Building Resilient Communities: Risk Management and Response

to Natural Disasters through Social Funds and Community-

Driven Development OperationsWashington DC

Nov 19, 2009

• Ending poverty, restoring hope, securing the future

Vision

• Enhancing choices, increasing opportunities

• Improving quality of life• Empowering the disadvantaged,

especially women• Protecting the vulnerable &

marginalized

Mission

• Sponsored by GoP as – special purpose investment vehicle

• Financed by 6 multilateral, bilateral, international institutions

• Limited by Guarantee/ not for profit company

• Oversight by Board of Directors

• Commenced operations : April 2000

Institutional Framework

* World Bank, IFAD, USDA, USAid, Kfw, US Corporate Sector

Wholesaling financial and non-financial services to eligible civil society and private sector entities through:

• Debt financing for microcredit & enterprise development

• Grant financing for small scale water, infrastructure, housing, health, education, social safety nets and training and social mobilization

• Grant funding to support human and institutional capacity building for delivery of services

• Bed Rock: Mobilising communities to form their own institutions

Core Business

Outreach & Output

Outreach• 126 districts; 78 partners• 52,000 villages/ settlements• 152,000 community organizations • 19.3 million (credit) and 11.5 million (non-credit) beneficiaries

Output• Microcredit loans 3.22 million (46% female)• Water & Infrastructure projects 18,000 • Health facilities 57• Education facilities 151• Individuals trained 468,000• Housing units in earthquake areas 120,000

September 2009

Activity Disbursements Share (US$M)

Lending for Credit & Enterprise 56655%

Grant funding forWater & Infrastructure Projects 106Health and Education Projects 7

Relief/ Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Projects 270Community Trainings 11Social Mobilization 11

Sub Total 40540%

Cost of delivery/operational assistance 45 4.4%Capacity building / Training 7

0.6%

Total + + + = 1,023100%

Funding Outflows

A

B

C

D

A B C DFigures rounded off , cumulative September 30, 2009

Resource Deployment

95%

4.5%

<1%

Direct Services to the poor

Spending on Partner Organizations

PPAF expenses

Disasters Managed

• Slow-onset: – Drought

• Rapid-onset:– Cyclone and floods– Earthquake– Internal Displacement

Drought Mitigation and Preparedness

• A DMPP comprises number of sub-projects necessary to mitigate effects of an existing drought as well as preparing communities for future ones

• Donors: World Bank and United States Department for Agriculture (USDA)

Cyclone/ Flood

• Sindh Coastal Areas– World Bank Supported 343 sub-projects with

financial outlay of Rs. 165 m

Earthquake

• Relief Assistance:– 150,000 CGI sheets above snowline– 500 truckloads of relief goods– 50,000 liters water

• Reconstruction:– Increased CO membership from 1700 to 30,000– Community based rehabilitation for PWDs

• Relief Assistance:– 150,000 CGI sheets above snowline– 500 truckloads of relief goods– 50,000 liters water

• Reconstruction:– Increased CO membership from 1700 to 30,000– Community based rehabilitation for PWDs

Underlying Principles

• MIS– Operations and NOT MNEs– Update:

• Software [as and when policy changed]• Data update [Weekly]

• Keep the end in view (accountability: people tend to forget emergency)

• Remaining relevant: Weekly issues report• Vulnerable: special attention• Disbursement linked to data• Owner-driven/ In-situ construction

Damage Assessment

• Allocated 34 UCs (16 AJK and 18 NWFP)• Initial donor commitment for 34,000 housing units• First installment lists provided by 19 and 37 Divs• Door to door damage assessment (carpet coverage)

revealed 122,332 houses• Mandated to disburse housing cash grant in three

tranches (US $ 1200, 415, 830) for mobilisation, compliant plinth and compliant roof band, based on inspections

Implementation Structure

• 6 Pos (3 in each region)• 101 Social Mobilisation (SM) Teams

– Each team comprised 1 Civil Engineer, 1 Social Organiser (Male) and 1 Social Organsier (Female: in 60% SMTs) [SOs are Masters degree holder]

• 11 Supervisory Structures – 1 Team Leader (mostly civil engineers)– 1 Field Engineer (civil engineers)– 2 Social Organisers– 1 Accountant

Monitoring and Controls

• Started Designing M&E System on Dec 5, 2005• MIS (contains 6 Pics, 3 GPS readings)• Updated every week and 100% data entered

(acceptance of forms subject to soft copies)• 10% stratified sample as pre-disbursement ground

verification

DA forms with Updated MIS from POs to PPAF RCO

Yes

MIS Complete?

No

A-1

X-2

X-2

General Checking

Trigger complete cases for disbursements

Check and Send Advice Note to PO for Disbursements

Categorize as G-I, II or III

A-1

Withhold

A-1

Return to PO

End

A-1

N-1

Doubts

T-1

T-5Field Inv

Clear K-7

T-5

T-5

T-1

K-7

N-1

Tally with Army List

Tallied?N

Y

S. No on DAF? A-1

Columns filled?

Docs complete?

Duplicate Cases?N

N

N

N

N

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

2nd Installment Payment Process

Select 10% Sample

90% + compliance

?

Carryout physical revf.

75% to

89%?

Process for Disbursement

50% to

74%?

Increase sample to 25%

Increase sample to 50%

Provide Guidance on Compliance

Check 100%

Send clear cases to A-1Return Form to

POs

N

N

N

N N NY

Y

Y Y YA-1

Receive Forms from POs

Form Complet

e?

Database

Complete?

Pic and

GPS?

Construction Quality Monitoring

Implementation Methodology

• Every team equipped with a GPS, laptop and a digital camera

• Teams directed to stay in village unless they completed DA

• Principles: – Discipline– Standardization– No Discretion (follow rules and regulations laid down by ERRA)

• 32 Standardised Training facilities established for using winters

Vulnerable

• Seven categories– Widows having no male child over the age of 18 – Women with disabled husbands– Divorced / abandoned women / unmarried women

who have crossed marriageable age and dependent on others

– Persons With Disabilities (physically or mentally)– Unaccompanied minors i.e. orphans– Unaccompanied elders, over the age of 60– Landless due to land sliding / red zones / fault line area

Community Involvement

• Identification during DA• CAP for vulnerable• Weekly reporting• CO formation (membership increased from 17,00

to 30,000)• Training and awareness by CO• Collective procurement resulting cost saving up to

21%• COs providing TA at community level

Lessons/ may be questions?

• Take your F&A and Proc persons to field visits• Nature’s process is evolution; go back to basics

(conventional wisdom)• Do not try to control market mechanisms• Best relief is ‘relief from relief’ ASAP; pl do not

create dependencies• Life will never be to pre-disaster level; either it

will be good or bad

• EEE• Law is will of the people• Best people to enforce are the people themselves may be

through local governments:– But local governments do not have capacities– We look at political side (it changes)– Official side (it is forgotten but it ensures continuity)

• CB: Physical Resources, Systems, Human willingness to implement, Institutional value system

Lessons/ may be questions?