Building Methods and Construction Technology 2

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By the end of this lesson you will have developed a knowledge and understanding of:

the principles behind walls, floors, and roofs.

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Building design Allow natural light and ventilation.Allow people to work, live and play in them

safely without risk.Design (synthetic).Provide security for the occupants and the

materials contained within them.Provide shelter.Provide warmth.

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Substructure and superstructure

Elements of a structure below the damp proof course (DPC), including the ground floor and foundations are known as the ‘substructure’.

All the internal and external elements of a building above the substructure are referred to as the ‘superstructure’.

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Distribution of loads via superstructure

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Identifying various types of concrete foundation

There are several different types of concrete foundations commonly used in the construction industry. Each one is specifically engineered to support the dead load of the building, the type

of soil in the ground and any other forces imposed upon the building.

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Identifying various types of concrete foundation (continued)

Carpentry and Joinery Tutor Resource Stephen Jones

Floor construction The method of construction for a floor in a

building is normally determined by its position (lower or upper), the type of soil, site

conditions (flat/elevated) and the displacement of the load/weight. Weak or unsuitable

foundations and floors may lead to movement in the ground and potentially cause subsidence

or cracking.

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Floor construction (continued)

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Solid walls (without cavity)A fast, efficient method of building external walls. They have high ‘U’ values (thermal insulation) with the ability to retain heat in the winter months, and keep the building cool during warmer periods.

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Cavity wallsConsist of an inner and outer wall divided by a void – this is known as the ‘cavity’. The walls are usually constructed with either bricks and blocks, two skins of blocks with render applied, or another method of wall covering. Carpentry and Joinery Tutor Resource

Stephen Jones

Timber frameTraditional method with

heavy structural sections.

Modern timber frame buildings are normally constructed with timber internal frames clad with plywood to add strength and a single skin of external brick or blockwork supported with ‘wall ties’.

Carpentry and Joinery Tutor Resource Stephen Jones

Structural Insulated Panels (SIPs)

Developed in the late 1960s.

Panels are a sandwich of two layers of oriented strand board (OSB) either side of a thick polyurethane foam core.

Extremely rigid.

Capable of supporting structural loads.

Carpentry and Joinery Tutor Resource Stephen Jones

Energy loss

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Load and stress

Carpentry and Joinery Tutor Resource Stephen Jones