bukidnon government approach to financing watershed protection_calingasan
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Capturing Economic Benefits from Ecosystem Services (CEBES)Philippine Stakeholders’ Consultation Conference25 August 2011ADB HQTRANSCRIPT
Local Government Approach to Financing
Watershed Protection
by:
Governor Alex P. Calingasan
Philippine Conference on Capturing Economic Benefits from Ecosystem Services
25 August 2011, ADB Manila
Why the Provincial Government
of Bukidnon adopted watershed
management approach?
-
Significance of Bukidnon River
Basin & Watersheds
1. Bukidnon Head Water Source of 6
Major Rivers in Mindanao:
Pulangui Tagoloan, Cagayan,
Maridugao, Davao Salug & Agusan-
Cugman that drains into 6 Provinces
2. Bukidnon is known for rich
depository of Biological Resources &
Conservation Hotspots.
3. Food Basket in Mindanao
•Pulangui River which traverses the province from
Kalabugao plain in the North and rains to the southwest of
Mindanao through the Cotabato Provinces. Its watershed
divides into two(2) clusters: Upper and Lower Pulangui. There
are nine(9) municipalities in the Upper Pulangui watershed
while Lower Pulangui is also spread in the nine(9)
municipalities.
•Tagoloan River that emanates from the East-central part in
the plateau areas around Malaybalay and drains Northward
toward Macajalar Bay in Tagoloan, Misamis Oriental Province.
I ts watershed extends into f ive(5 ) municipal i t ies .
•Cagayan River that comes from the mountains of Talakag
(Northwest of Bukidnon) and also drains northward into the
Macajalar Bay in Cagayan de Oro City, Misamis Oriental
Province. The watershed covers three(3) municipalities of the
Province.
•Maridugao River that flows from the mountains of Talakag
and drains Southward forming the natural boundary between
Bukidnon and Lanao del Sur Provinces. The watershed is
composed of five(5) municipalities.
•Davao-Salug River that cuts the Eastern fringes of the
province along the mountains of San Fernando and drains
south towards Davao Province. San Fernando and Quezon
municipalities make up its watershed.
•Agusan-Cugman River that originates from Kitanglad
mountains which cuts through the Municipality of Libona and
drains into Macajalar Bay Cagayan de Oro City, Province of
Misamis Oriental. The watershed covers two(2) municipalities
in Bukidnon.
MAJOR RIVER WATERSHEDS
IN BUKIDNON
Mt. Kitanglad
Range
Mt. Kalatungan
Range
Mt. Tago
Range
Mt.
Kimangkil
Pantaron
Mt. Range
Mt.
Tangkulang
Range
Bukidnon River Watersheds and Municipalities/ Cities Covered
Name of River
Watershed
Area in
Hectares
Municipalities/Cities
Covered
Upper Pulangui 296,153.17 Malitbog, Impasug-ong,
Malaybalay City,
Cabanglasan,
Lantapan, Valencia City,
San Fernando,
Maramag and Quezon
Lower Pulangui 154,956.34 Maramag, Quezon,
Pangantucan,
Kadingilan, Don Carlos,
Kitaotao, Dangcagan,
Damulog and Kibawe
Tagoloan 151,870.84 Malitbog, Manolo
Fortich, Sumilao,
Impasug-ong and
Malaybalay City
Cagayan 110,631.06 Talakag, Baungon and
Libona
Maridugao 57,362.27 Don Carlos,
Pangantucan,
Kalilangan, Kadingilan
and Talakag
Davao-Salug 36,445.31 San Fernando, Quezon
Agusan-Cugman 21,959.01 Libona and Manolo
Fortich
Upper
Pulangui
Lower
Pulangui
Tagoloan
Cagayan
Davao-
Salug
Maridugao
Agusan-
Cugman
TYPES OF WATERSHEDS:
4 River Basin
1 Large Watershed
2 Medium Watershed
17 Small Watershed
155 Micro Watershed
Upper Pulangui
Lower Pulangui
Tagoloan
Maridugao
Cagayan
Agusan-
Cugman
Davao-
Salug
Major
Watersheds
Total Area No. of City/
Mun.
