building kb’s by assembling components bruce porter (ut austin) peter clark (boeing)
TRANSCRIPT
Building KB’s by Assembling Components
Bruce Porter (UT Austin)Peter Clark (Boeing)
The Problem
• Representations are complex to build from scratch
– SMEs not able to encode knowledge directly
• But:
– representations contain repeated abstractions• production occurs in photosynthesis, mitosis, growth
• germination includes conversion, production, expansion
Building Representations from Reusable Components
• KBs can be constructed easily by connecting pre-built, intermediate-level representations (components)
• Knowledge engineers build a component library containing high-level and mid-level core concepts.
• SME’s build knowledge bases by instantiating and assembling the components.
Hypothesis:
Approach:
Example: Representation of Virus Attack
Arrive
Cell
Penetrate Enter Uncoat Exit
Virus Attack
Attach
MembraneCytoplasm
Lysosome
Acid
Virus DNA
agent
agent
agent
location
agent
patient
patientpatient
patient
parts
contains
contains
contains
contains
then then then then then
subevents
parts
patient
• Are there identifiable components in here?• How can we encode them?• How can an SME use them to build representations
such as this one?
subevents
Arrive
Cell
Penetrate Enter Uncoat Exit
Virus Attack
Attach
MembraneCytoplasm
Lysosome
Acid
Virus DNA
agent
agent
agent
location
agent
patient
patientpatient
patient
parts
contains
contains
contains
contains
then then then then then
subevents
parts
Arrive
Object
Break Enter
InvadeBarrier Agent
agent
attackerdefender
then then
defense
location agent
patientagent
agent
patient
One component...
Arrive
Cell
Penetrate Enter Uncoat Exit
Virus Attack
Attach
MembraneCytoplasm
Lysosome
Acid
Virus DNA
agent
agent
agent
location
agent
patient
patientpatient
patient
parts
contains
contains
contains
contains
then then then then then
subevents
parts
patient
Agent Object
Release
Deliver
Convey
Agentrecipient
patientagent
then
Move
Container contains
Move….
instrument
subevents
Another component...
Arrive
Cell
Penetrate Enter Uncoat Exit
Virus Attack
Attach
MembraneCytoplasm
Lysosome
Acid
DNA
agent
agent
agent
location
agent
patient
patientpatient
patient
parts
contains
contains
contains
contains
then then then then then
subevents
parts
patient
Open Exit
Container Object
Releaseagent
then
subevents
patient
patient
contains
Virus
Another component...
Encoding Components
• Move = event that changes the location of a TangibleThing• Convey = Move of a Container and its contents
(every Convey has (patient ((a Container))) the Defining property (causes ((forall (the contains of (the patient of Self)) (a Move with (patient ((It))) (source ((the source of Self))) (destination ((the destination of Self))) (concurrent-with ((Self))) )))))
Move = event that changes the location of a TangibleThing Convey = Move of a Container and its contents Release = Undo of a Hold Deliver = Convey then Release
(every Deliver has (agent ((a Container))) (patient ((a TangibleThing))) (subevents ((a Convey with (agent ((the agent of Self))) (patient ((the patient of Self))) (nextEvent ((the Release subevents of Self)))) (a Release with (agent ((the agent of Self))) (patient ((the patient of Self)))))))
Encoding Components
Move = event that changes the location of a TangibleThing Convey = Move of a Container and its contents Release = Undo of a Hold Deliver = Convey then Release Container = Barrier that separates two Space’s, inside and outside
Enter = Move into a Container through a Portal
(Enter has (superclasses (Move))(every Enter has (beneficiary ((a Container))) (source ((the outside of (the beneficiary of Self))) (destination ((the inside of (the beneficiary of Self))) (through ((oneof (the portal of (the beneficiary of Self))))))
Encoding Components
SME Using Components:1. Specializing a single component
• Vascular Tissue = {as a type of conduit}the conduit in transportation of water from
the root system to the shoot system of a plant
• Endocytosis = {as a type of take in}the process by which a cell takes in
particles from outside the cell.
