building green the next time around - university of …...ansi/asa s12.60-2002 -35 dba classrooms...
TRANSCRIPT
Raymond JohnsonRaymond Johnson PE, LEED AP
Building GreenBuilding Green
The Next Time The Next Time AroundAround
RADNOR TOWNSHIP SCHOOL DISTRICTRADNOR TOWNSHIP SCHOOL DISTRICT
Our Introduction to Green BuildingsOur Introduction to Green Buildings
ResearchResearchOrientation of Building Windows and DoorsLow VOC ProductsFlooring SystemsAcoustical ConsiderationsStormwater ManagementTraffic FlowIndoor Air QualityLife Cycle Costing Luminaires & Lamps And More…
• EXHAUST YOURSELF IN RESEARCH• ENGAGE KNOWLEDGEABLE DESIGN TEAM• USE LEED AS A BAROMETER• LISTEN TO AND INVOLVE CONSTITUENTS• EDUCATE SCHOOL BOARD AND COMMUNITY
LEADERS
Radnor Elementary SchoolRadnor Elementary School
…The Next Time Around
……LESSONS LEARNEDLESSONS LEARNED
What is LEED?What is LEED?LEED which stands for Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, is a voluntary national standard for developing high-performance sustainable buildings.
The system was developed by the U.S Green Building Council, a building industry coalition, to define common metrics for “green building”.
LEED Rating System is a point based rating system that awards points in the following categories:
Sustainable SitesWater EfficiencyEnergy & AtmosphereMaterials and ResourcesIndoor Environmental QualityInnovation & Design Process
LEED Certification LevelsLEED Certification Levels
LEVELLEVEL POINTSPOINTS
CertifiedCertified 2626--3232SilverSilver 3333--3838GoldGold 3939--5151PlatinumPlatinum 5252--6969
•Started at 41 points in Schematic Design
•Currently at 35 points in Final Design
•Possible additional 9 points
Radnor Middle School LEED StatusRadnor Middle School LEED Status
Credit Category Total LEED Points
Total RMS Points
Points in Question
Sustainable Sites 14 6 1Water Efficiency 5 2 1Energy & Atmosphere 17 8 0Materials & Resources 13 6 1Indoor Environmental Quality 15 12 3Innovation in Design 5 1 3
Totals 69 35 9
RMS currently on track for Silver Certification Level
LEED PROCESSLEED PROCESS
CharetteCharettePreliminary designPreliminary designCost estimateCost estimateCost / Benefit Cost / Benefit
ReviewReviewImplementationImplementationDocumentationDocumentation
Possible Points 69
4 4 5 Possible Points 13Y ? N
Y Prereq 1 01 Credit 1.1 11 Credit 1.2 11 Credit 1.3 1
1 Credit 2.1 11 Credit 2.2 1
1 Credit 3.1 11 Credit 3.2 1
1 Credit 4.1 11 Credit 4.2 11 Credit 5.1 1
1 Credit 5.2 11 Credit 6 11 Credit 7 1
13 2 0 Possible Points 15Y ? N
Y Prereq 1 0Y Prereq 2 01 Credit 1 11 Credit 2 11 Credit 3.1 1
1 Credit 3.2 11 Credit 4.1 11 Credit 4.2 11 Credit 4.3 11 Credit 4.4 11 Credit 5 11 Credit 6.1 11 Credit 6.2 1
1 Credit 7.1 11 Credit 7.2 11 Credit 8.1 11 Credit 8.2 1
3 2 0 Possible Points 5Y ? N
1 Credit 1.1 11 Credit 1.2 1
1 Credit 1.3 11 Credit 1.4 1
1 Credit 2 1LEED™ Accredited Professional
Innovation in Design: B lended Cement
Innovation in Design: Education/curriculum
Innovation in Design: Green Building Demonstration
Innovation in Design: Exceedance
Innovation & Design Process
Daylight & Views , Daylight 75% of Spaces
Daylight & Views , Views for 90% of Spaces
Thermal Comfort, Comply with ASHRAE 55-1992
Thermal Comfort, Permanent M onitoring System
Controllability of Systems , Perimeter
Controllability of Systems , Non-Perimeter
Low-Emitting Materials , Carpet
Low-Emitting Materials , Composite Wood
Indoor Chemical & Pollutant Source Control
Construction IAQ Management Plan, Before Occupancy
Low-Emitting Materials , Adhesives & Sealants
Low-Emitting Materials , Paints
Increase Ventilation EffectivenessConstruction IAQ Management Plan, During Construction
Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) ControlCarbon Dioxide (CO2) Monitoring
Indoor Environmental Quality
Minimum IAQ Performance
Rapidly Renewable MaterialsCertified Wood
Local/Regional Materials , 20% M anufactured Locally