Covered
Upper Pulangui 296,153.17 9
Lower Pulangui 154,956.34 9
Tagoloan 151,870.84 5
Cagayan 110,631.06 3
Maridugao
River
57,362.27 5
Davao -Salug 36,445.31 2
Agusan-
Cugman
21,959.01 2
Benefits of Bukidnon Watershed
Management Environmental Services:Forest Protecting
Biodiversity( Forest and wetland
ecosystems0 that can be found in protected
areas in Mt. Kalatungan & Mt. Kitanglad
and other Mountains Mt. Tangkulan, Mt.
Saldab, Mt. Tago Range, and the Pantaron
Mt. Ranges) Soil Conservation, Water
conservation, flood mitigation, carbon
sequestration, oxygen generation and micro
climate amelioration.
Social Services: Preservation of Tourism
(Eco-cultural and Landscape preservation),
Recreation (hike trekking, mountain climbing
and water sports), Historical (protection of
historical monuments and archeological
sites), Cultural (Protection of areas of
cultural importance e.g sacred groves, burial
places, indigenous cultures, beliefs and
knowledges, Health (Control of water Borne
diseases and prevention of malnutrition) and
Social Welfares (livelihood security, social
equity/poverty alleviation, reduction of risk
of loss of life due to natural disasters,
disaster relief avoidance , prevention of rural
and urban migration.
Economic Services: Water Supply for 1.3 Million
people,16 Agro-industries(Multinational Corp.) & 32,382
hectares irrigated lands,145,434 annual and perennial
croplands, 191 poultry’s & piggeries & hydro-electric
power generations of NAPOCOR (generates 255MW
30% of the power demand in Mindanao), Bobonawan
Power Company and First Gen Power Corporation.
IMPLICATION S OF WATERSHED
DEGRADATION TO ADJACENT PROVINCES
Bukidnon has a significant landscape and identified as a critical
watershed because it is a head water sources of six major rivers in
Mindanao. Buikidnon rivers such as; Pulangui, Tagoloan, Cagayan,
Maridugao, Agusan Cugman and Davao Salug rivers supplies water for
domestic, irrigation, Agro Industrial, Commercial and Hydroloelectric power
generations, not only in Bukidnon, but for our adjacent provinces, like
Cotabato, Davao, Misamis Orietnal, Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur and
Lanao del Norte. Bukidnon river watershed provides hydrological support to
conserve biodiversiity within Agusan and Liquasan marsh which is also
recognized as biological hotspots.
Continuous flow of water is dependent on the condition of the forest. With
the continuing deteriorationand degradation of forest ecosystem within
Bukidnon River Watershed there will be corresponding effects on the
social, economic and ecological mainstays in adjacent provinces which
would affect the Philippine economy.
STRATEGIES & APPROACHES Local Institutional Strengthening Operationalization and Strengtehning of the
Bukidnon Watershed Protection and Development Council.
Formulation of Watershed Management & Protection Framework Plan ( Provincial, City/Municipal & Barangay)
Capacity Building
Intensive Information Campaigns/Advocacy
Data-based Establishment & Management
Fund Sourcing
Strengthening Linkages to Resource Providers for Integrated Watershed Management
Policy and Legislation Amendment of Bukidnon Environment Code
Formulation of IRR for the Bukidnon Environment Code
Study on Provincial/City/Municipal Revenue Code for Proposed Integration of Payment of Environmental Services (PES) on Local Policies
Compilation & Study of ENR Local (Provincial, City/Municipa& Barangay Ordinancesl, National & International Laws and Regulations for Improvement of Local ENR Code
Technology (Upstream and Downstream Dev’t.)
Research & Development (Carbon Stocks Assessment, Hydrological Appraisal, Biodiversity Appraisal, )
Reforestation/Afforestatin (Climate Change Adaptation)
Agro-forestry
Bio- Engineering
Riparian Development
Watershed Rehabilitation
Rain Water Harvesting
Bukidnon Major Watersheds
WATERSHED MANAGEMENT CAPABILITY BUILDING & PLANNING PROGRAM OF
LGUs ( Provincial , Municipal & Barangay) 1995-up to date
Manupali River Watershed & 9 Sub-
river( Tributaries) Watersheds
Local Ecological Knowledge
Scientific Ecological Knowledge
Approach in watershed Data based Collection, Interpretation and Analysis
Public Ecological Knowledge
Figure. 1. Integration of three Sources of Knowledge
System ( Local, Public and Scientific Domains for
Sustainable NRM & Dev’t.
