Box DDC Controller (Model: UAV0520L) 7-21.. Description 7-21.. Control of Pressure Independent VAV Operation 7-21


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V

.. DDC Terminal Block Assignment (UAV0520L) 7-22.. DDC Layout and Wiring Diagram 7-23

. Lighting Controller DDC (ULC0882L) 7-23.. Description 7-23.. Output Channels 7-23

.. DDC Terminal Block Assignment (ULC0882L ) 7-24.. DDC Layout and Wiring Diagram 7-25.. Typical Sensor Termination 7-25

. General Monitoring DDC (UGM0882L) 7-26.. Description 7-26.. Terminal Block Assignments (UGM0882L) 7-27.. Typical Sensor Termination 7-28.. DDC Layout and Wiring Diagram 7-29

. General Monitoring DDC (UGM2484L) 7-29

.. Description 7-29.. Output Channels 7-30.. DDC Terminal Block Assignment (UGM2484L) 7-30.. DDC Layout and Wiring Diagram 7-31.. Typical Sensor Termination 7-32

. Common Types of Cables Used in Structured Cabling Systems 7-32.. UTP (Unshielded Twisted-Pair) Cables 7-33.. Coaxial Cable 7-36.. Fiber Optic Cable 7-36

Chapter-8 Data Communication and Networking.. Data Communication 8-1. Network 8-2. Topology 8-4_ .. Mesh topology 8-4

.. Star Topology 8-5_ .. Tree (Hierarchical) topology 8-6

.. Bus topology 8-7_ .. Ring topology 8-7

.. Hybrid Topologies 8-8. Transmission Mode 8-8_ .. Simplex 8-9

.. Half Duplex 8-9_ .. Full Duplex 8-9. Network (Categories of Network) 8-10_ .. Local Area Network (LAN) 8-10

.. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) 8-10_ .. Wide Area Network (WAN) 8-11. Open System Interconnection (OSI) Model 8-12


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VI

_ .. Organization of Layer 8-15_ .. Physical Layer (Layer 1) 8-16

.. Data Link Layer (Layer 2) 8-16_ .. Network Layer (Layer 3) 8-18

.. Transport Layer (Layer 4) 8-18

_ .. Session Layer (Layer 5) 8-19.. Presentation Layer (Layer 6) 8-19_ .. Application Layer (Layer 7) 8-20. Network Standards 8-20

.. Ethernet (IEEE 802.3) 8-20_ .. ARCNET 8-21

.. MS/TP (Master-Slave/Token-Passing) 8-21.. BACnet MS/TP (Master-Slave/Token-Passing) 8-22.. RS-485 8-22

.. Wireless 8-22

Chapter-9 BAS Network Integration. BAS Hardware Architecture 9-2_ .. Centralized BAS 9-3

.. Distributed BAS 9-4. Basic of Network Communication 9-5_ .. BUS 9-6

.. Interface 9-6_ .. Integrated Control System 9-6

.. Gateway 9-6.. Hub Repeater 9-7

_ .. Bridge 9-7.. Ethernet Switch 9-8

_ .. Router 9-8.. Communications Networks 9-9

.

Communication Protocol 9-12

_ .. Standard Protocol 9-14.. BACnet (Building Automation Control Networking) Protocol 9-14

_ .. LonTalk 9-23.. Modbus Protocol 9-25.. European Installation Bus (EIB) 9-27

_ .. Proprietary Protocol 9-28. Low Level Interfacing and High Level Interfacing 9-28_ .. Hard Wired Integration or Low Level Interfacing 9-28

.. High Level Interfacing 9-29. Integration 9-33_ .. BAS Security System Integrate 9-33


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VII

.. BAS Fire Alarm System Integrate 9-33. Security in Networked Building Automation Systems 9-34

Chapter-10 Alarm Processing. Alarm 10-2

. Alarm 10-2. Alarm Management 10-4

_ .. Analog Alarm Point 10-4.. Binary Data Object and Binary Input Object (BI) Alarm 10-8

. Analog Input Alarm 10-9. Digital Input Alarm 10-10. Nuisance Alarm False Alarm 10-10

Chapter-11 BAS Software. BAS Software Structure 11-1

_ .. Operating System (Lowest Level) 11-2.. Utility Software 11-2.. Application Program Software (Highest Level) 11-2

. BAS Software Design Concept 11-3_ .. DDC Software 11-3

.. DDC Firmware 11-3_ .. DDC Database 11-3

.. DDC Database Configuration 11-4. DDC Software Programming 11-4

_ .. Text-based programming 11-4.. Graphical Programming Language (GPL) 11-6.. Ladder-logic 11-8.. Specific Programming System Features and Parameters 11-11

. Logic Concept 11-12_ .. Binary Concept 11-12

.. Logic Function 11-12_ ..AND Fto 11-13

..OR Fto 11-13_ ..NOT fto 11-14

.. NAND Gate 11-15. Review Questions 11-15

Chapter-12 Integrated Building Management System (IBMS). Introduction 12-1

. Energy Management Function 12-5. System Configuration 12-6. Energy Management and Operation 12-7


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VIII

. System Integration 12-7. Integrated Facilities Management 12-8. Visitor Service 12-8. Facility Management System 12-9

.. Facility Booking 12-9

Chapter - 13 Control Strategies. Starting Sequence and Shutdown Sequece of Chilled Water Plant 13-1

.. Starting Sequence of Chilled Water Plant 13-2.. Shutdown Sequece of Chiller Plant Room 13-4

. Typical chiller sequencing strategies 13-4.. Chiller Sequencing for Systems with only Primary Pumping 13-4.. Chiller Sequencing for Systems with only Primary Pumping 13-5.. Cooling load Chilled Water Temperature Motor Loading 13-6

.. Strategy for Chiller Sequencing for Systems with Primary-Secondary Pumping 13-7.. Strategy for Chiller Sequencing for Variable Flow Systems 13-8

. Chilled Water Plant Sequencing and Automation () 13-9. Chillerd Water Plant Optimization Strategies 13-15

.. Fixed start/stop Vs Optimal start/stop 13-15.. Leaving Chilled Water Set point with Constant Primary Flow 13-16.. atr Rst 13-16

. Boiler Controls 13-19. Water Pump Controls 13-20. AHU Controls 13-21

.. Constant Air Volume(CAV) AHU 13-21.. Variable Air Volume (VAV) AHU 13-21.. VAV Box Control 13-23

. Fan Coil Unit (FCU) Controls 13-24. Ventilation Fan Controls 13-25

.. Ventilation Fan Control by Carbon Monoxide 13-25.. Ventilation Fan Control by CO2 13-26

.. Ventilation Fan Control by Temperature 13-27.. Staricar Pressurization Fan 13-27. Lighting Control 13-28

.. Fixed Power Reduction 13-29.. Occupancy-Based Time-of-Day and On/Off Control 13-29.. Daylight Harvesting 13-30.. Demand Limiting 13-30.. Lighting Control Systems - Energy management for lighting systems 13-30

. Selection of Controls for Mechanical Ventilation Systems 13-32

building automation system by kaung htat nyunt

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