HOUSE WATER CONNECTION

Topic :Building services for modern buildingsGroup Members B.E- 3rd semester 2014Guided by ANKIT MEHTA Assistant Professor (Civil department) PACIFIC SCHOOL OF ENGINEERINGNAYANI ANKIT (131120106033)MALAVIYA HARDIK (131120106027)PANASURIYA VISHAL (131120106034)VALANI TUSHAR (131120106057)

11CONTENTWater supplyDrainageElectrificationWATER SUPPLYHOUSE WATER CONNECTIONIn installing water supply plumbing system in a building, first and main step, is to obtain a water connection from the municipal water main. A domestic service connection includes the following components: FerruleGoose neckService pipeStop cockWater meter

PIPE FITTINGS AND FIXTURES:

Various fittings and fixtures used in water distribution system are as follows:

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REQUIREMENTS OF PIPE FITTINGS AND FIXTURES:

They should be easy to fix or remove.They should be easy to fix.Their threads and nut-bolts should be of standard size. They should produce minimum resistance to the flow of water.They should be durable.They should be economical.Their operation should be simple.10 STORAGE OF WATER IN BUILDING

Storage of water within the premises of a building is necessary, because the municipal supplies are usually not available round the clock . It is desirable to have a minimum storage of one and half days in the tanks located at ground level and terrace level together. WATER SUPPLY REQUIREMENTS FOR PUBLIC BUILDING OTHER THAN RESIDENCESr.No.Types of BuildingConstruction per capita per day Litres1(a)Factories where bathroom are required to be provided(b)Factories where no bathrooms are required to be provided45

302Hospitals (including laundry) per bed(a)No. of beds not exceeding 100(b)No. of beds exceeding 1003404503Nurses homes and medical quarters1354Hostels 1355Offices456Restaurants70 DOMESTIC OVERHEAD STORAGE TANKS:

Overhead water storage tanks placed on the top of the buildings should be properly located as to safety transmit their loads to the beams and columns in the building.

The following types of tanks are generally used:RCC tanksMasonry tanks G.I. tanks HDPE or FRP tanks WATER PIPING SYSTEMS IN BUILDINGS

Several piping systems may be adopted for the distribution of water within a building from the city mains or other sources such as ground water. Each method has its own merits and demerits, depending upon the local condition.

Various water piping systems are:Piping system using Direct supplyPiping system using overhead tankPiping system using underground tankPumped systems14HOUSE DRAINAGEA building is provided with a drainage system to discharge effectively the sewage of the building into the public sewer. Domestic sewage or sewage from building includes human excreta as well as discharge from bathrooms, kitchens, etc

AIMS OF HOUSE DRAINAGE:To maintain healthy conditions in the building.To dispose off waste water as early and quickly as possible.To avoid the entry of foul gases from the sewer or the septic tank.

To collect and remove waste matters systematically.PRINCIPLES OF HOUSE DRAINAGEIt is advisable to lay the sewers by the side of the building rather than below the building.

All the drains should be laid straight between chambers, avoiding sharp bend and junctions.

The house drain should be connected to the public sewer.

Laterals sewers should be laid at a proper gradient show that they can develop self cleansing velocity.The size of drain should be sufficient, so that they do not overflow at the time of maximum discharge.

The layout of the house drainage system should permit easy cleaning and removal of obstructions.

The entire system should be properly ventilated from the starting point to the final point of disposal.

HOUSE DRAINAGE PLANBefore starting the plumbing work, it is most essential first to prepare the drainage plan.

The site plan is drawn to suitable scale, showing on to it the position of baths, W/C, urinals and other units, along with the position of gully traps and floor traps.

THE FOLLOWING POINT SHOULD BE KEPT IN MIND WHILE PREPARING THE DRAINAGE PLAN:

All the drains should be laid in such a way so as to ensure their safety in future.

The drain should be laid in such a way that in future, extension can be done easily.

All soil pipes should be carried direct to the manholes without gully traps.

