Building the global system

The Trust is

“an essential element in of the Funding Strategy of the International Treaty in relation to ex situ conservation and availability of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture”

Relationship with the Treaty

Objective

Ensure long-term conservation and availability of PGRFA

• Safeguard globally important ex situ collections

• Promote a rational, efficient and sustainable global system for ex situ conservation

Photos by USDA ARS

Strategy

Build an endowment fund

International Collections - Article 15

International Collections

Distribution

“About 60% of the food crop area planted to improved

varieties is occupied by varieties bred using genetic materials from the CGIAR”

CGIAR Research Program - Genebanks

CGIAR Research Program - Genebanks

Svalbard Global Seed Vault781,148 samples in the Vault

584,552 funded byCrop Trust

Rescued Crop Diversity Worldwide

Regeneration• 79,725

regenerated• 4,268 put in vitro• 12,619 not viable• 86 institutes in 78

countries

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

Number of accessions regenerated compared to target

Regeneration target

Actual regen-erated

Country

Nu

mb

er

of

acc

ess

ion

s

Safety Duplication

• 45,476 accessions sent• From 57 countries

Capacity Building• Regeneration guidelines• Expert advice and visits• Drying, packing and storage equipment• Computers

LessonsRegeneration & duplication: benefits

both national and global

Strengthened links between genebanks, farmers and breeders at national level

Stronger links between national and international genebanks

Clonal crops remain a significant problem

Over to Partners

NPGRL, The Philippines

Secretariat of the Pacific

Community (SPC)

International Rice Research

Institute (IRRI)

Treaty Secretariat

National Plant Genetic Resources Laboratory

• assembled 36,322 accessions of over 400 species of important and potentially useful agricultural crop species and their relatives relatives

GCDT-funded Projects

• Regeneration of Sweetpotato, Cowpea and Pigeon Pea Collections

• Regeneration of Yam, Taro, Maize and Rice Collections

• Regeneration of Yam (in vitro) Collection

• Conserving banana diversity for use in perpetuity: strengthening the network of collections to improve access to wider diversity and safeguard threatened banana cultivars

Typhoon Xangsane, 2006

Main AchievementsCrop Number of accessions

regenerated and characterizedNumber of accessions sent for safety duplication

Target ActualSweetpotato 340 313 (284- in vitro) 0

Vigna spp 1125 756 754

Pigeon pea 254 18 18

Taro 52 52 (52- in vitro) 52

Yam 97 97(94- in vitro) 0

Maize 1230 710 534

Rice 500 479 448

Yam( in vitro) 218 183 0

Banana 30 30 30

Protocol for decontamination developed

Fire, 28 January 2012

Important Lessons Learned

• Immediate processing and sending of germplasm materials for safety duplication

• Regeneration of the rest of the germplasm conserved at NPGRL be given priority to rescue unique accessions

• Importance of complementation of conservation approaches (eg. Field and in vitro)

Additional GCDT support

• Reintroduction in in vitro of yam and sweetpotato accessions lost due to fire

• Shipping of regenerated materials for safety duplication to SPC (taro), AVRDC (Vigna, pigeon pea), CIMMYT (maize) and Svalbard

Regenerated germplasm of seed crops now duplicated at Svalbard

Total: 1739 accessions

Cajanus cajan (18), Oryza sativa L. (448), Vigna mungo (2), Vigna radiataL. (400), Vigna umbellata(59), Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. cv. grp. unguiculata (160), Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis (133), Zea mays L. (534)

Yam accessions for duplication to IITA

Capacity building

• 3 BS students conducted their theses research using the materials

• Results of the yam in vitro project- presented in the Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology meeting

• Technical assistance on yam tissue culture provided to other researchers

Construction of the Philippine Plant Genetic Resources Center

Our Dream

Thank you

Conservation for the present and future generations

Over to Partners

NPGRL, The Philippines

Secretariat of the Pacific

Community (SPC)

International Rice Research

Institute (IRRI)