Address
Communication Gap
between three types
of Knowledge on
Watershed Functions
and found
appropriate
Negotiations for
Payment or Rewards
of environmental
Services
Impact Pathways
Land Cover Situation in Bukidnon River
Watersheds
Bukidnon Land Cover 25%
1%
31%
21%
3%
1%0%
1%16%
1%
Natural Forest Plantation Wooded LandOther Land Perenial Cropland Annual CroplandBuilt-up Areas River/Lakes Agri-IndustrialNo Data
Benefits of Bukidnon Watershed
Management Environmental Services:Forest Protecting
Biodiversity( Forest and wetland
ecosystems0 that can be found in protected
areas in Mt. Kalatungan & Mt. Kitanglad
and other Mountains Mt. Tangkulan, Mt.
Saldab, Mt. Tago Range, and the Pantaron
Mt. Ranges) Soil Conservation, Water
conservation, flood mitigation, carbon
sequestration, oxygen generation and micro
climate amelioration.
Social Services: Preservation of Tourism
(Eco-cultural and Landscape preservation),
Recreation (hike trekking, mountain climbing
and water sports), Historical (protection of
historical monuments and archeological
sites), Cultural (Protection of areas of
cultural importance e.g sacred groves, burial
places, indigenous cultures, beliefs and
knowledges, Health (Control of water Borne
diseases and prevention of malnutrition) and
Social Welfares (livelihood security, social
equity/poverty alleviation, reduction of risk
of loss of life due to natural disasters,
disaster relief avoidance , prevention of rural
and urban migration.
Economic Services: Water Supply for 1.3 Million
people,16 Agro-industries(Multinational Corp.) & 32,382
hectares irrigated lands,145,434 annual and perennial
croplands, 191 poultry’s & piggeries & hydro-electric
power generations of NAPOCOR (generates 255MW
30% of the power demand in Mindanao), Bobonawan
Power Company and First Gen Power Corporation.
Local,Public & Modellers Ecological
Knowledge on Watershed Issues
Rapid increase of population and slash and
burn have caused rapid denudation in the
upland areas, particularly in the last two
decades. 2005 spot revealed that Bukidnon’s
forest cover is only 25% situated in the
headwater mountain slopes resulted also with a
corresponding decline in genetic species and
ecosystem within and downstream watershed.
Rapid rainfall runoff and severe soil erosion
became increasingly evident as flash flood,
landslides and siltation in the rainy season
alternated with worsening droughts and
destructive fires in the dry season when
inadequate river flows failed to sustain irrigation
and hydro-electric power generation.
Competing water use increases (agricultural
and industrial)
Water quality changes based on community
based water monitoring
Extent of rural poverty in the uplands continued
to increase and the ability of upland farm families
to generate even subsistence livelihoods from
the deteriorating resource base continue to
decline.
Programs, Projects of the Province of Bukidnon to
Protect the Bukidnon River Watersheds
1. The province facilitated the issuance of Memorandum Order 270, in1985, Creating the Bukidnon Watershed Protection and Development Council,signed by then President Fidel V. Ramos in order to protect the remainingforests within Bukidnon river watersheds;2) Enacted and enforced logging moratorium since 1986.3) Conducted comprehensive data based to determine the macro to microriver watersheds as basis for clustering LGUs (Provincial, city/ Municipal up toBarangay level. For watershed management purposes (1995- 2001)4) Mandated LGUs (provincial, all municipal and barangay) to preparewatershed management plan as framework in environmental and naturalresources management with continuous watershed capability developmentsupport of the Provincial Government.5) Facilitated forums and summit to integrate various environmental andnatural resources management initiatives.4) Implemented reforestation, small scale tree farms and tree growing.5. Enacted the Bukidnon Environment Code;5) Enacted a resolution to support the declaration of Mt. Ktanglad RangeNature Park and Mt. Kalatungan Range Nature Park as Protected areas.
