bunker hill superfund site 2014 blood lead levels...•a blood lead test is the best tool for...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Bunker Hill Superfund Site 2014 Blood Lead Levels...•A blood lead test is the best tool for identifying lead exposure . Box. Box Remedial Action Objectives • No more than 5% of](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042420/5f37107cc6f460693a2fea32/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Bunker Hill Superfund Site 2018 Blood Lead Levels
Panhandle Health District
Idaho Department of Environmental Quality
United States Environmental Protection Agency
February 27, 2019
![Page 2: Bunker Hill Superfund Site 2014 Blood Lead Levels...•A blood lead test is the best tool for identifying lead exposure . Box. Box Remedial Action Objectives • No more than 5% of](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042420/5f37107cc6f460693a2fea32/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Lead Health Intervention Program
(LHIP) Annual Blood Lead Surveys
• Public health service offered by the State
• Not a study or experiment
• Box since 1974/1985
• Basin since 1996
![Page 3: Bunker Hill Superfund Site 2014 Blood Lead Levels...•A blood lead test is the best tool for identifying lead exposure . Box. Box Remedial Action Objectives • No more than 5% of](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042420/5f37107cc6f460693a2fea32/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Panhandle Health District
Lead Health Intervention Program
• Public health service offered to those that live within the Box
or the Coeur d’Alene River Basin and are between 6 months
and 6 years of age.
• $30.00 cash incentive for participants.
• Prior to blood draws, the parent/legal guardian or adult
participant must sign a Consent Form and complete the
appropriate Questionnaire.
![Page 4: Bunker Hill Superfund Site 2014 Blood Lead Levels...•A blood lead test is the best tool for identifying lead exposure . Box. Box Remedial Action Objectives • No more than 5% of](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042420/5f37107cc6f460693a2fea32/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Panhandle Health District
LHIP Procedures
• Screening blood test is done by skin puncture (capillary
or fingerstick - FS)
• Results of capillary test are provided to the participant or
parent immediately after analysis
• All FS results over 5 µg/dL are followed up with a venous draw
conformation test
• Offer consultations and follow-up with all children who test over 5
µg/dL
![Page 5: Bunker Hill Superfund Site 2014 Blood Lead Levels...•A blood lead test is the best tool for identifying lead exposure . Box. Box Remedial Action Objectives • No more than 5% of](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042420/5f37107cc6f460693a2fea32/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
“ The health effects associated with lead are the same
whether it enters the body through breathing or
swallowing. Lead can affect almost every organ and
system in the body, especially the nervous system. No safe
level of lead exposure has been identified.”
– Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
![Page 6: Bunker Hill Superfund Site 2014 Blood Lead Levels...•A blood lead test is the best tool for identifying lead exposure . Box. Box Remedial Action Objectives • No more than 5% of](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042420/5f37107cc6f460693a2fea32/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Decreasing “elevated” blood lead levels
40
60
30
25
10
5
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
Year
Blo
od
Lead
Co
ncen
trati
on
s (
μg
/dl)
Blood Lead Concentrations Considered to be Elevated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
*N Engl J Med 2003; 348: p1517-26 (1950 – 1991)
*CDC. Recommendations in “Low Level Lead Exposure Harms Children: A Renewed Call of Primary Prevention”. (2012)
![Page 7: Bunker Hill Superfund Site 2014 Blood Lead Levels...•A blood lead test is the best tool for identifying lead exposure . Box. Box Remedial Action Objectives • No more than 5% of](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042420/5f37107cc6f460693a2fea32/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Source Areas • CDA Basin impacted by over
100 years of mining
• Until 1968, 2200 tons/day of mine waste discharged to South Fork CDA River
• Primary source areas remain in the Upper Basin
• Most adjacent to streams with imminent potential of mass wasting into surface water
• Estimated over 100 million tons of mine waste, including 2.4 billion pounds of lead, dispersed over 1,000’s of acres
![Page 8: Bunker Hill Superfund Site 2014 Blood Lead Levels...•A blood lead test is the best tool for identifying lead exposure . Box. Box Remedial Action Objectives • No more than 5% of](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042420/5f37107cc6f460693a2fea32/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Mine and Mills Directly Discharged Waste Materials Into the Rivers & Streams
![Page 9: Bunker Hill Superfund Site 2014 Blood Lead Levels...•A blood lead test is the best tool for identifying lead exposure . Box. Box Remedial Action Objectives • No more than 5% of](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042420/5f37107cc6f460693a2fea32/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Osburn Tailings Dam 1920
• > 60 million
tons of
metals-
contaminated
tailings
discharged
directly into
rivers
• Direct tailings
discharges -
1890s to 1968
• Downstream
river
sediments as
high as 7%
Pb by mass
![Page 10: Bunker Hill Superfund Site 2014 Blood Lead Levels...•A blood lead test is the best tool for identifying lead exposure . Box. Box Remedial Action Objectives • No more than 5% of](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042420/5f37107cc6f460693a2fea32/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Airborne Pollution from Lead Smelter Sept of 1973 baghouse fire
burnt through the smelter’s
primary pollution control.