All rain water pipes should discharge over gully traps and should be disconnected from the drain.HOUSE DRAINAGE PIPES:In a house drainage system, a pipe may have the following designations, depending upon the function it carries:

Soil Pipe: it is the pipe carrying sewage from urinals, water closets etc.

2) Waste Pipe: it is the pipe carrying discharges from bathroom, kitchens , etc.

3) Vent Pipe: The pipe installed for the purpose of ventilation of the system is known as vent pipe.

4) Rainwater Pipe: It is pipe which carries only the rain water.

5) Ventilating Pipe: The ventilating pipe enables the foul gases of sewers to be safety discharged into atmosphere. PIPE FITTING

ELECTRICAL SERVICESDIRECT CURRENT In the direct current, the direction of current does not change, but the magnitude of the current may increase or decrease . Figure shows a graph between current versus time. In case of curve-A, the magnitude of current remains constant, while for curve-B, the magnitude of the current decreases with time. The symbol of D.C current is

ALTERNATING CURRENTIn case of A.C current, the magnitude and direction both changes with time. Fig shows a graph of A.C .From the graph it can be seen that in one direction the magnitude of current increases from zero to maximum and then becomes zero. Then, in the opposite direction the magnitude of current increase from zero to maximum and then again becomes zero. This process repeated in the subsequent cycles. The A.C current is represented by ~ .

TECHNICAL TERMS RELATED TO WIRINGFuse The function of a fuse wire is to protect the electrical appliances from a heavy current.

Thus , whenever a high voltage is passed through a fuse wire, it automatically melts and breaks the circuit.MCB (MINIATURE CIRCUIT BREAKER)In old buildings , fuses where used to provide protection against overload. The modern practice is to used MCB instead of fuses.

MCB are not used for low cost construction. ELCB (EARTH LEAKAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER )

If an electrical appliance with a fault is connected to the line and if its metal parts are not earthed, the metal may become live without the fuse blowing such a situation can produced an electrical shock to the person touching it. However , the metal body is earthed then current will flow through the earth wire . it is common to use a trapping device is called ELCB. RCCB (RESIDUAL CURRENT CIRCUIT BREAKER)

This is a much more positive protection device that can be provided instead of ELCB to avoid shocks and also current leakage in wiring of buildings. An RCCB is connected to all the three phases and the neutral. It is more expensive then ELCB and provides good protection against even minor defects in the wiring of a building.EARTHING

Earthing of the process of connecting the electrical appliances to the ground so that any unforeseen current such as leakages, faults, etc. is immediately discharged to the earth. The purpose of earthing is to avoid electric shock to the human body. All metallic casing parts of portable equipments like heater, electric iron, refrigerator, hair drier, etc. are required to be earthed.TYPES OF EARTHINGThere are various methods of earthing like:Wire earthingRod earthing Pipe earthingPlate earthing

SYSTEMS OF WIRINGSYSTEMS OF WIRINGThe main systems of wiring are:Wooden casing capping wiringCleat wiringCTS or TRS wiring

WOODEN CASING CAPPING WIRINGWooden casing capping wiring:In this type of wiring teak wooden casing and capping is used.

The casing is a long wooden strip with two grooves which is fixed to the wall.

In the grooves, VIR (vulcanized indian rubber) wires are placed and the casing is covered with long wood strip, known as capping.

CLEAT WIRINGCleat wiring:In this type of wiring , a chinaware porcelain cleat is used.

It has two parts; in the lower part are two to three slots a hole for fixing screw.

First of all holes are drilled into the wall at about 0.3 m to 0.6 m distance and wooden plugs are fixed on the holes.

CTS OR TRS WIRINGCTS or TRS wiring:This is one of the oldest type of wiring system and is also called as batten wiring system.

Teak wood batten are used in this system with clips fixed at 6 cm to 15 cm internals.

PVC, CTS or TRS wires are used in this system.

CONVENTIONAL SYMBOLS

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