Stockholm, 29th of August of 2012

Building capacity of local governments for scaling of rural sanitation and hygiene

Sustainable Sanitation and Hygiene for All

What do we need to achieve in terms of capacity?

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1. Sanitation demand creation

•Steer and implement sanitation demand creation

2. Market-based sanitation supply chains

•To stimulate and develop market-based solutions for a variety of consumer needs and preferences in place

3. Behavioural change communication

•Capacity for long term hygiene behavioural change communication locally

4. WASH Governance

•Mainstreaming in local planning, budgeting, pro-poor support

•Certification, standards, enforcement

5. Learning and sharing

• Practice of collaboration and learning, practice of local learning and performance monitoring

Scaling, an elastic concept

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Thinking at scale

Proof of concept: Accelerated government-led progress is possible

Nation-wide

Strategic choice of geographical scope

• Area wide versus target villages

• Right scale for synergies with market and governance activities

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• Engaging

different

administrative

levels

• Making

progress visible

Political buy-in, commitment, leadership

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Regional joint commitment

District joint commitment

Village joint commitment

Market based solutions for sanitation hardware and services

• Local alignment and ring

fencing

• Understanding principles of

market-based solutions

• Consumer aspirations

• Simply products and buying

processes

• Increase outreach and information

Timing, so obvious, so often forgotten…

• Accessibility for

supply of hardware

and services

• Festivals

• Agricultural

calendar

• Seasonal migration

• Government

planning cycle 8

Capacity for scaling

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1. Sanitation demand creation

•Steer and implement sanitation demand creation at scale and with quality

2. Market-based sanitation supply chains

•To stimulate and develop market-based solutions for a variety of consumer needs and preferences in place

3. Behavioural change communication

•Capacity for long term hygiene behavioural change communication locally and nationally

4. WASH Governance

•Mainstreaming in local planning, budgeting, pro-poor support

•Certification, standards, enforcement

5. Learning and sharing

• Practice of national collaboration and learning, practice of local learning and performance monitoring

Example Bhutan (per gewog – sub district)

57% 23%

8%

12%

Costs

89%

7%

2% 2%

Time

Sanitation demand creation

Supply chains

BCC

Governance

Outreach and funding, different strategies

In-house roll-out

Strategic partnership

Multi-sector alliance

“Social movement”

More control Less control

Nepal, Ethiopia

Kenya, Vietnam

Bhutan, (Cambodia)

(Laos)

Quality of facilitation and monitoring should go hand in hand

• Cascading ToT’s are a risk and not sufficient to ensure quality.

• On-the-job coaching and regular reflection is needed to learn

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Triggering, follow up visits and ODF Claims in Siaya district

respond to different

situations in villages.

• Certification?

• The type of support to

facilitators changes over

time.

Reaching 100% behaviour change is not a linear process

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Innovators Early majority Early adopters

“opinion leaders” Lagging behind Late majority

• Careful phasing

• Different approaches for majority than opinion leaders

• To reach full coverage specific attention is needed to

understand who is lagging behind and why

Process of scaling in districts and sub districts

The basis

•Formative research

•Supply chain analisis

•Sensitization and commitment of leaders

Early adopting villages and

sub-districts

•Demand creation

•Fine tuning supply chain

•Developing BCC

•Working with post-ODF plans

Early majority

•Mass demand creation

•Large scale communication

•Scaling supply chains & finance

•Good on-the-job support

•Engage outstanding leaders from early adopting villages

Late majority

•Same processes, less intensive support

• Those lagging behind

•Specific research

•Support mechanisms and proper enforcement

Way forward: sustaining improved sanitation

• “Post-ODF” / “Post-Improved san” hygiene action plans

• Appropriate local legislation

• Safe disposal, re-use of human waste

• It is not going to be a social movement forever.

• FROM ACCELERATING COVERAGE TO PROFESSIONALISING

PUBLIC HEALTH IN RURAL AREAS

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Final reflections

• A district wide approach, broad commitment, leadership

and aiming at improved sanitation are essential for proof

of concept that accelerated change is possible

• Outreach strategies, monitoring for learning, appropriate

phasing and post-target strategies are need for

sustainability and scaling.

• We need to learn more, and more systematically about

the dynamics and challenges at local level involved in

scaling

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Thank you

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