Local/Regional Materials , o f 20% Above, 50% Harvested Locally
Recycled Content, Specify 25%
Recycled Content, Specify 50%
Resource Reuse , Specify 5%
Resource Reuse , Specify 10%
Construction Waste Management, Divert 50%
Construction Waste Management, Divert 75%
Building Reuse , M aintain 100% of Existing Shell
Building Reuse , M aintain 100% Shell & 50% Non-Shell
Storage & Collection of RecyclablesBuilding Reuse , M aintain 75% of Existing Shell
um 52 or more pointsMaterials & Resources
47 10 12
10 0 4 Possible Points 14Y ? N
Y Prereq 1 Erosion & Sedimentation Control 01 Credit 1 1
1 Credit 2 11 Credit 3 11 Credit 4.1 11 Credit 4.2 1
1 Credit 4.3 11 Credit 4.4 1
1 Credit 5.1 11 Credit 5.2 1
1 Credit 6.1 11 Credit 6.2 11 Credit 7.1 11 Credit 7.2 11 Credit 8 1
3 1 1 Possible Points 5Y ? N
1 Credit 1.1 11 Credit 1.2 1
1 Credit 2 11 Credit 3.1 1
1 Credit 3.2 1
14 1 2 Possible Points 17Y ? N
Y Prereq 1 0Y Prereq 2 0Y Prereq 3 02 Credit 1.1 22 Credit 1.2 22 Credit 1.3 22 Credit 1.4 22 Credit 1.5 21 Credit 2.1 11 Credit 2.2 11 Credit 2.3 1
1 Credit 3 11 Credit 4 1
1 Credit 5 11 Credit 6 1
Measurem ent & VerificationGreen Pow er
Additional Com m issioningOzone Depletion
Renew able Energy, 5%
Renew able Energy, 10%
Renew able Energy, 20%
Optim ize Energy Performance , 50% New / 40% Existing
Optim ize Energy Performance , 60% New / 50% Existing
Optim ize Energy Performance , 30% New / 20% Existing
Optim ize Energy Performance , 40% New / 30% Existing
CFC Reduction in HVAC&R EquipmentOptim ize Energy Performance , 20% New / 10% Existing
Fundam ental Building Systems Com missioningMinim um Energy Performance
Water Use Reduction, 30% Reduction
Energy & Atmosphere
Innovative Wastew ater TechnologiesWater Use Reduction, 20% Reduction
Water Efficient Landscaping, Reduce by 50%
Water Efficient Landscaping, No P o table Use o r No Irrigation
Light Pollution Reduction
Water Efficiency
Landscape & Exterior Design to Reduce Heat Islands , Non-Roo f
Landscape & Exterior Design to Reduce Heat Islands , Roo f
Storm w ater Managem ent, Rate and Quantity
Storm w ater Managem ent, Treatment
Reduced Site Disturbance , P ro tect o r Resto re Open Space
Reduced Site Disturbance , Development Foo tprint
Alternative Transportation, A lternative Fuel Refueling Stations
Alternative Transportation, Parking Capacity
Alternative Transportation, Public Transportation Access
Alternative Transportation, B icycle Sto rage & Changing Rooms
Urban Redevelopm entBrow nfield Redevelopm ent
Site Selection
Total Project ScoreCertified 26 to 32 points Silver 33 to 38 points Gold 39 to 51 points PlatinumSustainable Sites
Five Key Areas of ConcernFive Key Areas of Concern
Building Envelope DesignBuilding Envelope DesignThermal ComfortThermal ComfortIndoor Air QualityIndoor Air QualityLightingLightingAcousticsAcoustics
Exterior Wall DetailExterior Wall Detail
R-Values:
Exterior Air Film 0.174” Brick, 72% solid 1.191.75 inch air space 0.973” Insulation 12.008” Block withKorfilIn-core Insulation 2.86Interior Air Film 0.68
Total R-Value 17.87
R-value of exterior wall required by ASHRAE 90.1 -1999 13.0
Radnor Roof PlanRadnor Roof Plan
Area Percentages of Systems:
High Emissivity Asphalt Shingles 34%Vegetated Roof 20%SBS Modified Roof System(with no high emissivity coating) 46%
Total High Emissivity Roof 54%
Indoor Air Quality at RMSIndoor Air Quality at RMS
Indoor Air Quality management plansConstruction and post-construction
Thermal comfort and air exchange will meet, or exceed, the ASHRAE standards.Materials containing low to no volatile organic compounds (VOC’s)
Reduce/eliminate off-gassingIncreased ventilation at key rooms (copy areas, etc.)Individual control of environment
Operable windows and thermostat control
Lighting at RMSLighting at RMSClassroom wing oriented East-West
Classrooms face North-South, maximizing natural light
Daylight modeling by consultantBoth North and South facing classrooms
Window glazing willMaximize natural light penetrationMinimize heat gain from the sun