Photosynthesis = production of glucose from CO2 and water
+conversion of energy from sunlight to
chemical bonds
SME Using Components:2. Combining several components
• Now we’re going to show how the SME might build the earlier Virus Attack concept using components
• This is kind-of a reverse of the abstraction process illustrated earlier
• This is *not* the user interface, it just illustrates the operations.
SME Using Components: Example[This slide to be heard, not seen]
The knowledge which the SME wants to encode:
SME Using Components: Example
“During a virus attack, a virus invades a cell.”“The virus delivers its DNA into the cell.”
1. Name the new concept
Virus Attack
SME Using Components: Example
2. Locate “Invade”, “Cell”, and “Virus” in the library
Arrive
Object
Break Enter
InvadeBarrier Agent
agent
attackerdefender
then then
subevents
defense
location agent
patientagent
agent
Cell
MembraneCytoplasm
Lysosome
Acid
parts
contains
contains
contains
partsVirus DNA
containsVirus Attack
SME Using Components: Example
Arrive
Object
Break Enter
InvadeBarrier Agent
agent
attackerdefender
then then
subevents
defense
location agent
patientagent
agent
Cell
MembraneCytoplasm
Lysosome
Acid
parts
contains
contains
contains
partsVirus DNA
contains
3. Relate Cell and Virus to their roles in Invade
Virus Attack
SME Using Components: Example
4. System combines the components
Arrive Break Enter
Virus Attack
agent
attackerdefender
then then
subeventslocation agent
patientagent
agent
Cell
MembraneCytoplasm
Lysosome
Acid
parts
contains
contains
contains
parts
DNAcontains
Virus
Arrive Break Enter
Virus Attack
agent
attackerdefender
then then
subeventslocation agent
patientagent
agent
Cell
MembraneCytoplasm
Lysosome
Acid
parts
contains
contains
contains
parts
5. SME locates another component, “Deliver”, in the library
DNAcontains
Virus
Agent Object
Release
Deliver
Convey
Agent recipient patientagent
subevents
then
Move
Container contains
Move….
instrument
patient
Arrive Break Enter
agent
attackerdefender
then then
subeventslocation
patientagent
agent
Cell
MembraneCytoplasm
Lysosome
Acid
parts
contains
contains
contains
parts
DNAcontains
Virus
Agent Object
Release
Deliver
Convey
Agent recipient patientagent
subevents
then
Move
Container
Move….
instrument
6. SME relates roles in Deliver to objects in Virus Attack
patient
Virus Attack
then
Cell
MembraneCytoplasm
Lysosome
Acid
parts
contains
contains
contains
parts
DNAcontains
Virus
Release
Arrive Break Enter
attackerdefender
then then
subevents
locationpatient
agent
Conveysubevents patient
Virus Attack
7. System combines the components
then
Cell
MembraneCytoplasm
Lysosome
Acid
parts
contains
contains
contains
parts
DNAcontains
Virus
Release
8. SME locates component for Release
Arrive Break Enter
attackerdefender
then then
subevents
locationpatient
agent
Conveysubevents patient
Open Exit
Container Object
Releaseagent
then
subevents
patient
patient
contains
Virus Attack
then
Cell
MembraneCytoplasm
Lysosome
Acid
parts
contains
contains
contains
parts
DNAcontains
Virus
Release
Arrive Break Enter
attackerdefender
then then
subevents
locationpatient
agent
Conveysubevents patient
Open Exit
agent
then
subeventspatient
Virus Attack
9. System combines the components
Summary
• KBs can be constructed easily by connecting pre-built, intermediate-level representations (components)
• Knowledge engineers will build a component library containing high-level and mid-level core concepts.
• SME’s will build knowledge bases by instantiating and assembling the components.