Programs, Projects of the Province of Bukidnon to
Protect the Bukidnon River Watersheds (Continuation)
6. Applied TULSEA Negotiation Support Tools for PES Negotiations (Carbonstock measurement, hydrological measurement, Landscape appraisal, LandTenure Appraisal, market appraisal & biodiversity appraisal).
7. implemented the province wide greening program and Rewards of
Ecosystem Services (RES) through providing financial assistance to
diverse stakeholders who adopted Tree Growing in order to address
forest degradation and deforestation and food security withinBukidnon River watersheds.
Perceptions on current hydrological situation in Manupali (LEK
and PEK results)
Causes Effects Actions
LEK (farmers)
-Decreasing forest cover
-Expansion of banana and
pineapple plantations
-Rivers utilized for local
water system
-Decreasing water supply
(e.g. drying up of rivers)
-Degrading water quality
-Flooding
-Siltation in irrigation
canals
-Protect forest
-Plant trees
-Efficient use of water
PEK(public
and
policy-
makers)
-Population growth
-Expansion of banana
plantations
-Decreasing forest cover
-Intensive agricultural
production
-Improper waste disposal
-Increasing water demand
-Unsustainable farming
systems
-Decreasing water supply
(e.g. drying up of rivers)
-Degrading water quality
-Siltation in irrigation
canals
-Sedimentation in reservoir
-High treatment costs
-Poor rice production
-Massive
environmental
awareness
-Implement
environmental policies
-Plant trees
-Water recycling
-Provide incentives
-Regulate banana and
agricultural expansion
Hydrologist’s/Modeller’s Ecological KnowledgeMean monthly water
yield
Water quality Landslide risk
Buffering of water flow relative to
rainfall event using empirical records
Use of the model – GenRiver
Land cover/Land use, River network,
Rainfall, Soil type & depth, River
flow data, Existing reservoirs &
operating rules
Plausible land use change scenarios
Analysis of drivers for scenarios
Fig 5.1. Steps in the RHA modeller’s ecological knowledge analysis
Fig. 5.4. Daily rainfall data used to simulate the river flows of Alanib (TOP-LEFT), Maagnao (TOP-
RIGHT) and Kulasihan (BOTTOM) Rivers.
No. Dynamics of water Alanib sub-watershed Kulasihan sub-watershed
Computed
(mm)
Simulated
(mm)
Computed
(mm )
Simulated
(mm)
1 Precipitation 2272.36 2260.34 2300.67 2222.09
2 Evapotranspiration 760.42 (34) 1058.50 (44)
3 Other losses 654.94 (29) 401.61 (17)
4 River flow 844.98 (37) 980.35 (41)
Run-off 496.12 516.49 (23) 535.20 536.90 (23)
Soil quick flow ≥0.00 31.00 (1)
Baseflow 328.49 (15) ≥0.00
Surface quick flow 412.45 (17)
Average water balance of Alanib and Kulasihan sub-watersheds during a 12-yearGenRiver simulation (MEK results)
Based on the RHA results, the overall assessment of
the environmental conditions in the focused sub-
catchments specifically the Alanib and Kulasihan Rivers
implies that land use/cover change of the landscape
coupled with the increasing water demands by different
group of users seems to significantly influence the
changes in stream flow patterns, and water level or supply
as supported by MEK, LEK and PEK.
Institutional Challenges:
Strengthen multi-sectoral approach to watershed planning &
management & Partnerships.
Continuing IEC program in watershed resource management.
Creation of ENRO ( City & Municipal level).
Establishment of LGU Watershed Management Trust Fund.
Establishment of Management Information System.
Implementation of Comprehensive Training Programme
Local Policy & Legislation Challenges:
Enforcement of Rules & Regulations for Watershed Protection.
Formulation of economic policy instruments
(Integration of Payment of Environmental Services)
Technological Challenges for Interventions:
Appropriate technologies which are simple, conservation effective,
low cost, maintenance & productive