This resulted in
uncontrolled emissions.
Particulate emissions went
from 10-20 tons per month
up to 160 tons per month,
containing 50-70% lead.
In the 1970s blood lead
monitoring began. 99% of
children tested in 1974 had
a blood lead level of 40
µg/dL or greater (high of
164 µg/dL), average BLL
was 67.4 µg/dL
Smelter shut down in
December of 1981
Decades of sulfur oxide emissions from smelter operations had denuded the adjacent hillsides. 2.8 million saplings were planted on over 5,000 acres in one of the largest re-vegetative undertakings in US history.
![Page 11: Bunker Hill Superfund Site 2014 Blood Lead Levels...•A blood lead test is the best tool for identifying lead exposure . Box. Box Remedial Action Objectives • No more than 5% of](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042420/5f37107cc6f460693a2fea32/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Remedy of Partial Removals Requires
Management
Below the Barriers
2004 Residential Remediation Complete
![Page 12: Bunker Hill Superfund Site 2014 Blood Lead Levels...•A blood lead test is the best tool for identifying lead exposure . Box. Box Remedial Action Objectives • No more than 5% of](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042420/5f37107cc6f460693a2fea32/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Bunker Hill Superfund Site 2014 Blood Lead Levels...•A blood lead test is the best tool for identifying lead exposure . Box. Box Remedial Action Objectives • No more than 5% of](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042420/5f37107cc6f460693a2fea32/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Bunker Hill Superfund Site 2014 Blood Lead Levels...•A blood lead test is the best tool for identifying lead exposure . Box. Box Remedial Action Objectives • No more than 5% of](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042420/5f37107cc6f460693a2fea32/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Route of Exposure • Ingestion – Most common exposure route. Absorption rate of 20-
60% (ATSDR 2007)
• Inhalation – Almost all lead that is deposited in the lungs is absorbed into the body (ATSDR 2007)
• Blood serves as the initial receptacle of absorbed lead and essentially distributes throughout the body. Making it available to all soft tissue organs.
Reference: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). 2007. Toxicological profile for Lead. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service.
![Page 15: Bunker Hill Superfund Site 2014 Blood Lead Levels...•A blood lead test is the best tool for identifying lead exposure . Box. Box Remedial Action Objectives • No more than 5% of](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042420/5f37107cc6f460693a2fea32/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
At Risk Populations
• Children – more affected by lead due to behavior & physiology
• Pregnant women – Readily crosses the placenta adversely affecting fetus
• Adults with cumulative exposure – Generally occupational or hobby related
• Genetically pre-disposed individuals
![Page 16: Bunker Hill Superfund Site 2014 Blood Lead Levels...•A blood lead test is the best tool for identifying lead exposure . Box. Box Remedial Action Objectives • No more than 5% of](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042420/5f37107cc6f460693a2fea32/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Health Effects
![Page 17: Bunker Hill Superfund Site 2014 Blood Lead Levels...•A blood lead test is the best tool for identifying lead exposure . Box. Box Remedial Action Objectives • No more than 5% of](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042420/5f37107cc6f460693a2fea32/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Health Effects – Children vs. Adults
• Children suffer effects from lead exposure at much lower levels
• No safe blood lead threshold for the adverse effects of lead on infant or child neurodevelopment has been identified
• Latent effects of lead exposure during childhood for adults
• Because lead exposure often occurs with no obvious symptoms, it frequently goes unrecognized
• A blood lead test is the best tool for identifying lead exposure
![Page 18: Bunker Hill Superfund Site 2014 Blood Lead Levels...•A blood lead test is the best tool for identifying lead exposure . Box. Box Remedial Action Objectives • No more than 5% of](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042420/5f37107cc6f460693a2fea32/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Box