Treaty Secretariat

SPC Centre for Pacific Crops and Trees (CePaCT), Suva, Fiji

CePaCT - Pacific genebank, officially opened in 2009, conserves Pacific crop diversity and the largest global collection of taro in vitro . Trust provides long term grant for conservation and regeneration of aroid and yam collections. The Treaty (ITPGRFA) facilitates access and distribution of this material

WHAT CePaCT does ? • CONSERVATION – conserves the important

(traditional & economical) crops and plants of the Pacific region

• maintains them as tissue cultures• IMPORTATION – of new improved (new

varieties) that are climate ready tolerant (to drought, salt, waterlogged, acid soils), high yielding with good taste, nutrient-rich, resistant to certain pests and diseases

• VIRUS TESTING – so crops are free of viruses and safe for distribution

• DISTRIBUTION - to the SPC member countries & project partners safely

• RESEARCH – to improve storage and production of planting material

• TECHNICAL SUPPORT – capacity building thru CG collaboration /regional training on basic tissue culture methods and source of information on relevant biotechnology

SPC collaborative programs• Collaboration /partnership within and outside of the region• Sharing of expertise on in vitro conservation with other

countries eg Indonesia, Philippines• Collaboration with CG Centres eg sourcing of improved and

climate resilient material• Safety duplication and regeneration of the Pacific traditional

varieties – aroids, yam, breadfruit, banana• Repatriation of traditional varieties that have been lost in the

field – Fiji, Palau, PNG etc• Conservation of Samoas unique Niu afa coconut variety using

polymotu approach • Impact of taro leaf blight disease, 1993 – eg Samoas

traditional taro varieties now conserved in SPC CePaCT, FIJI

Niu afa variety http://coconutsamoa.blogspot.com

35

GERMPLASM DISTRIBUTION 2005 – June 2013 • 56,041 plantlets distributed

• 45 countries including Europe, Africa, Caribbean and Asia (under SPC EU International Network for Edible Aroids (INEA) project)

• Crops distributed – alocasia, bananas, bele, breadfruit, cassava, Irish potato, kava (Fiji only) and ginger (Fiji only), sweet potatoes, taro, vanilla and yams

• Annex 1 material distributed under SMTA for all exchanges. All records kept by SPC as a provider

36

COUNTRIES RECEIVED TISSUE CULTURE MATERIAL FROM CePaCT (2005 – June 2013)

FROM THE PACIFIC REGION• 23 Pacific Island countries and territories - American Samoa,

Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, New Caledonia, Niue, Norfolk Is, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Pitcairn Islands, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, and Wallis and Futuna

OUTSIDE OF THE PACIFIC REGION (mainly TLB resistant (C.esculenta) varieties assisting African and other regions

• Belgium, Burkina Faso, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ghana, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Madagascar, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Philippines, South Africa, Trinidad and Tobago, Germany, Portugal, Cameroon, Haiti, US, Bangladesh, Congo, Mauritius

Over to Partners

NPGRL, The Philippines

Secretariat of the Pacific

Community (SPC)

International Rice Research

Institute (IRRI)

Treaty Secretariat

International Rice Research

Institute (IRRI)

Ruaraidh Sackville Hamilton

Nine countries chose IRRI as their primary backup

Lao PDR

Indonesia

Mala

ysia

Vietnam

Mya

nmar

Korea, DPR

Mad

agasc

arNepal

Pakist

an0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

ProjectPriorCBD

History of deposits from the 9 countries

1961-

1968

1969-

1973

1973-

1977

1977-

1981

1981-

1985

1985-

1989

1989-

1993

1993-

1997

1997-

2001

2001-

2005

2005-

2009

2009-

2013

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

MLSCBD

Lessons learnt

• Need for awareness raising– Assistance with SMTA

• Need for incentives

• Opportunity for indirect facilitated access

Over to Partners

NPGRL, The Philippines

Secretariat of the Pacific

Community (SPC)

International Rice Research

Institute (IRRI)

Treaty Secretariat

Secretariat of the ITPGRFA

Francisco Lopez

Information Systems

جزيال شكرا