Illumination can be controlled by teacher
Maximizes natural light penetrating classroomSaves electricity
Bulbs will provide full spectrum light
Closer to natural light
Radnor Windows:Radnor Windows:Lighting & Building EnvelopeLighting & Building Envelope
Argon Gas Filled Insulated Units
Values:
Visible Light Transmittance 72%Winter Nighttime U-Factor 0.29Summer Daytime U-Factor 0.29Solar Heat Gain Coefficient 0.41
Low-E Coating on Second Surface
Acoustics at RMSAcoustics at RMSAcoustics at Radnor Elementary independently tested by project team
Acoustics at RMS will meet and exceedWill comply with the American Disabilities Act
ANSI/ASA S12.60-2002 -35 dBAClassrooms acoustically modeled by consultantClassroom finishes will enhance acoustics
Carpet eliminates scraping noise of chairs on vct flooringCeiling tile will have high noise reduction coefficient (NRC) rating
HVAC noise will be minimalHeat pump closets will be lined with acoustical insulationDucts will be lined where necessary to eliminate noise
Pass through noise between rooms will be minimalWall materials will have sufficient to superior NRC ratings
ObjectivesObjectivesMaximize Life Cycle Value Maximize Life Cycle Value Reduce Energy CostsReduce Energy Costs
ASHRAE 90.1 is the minimum standardASHRAE 90.1 is the minimum standardReact to utility ratesReact to utility rates
Reduce Maintenance CostsReduce Maintenance CostsEvaluate during design phaseEvaluate during design phaseSimplify equipment and systemSimplify equipment and system
U.S. Department of Energy-Building Life Cycle CostingU.S. Department of EnergyU.S. Department of Energy--Building Life Cycle CostingBuilding Life Cycle Costing
“Building Energy Technology” 1990
%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Design Maintenance Construction Utilities
Energy Savings Energy Savings AlternativesAlternatives
Lighting Lighting High Efficiency lampsHigh Efficiency lampsDimmingDimming and Occupancy and Occupancy sensorssensors
Central PlantCentral PlantModular Boilers (90%+)Modular Boilers (90%+)Variable Frequency Drive Variable Frequency Drive ChillersChillers
Energy Recovery UnitsEnergy Recovery UnitsVariable Speed DrivesVariable Speed Drives
All pumping over 10hpAll pumping over 10hpBuilding Management SystemBuilding Management System
• HVACHVAC••Displacement VentilationDisplacement Ventilation••Raised Floor DistributionRaised Floor Distribution••Thermal MassThermal Mass
••Electrical EnergyElectrical Energy••On Site Generation On Site Generation ••Combined Heat & PowerCombined Heat & Power••Emergency Generation Peak ShavingEmergency Generation Peak Shaving
NEW TECHNOLOGIESNEW TECHNOLOGIESFOR FOR
PUBLIC SCHOOLSPUBLIC SCHOOLS
ACOUSTICSGoal: 35DBA or less (ANSI S12.60)Use Elementary School as baseline
VENTILATION (Outdoor Air)15 CFM per personHigh efficiency air filters on intakesHeat recovery – extracts energy from exhaust airDehumidificationVentilation system independent from heat pump system
Design Considerations Design Considerations For ClassroomsFor Classrooms
HVAC SystemsHVAC SystemsHEAT PUMPS
Process heating / cooling load for roomIndividual thermostatic controlLocated in accessible closet
CARBON DIOXIDE SENSORSMonitors levels in each classroomSends alarm if setpoint is exceeded
OCCUPIED / UNOCCUPIED MODEVentilation system shuts down when school is unoccupiedRoom temperatures set back when unoccupiedMorning warm-up (Usually 1 hr before occupancy)
HVAC SystemsHVAC Systems•• Geothermal heat Geothermal heat
pumps pumps •• WSHP Boiler/TowerWSHP Boiler/Tower•• Chiller/Boiler/Tower Chiller/Boiler/Tower
(4pipe)(4pipe)•• Rooftop/DX/Gas Rooftop/DX/Gas
HeatHeat
LIFE CYCLE COMPARISONLIFE CYCLE COMPARISON30 YEARS30 YEARS
SystemSystemNew New installationsinstallations
Net PresentNet PresentValue CostValue Cost
First First CostCost
Energy Energy CostCost
MaintMaint..CostCost
UsefulUsefulLifeLife
GeothermalGeothermalHPHP
