building scientific and technical capacity in developing ... · example project 1: iraq (completed)...
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Building Scientific and Technical Capacity in Developing Countries to
Support Disaster Risk Reduction
Tuna Onur1 and Rengin Gök2 1Onur Seemann Consulting, Inc.
2Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344.
This is LLNL-PRES-730118
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Earthquake Resilience: From Science to Policy
Big Gaps in Each of These in Developing Countries
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Seismic Cooperation Program (SCP)
• Seismic Cooperation Program of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL)
• Long-Term Support for Local Seismologists and Engineers (Middle East, Central Asia, Caucasus)
• All Elements of Building Code Development
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Capacity Building
Education & Training Equipment & Instrumentation
Measurements & Data Science & Engineering
Probabilistic Hazard Engineering Design & Analyses
Disaster Risk Research
Codes & Regulations
Construction Codes Earthquake Design Loads Building Code Compliance
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Building Code Development – Challenges
Developing Countries
Coordination • Government • Private Sector
Modernization • Science and research • Code updates
Enforcement • Responsibility • Consequences
Developed Countries
Overarching Policy • Consistency among
construction codes Expectations
• Code developers • Public
Performance-based codes • Explicit criteria
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Developing Countries
Coordination • Government • Private Sector
Modernization • Science and research • Code updates
Enforcement • Responsibility • Consequences
Developed Countries
Overarching Policy • Consistency among
construction codes Expectations
• Code developers • Public
Performance-based codes • Explicit criteria
Building Code Development – Challenges
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Coordination of Building Codes
Building codes are typically developed at the national level but enforced at the local level.
• Formal process – Broad-based code committee (national and local
governments, researchers, practicing engineers, ...)
– Clear performance goals for the code; tied to public-safety policy
– Development lifecycle and public review process
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Earthquake Resilience: From Science to Policy
Big Gaps in Each of These in Developing Countries
![Page 9: Building Scientific and Technical Capacity in Developing ... · Example Project 1: Iraq (Completed) •Probabilistic seismic hazard studies conducted over a three-year period •Intensive](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022071216/6047fa021ad61d451f4b8fb3/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
SCP PSHA Project Regions
Central Asia Caucasus
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Example Project 1: Iraq (Completed)
• Probabilistic seismic hazard studies conducted over a three-year period
• Intensive training program: One in Erbil, Iraq (2014) and two in the US (2015, 2016)
• Resulting hazard maps used in Iraq’s building code update
• Through continuing collaboration and support, locals have taken over the work
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Example Project 1: Iraq (Completed)
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Example Project 2: Caucasus (In Progress)
• Overview of PSHA in a workshop in Georgia (2016) with attendees from Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan and Turkey.
• A non-technical half-day symposium attracted interest of government officials in downstream uses of PSHA results.
• First in-depth hands-on workshop next month in Georgia.
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Seismic Source Characterization
• Earthquake catalogue
– Reliable earthquake location and Mw calculations
• Active fault database
– Fault geometry & activity rates
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Ground Motion Characterization
• Strong ground shaking characterization
– Compilation of recorded strong motion data
– Regional attenuation characteristics
– Empirical and/or simulation-based ground motion models
Source: Pasyanos et al. (2009)
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Example Project 3: Central Asia (In Planning)
• Planning meeting in Kazakhstan (2016) with participants from Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan.
• Earthquake bulletin/catalogue digitization, revision and unification and their use in PSHA
• Local interest in downstream benefits:
1. Modernization and possibly harmonization of building codes in the region, and
2. Understanding risk in the region
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• Probability and statistics
– Return periods, exceedance probabilities, Poisson distribution, etc.
• Software tools
– Signal processing, calculation of response spectra
– Development of PSHA components, running analyses
• GIS capability
– Source characterization, mapping hazard
Computational Framework
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Outcomes for the Countries
Data
• Weak- and strong-motion instrument deployment, data collection and processing
• Robust earthquake catalogue including earthquake relocations & newly calculated Mw
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Outcomes for the Countries
Knowledge
• Long-term training, capacity building and support for local seismologists and engineers
local ownership
• Probabilistic assessment of seismic hazard with local input
Enabling building code modernization
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Road to Disaster Resilience…
• Risk mitigation through retrofitting buildings and infrastructure...
• Build back better...
• Risk resilient infrastructure...
• First step: Robust building codes!