Bullying: Health and

InterventionElyssa LazuEd 7202T

Action Research Midterm

Table Of Contents Statement of the Problem Literature Review Hypothesis Participants/Instruments Research Design Threats to Internal/External Validity Procedure Discussion/Implications Results References

Statement of the Problem

• A major issue within the school system and school systems have not done all they can to prevent them. (Sylvester, 2011)

• It has become a major concern on long-term and short-term health.

• Long-term consequences of being bullied may lead to serious mental health problems, such as depression or suicidal thoughts (Fritz, 2006).

• Lack of awareness and adult involvement. (Atlas & Pepler, 2001)

• Not a priority until a tragedy occurs (suicide).(Goodwin, 2011)

Literature ReviewHealth Concerns

• The American Medical Association has designated school bullying a public health concern (Graham & Bellmore, 2007)

• Direct Bullying Victims and bully/victims had unusual repeated sore throats, colds or coughs, breathing problems, nausea, and poor appetite. Also made up illnesses to stay home. ( Wolke, Woods & Bloomfield, 2001)

• Associations between victims not being able to sleep well, bed wetting, feeling sad, increased headaches and belly aches. (Williams, Chambers, Logan, & Robinson, 1996)

• School nurse logs showed frequent visits with somatic illnesses was a cause for concern. Involvement in bullying can have negative effects on a child's health and should be followed up with their Dr. ( Vernberg, Nelson, Fonagy & Twemlow, 2011)

Hypothesis• Integrating an anti-bullying instructional unit to

10 students (9 boys, 1 girl) in an urban setting in Queens New York, during the morning for 40 minutes twice a week over a 4 week period will decrease bullying and promote awareness.

Participants/ Instruments

Participants Instruments

• Sample of convenience=10 students from various schools throughout NYC

• Ten elementary school students (age range from 9-11)

• nine boys, one girl

Parent Release Forms• Permission to participate in

research

Pre and Post Student Surveys• Safety in schools,

awareness

Parent health Questionnaire• Report on health issues

Research Design Research Design: Pre-Experimental

One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design Symbolic Design: OXO Single group is pretested (O), exposed to a treatment (X),

and post tested (O).

The same hypothetical treatment will be given to one group, twice a week, in the morning, for a four week period.

Students will sit together on carpet for the read aloud and role play

ThreatsInternal Validity External Validity• History: Student/teacher

absence • Instrumentation: Surveys can

have fake answers or misinterpretations

• Maturation: Loss of interest due to fatigue etc.

• Testing/Pre-testing Sensitization: hints regarding post-test

• Selection Maturation Interaction: students differ, possibly repetitive

• Pre-test treatment: Students try to remember questions from pre-test

• Experimenter Effects: Researcher Bias with high to low mean

• Reactive arrangement: Try harder because of the testing notion

Procedure• Pretest Administration Student Survey Parent health questionnaire

• Group exposed to a treatment Hypothetical treatment was given twice a week, role play

and read aloud

• Posttest Administration Student survey post test identical to pretest to analyze any

changes from pre-test

Discussion/ Implications

• The results support the theorists ideologies and current research:

Hypothetical treatment showed test scores to have increased from their pre test to post test

Needs further research with actual implementation of role play and literature into bullying interventions

Further research providing bullying prevention strategiesFurther research should be done throughout an entire school

with a longer studySafe to assume higher post test scores are related to intervention

and lower pre test scores are due to not having intervention

Results

• The bar graph represents that bullying being a problem reduced .4 by post-test

Students

Pre- Test

Post-Test

1 4 2

2 4 23 2 34 2 15 3 36 2 37 3 48 3 29 4 410 4 2

Mean= 3.1 2.6

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100

1

2

3

4

5

Pre & Post Test ResultsI feel Bullying is a Problem

in my school

ParentsStudent

Students-X

Score

s-Y

Results

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.50

0.51

1.52

2.53

3.54

4.5

f(x) = − 0.21875 x + 3.46875R² = 0.0443840579710144

Relationship between parents worrying their child is ill and a student afraid to go to

school

StudentLinear (Student)Series3

Frequency of Parents concern of child illnessesStu

dents

afr

aid

to g

o t

o s

chool

0.04438rxy

Brief Analysis: A fair positive correlation 0.04438 suggests that students being afraid of school caused parents to be concerned that it was due to illness

Results

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

Pre-Test I know there are ways to

prevent bullying

Series1

Students

Bull

y P

reventi

on C

onfidence

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

Post-TestI know there are ways to

prevent bullying

Series1

Students

BU

llyin

g P

reventi

on C

onfidence

Mean:2.1Mode:2

Mean:3.0Mode:3

There was .9 increase from the pre test to the post test after hypothetical

intervention

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