Best Highest Lowest Lowest Best
WSHPWSHPBoiler/TowerBoiler/Tower
2nd Best 2nd lowest 2nd
Lowest2nd
Lowest3rd
Best
4 PIPE4 PIPE 3rd Best Highest 3rd
LowestHighest 2nd
Best
ROOFTOPROOFTOPDX/GAS HEATDX/GAS HEAT
Worst Lowest Highest 3rd Lowest Worst
Typical Classroom Neptune Community School
Displacement Ventilation
Geothermal
Heat Pump
w/ Hot Gas
Reheat –
Humidity &
Temperature
control
H
H
T
SoundSound--ProofProofLiningLining
HEAT PUMPHEAT PUMP
ONE PER ONE PER CLASSROOMCLASSROOM
OLD DESIGNOLD DESIGN
Unit VentilatorUnit Ventilator
Public Schools andPublic Schools andGeothermal HVACGeothermal HVAC
Lowest Life Cycle Lowest Life Cycle cost cost Systems operating Systems operating since 1940since 1940’’ssReduced Reduced Mechanical Room Mechanical Room spacespaceSite limitationsSite limitations
DIRECT / INDIRECT LIGHTING FIXTURESUses ceiling as reflectorEliminates glare
MULTIPLE FIXTURE SWITCHINGAllows teacher to control and adjust light levels
OCCUPANCY SENSORSShuts down lighting in unoccupied spaces
DAYLIGHTING CONTROLSTaking advantage of natural sunlight by reducing electric lighting levels via dimming ballast or switching arrangements.
Design Considerations Design Considerations For ClassroomsFor Classrooms
Lighting SystemsLighting Systems
Electrical EnergyElectrical Energy.86 WATTS/SF.86 WATTS/SF FOR CLASSROOMSFOR CLASSROOMS1.0 WATT/SF OVERALL BLDG.1.0 WATT/SF OVERALL BLDG.
Behavioral And PerformanceBehavioral And PerformanceHESCHONG MAHONE STUDY FOR HESCHONG MAHONE STUDY FOR PG&EPG&E
MaintenanceMaintenanceONLY 3 LAMP TYPES TO STOCK ONLY 3 LAMP TYPES TO STOCK FOR ENTIRE BLDG.FOR ENTIRE BLDG.
Lighting SystemsLighting Systems
Value of Quality LightingValue of Quality LightingCREATE BALANCED BRIGHTNESS•Light levels throughout the classroom should not differ greatly from the light level on the desks.•Large variations in brightness will cause distraction and fatigue
DAYLIGHTINGDAYLIGHTING•Students with daylight in their classrooms perform 20% to 25% better on reading and math tests •Students in classrooms with larger window areas progress up to 20% faster than their counterparts in rooms with smaller window areas.
Reference: www.h-m-g.com for the study
..
“K-RATED” TRANSFORMERSClean power for computers, electronic equipment
PHASE LOSS PROTECTIONCuts power if Utility loses phaseSends alarm to BMSPrevents 3-phase electric equipment from meltdown
PREMIUM EFFICIENCY MOTORSHighest efficiency for all electric motors
“GREEN” REFRIGERANTOzone friendly refrigerants in all HVAC equipment
NON-FIBERGLASS INSULATIONClosed cell foam pipe insulation“Reflectix” foil backed duct insulation
ELECTRIC METER RECORDINGReal time energy usage dataTrending – track daily/weekly/monthly usageActual peak demand data
BUILDING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (BMS)Tied to central computer – can communicate with other facilities’BMS systemsSchedules occupied/unoccupied modes, temperaturesTracks equipment data, room dataRemote access through internetSends alarmsExpandable
Additional FeaturesAdditional Features
WATER CONSERVATIONWATER CONSERVATIONWaterless urinals
300,000 gallons saved
Metering faucets 100,000 gallons saved
Rainwater CollectionNo Cooling Tower
300,000 gallons saved
Middle School Cost AnalysisMiddle School Cost Analysis
Bids received $40,686,060 TotalBuilding size is approximately 195,000 square feet. Building cost is about $209 per square foot.
Why Design to Why Design to
Green Building StandardsGreen Building Standards
Utility Rebates for Energy EfficiencyImprovement in Student PerformanceReduced Operating CostsHealthier BuildingsBetter Daily AttendanceReduced Liability ExposureEnhanced Indoor/Outdoor Environmental ImpactIncorporates Best Building Technologies
Full Commissioning Independent Life Cycle AnalysisThorough operator trainingOngoing verification of operability and efficiencyOperations data sharing and analysis Avoid proprietary systems
RecommendationsRecommendations