![Page 19: Bunker Hill Superfund Site 2014 Blood Lead Levels...•A blood lead test is the best tool for identifying lead exposure . Box. Box Remedial Action Objectives • No more than 5% of](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042420/5f37107cc6f460693a2fea32/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Box Remedial Action Objectives
• No more than 5% of children in each community have blood lead levels
> 10 µg/dL
• Less than 1% with blood lead levels > 15 µg/dL
![Page 20: Bunker Hill Superfund Site 2014 Blood Lead Levels...•A blood lead test is the best tool for identifying lead exposure . Box. Box Remedial Action Objectives • No more than 5% of](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042420/5f37107cc6f460693a2fea32/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Percent of Box Children with Blood Lead Levels ≥10 µg/dL by City, 1988-2018
![Page 21: Bunker Hill Superfund Site 2014 Blood Lead Levels...•A blood lead test is the best tool for identifying lead exposure . Box. Box Remedial Action Objectives • No more than 5% of](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042420/5f37107cc6f460693a2fea32/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
2018 Blood Lead Summary Statistics: Box (age 0-6)
Total Number of Children (N) 141
Minimum (μg/dL) <1.9
Maximum (μg/dL) 10
Average (μg/dL) 2.6
Standard Deviation 2.0
Geometric Mean (μg/dL) 2.2
Geometric Standard Deviation 1.7
Number Percentage
Children’s blood lead > 5 μg/dL 13 9%
Children’s blood lead > 10 μg/dL 3 2%
Children’s blood lead > 15 μg/dL 0 0%
![Page 22: Bunker Hill Superfund Site 2014 Blood Lead Levels...•A blood lead test is the best tool for identifying lead exposure . Box. Box Remedial Action Objectives • No more than 5% of](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042420/5f37107cc6f460693a2fea32/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
2018 Blood Lead Summary Statistics: Box (other non-eligible participants*)
Total Number of Participants (N) 58
Minimum (μg/dL) <1.9
Maximum (μg/dL) 9
Average (μg/dL) 1.6
Standard Deviation 1.0
Geometric Mean (μg/dL) 1.5
Geometric Standard Deviation 1.3
Number Percentage
Children’s blood lead > 5 μg/dL 1 2%
Children’s blood lead > 10 μg/dL 0 0%
Children’s blood lead > 15 μg/dL 0 0%
*age 7-83 years
![Page 23: Bunker Hill Superfund Site 2014 Blood Lead Levels...•A blood lead test is the best tool for identifying lead exposure . Box. Box Remedial Action Objectives • No more than 5% of](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042420/5f37107cc6f460693a2fea32/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Basin
![Page 24: Bunker Hill Superfund Site 2014 Blood Lead Levels...•A blood lead test is the best tool for identifying lead exposure . Box. Box Remedial Action Objectives • No more than 5% of](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042420/5f37107cc6f460693a2fea32/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Basin Remedial Action Objectives
• Reduce exposures to soils with concentrations greater than risk-based
levels
• Lead: ≥ 700 mg/kg
• Arsenic: ≥ 100 mg/kg
• Reduce exposures to lead in house dust
• Cumulative exposures do not exceed USEPA’s health risk goals
• Lead: <5% chance that a typical child at an individual residence does not exceed 10
µg/dL
![Page 25: Bunker Hill Superfund Site 2014 Blood Lead Levels...•A blood lead test is the best tool for identifying lead exposure . Box. Box Remedial Action Objectives • No more than 5% of](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042420/5f37107cc6f460693a2fea32/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Percent of Children with Blood Lead Levels ≥10 µg/dL, Box and Basin, 1988-2018
![Page 26: Bunker Hill Superfund Site 2014 Blood Lead Levels...•A blood lead test is the best tool for identifying lead exposure . Box. Box Remedial Action Objectives • No more than 5% of](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042420/5f37107cc6f460693a2fea32/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Basin Blood Lead Levels by Year, 1996-2018
![Page 27: Bunker Hill Superfund Site 2014 Blood Lead Levels...•A blood lead test is the best tool for identifying lead exposure . Box. Box Remedial Action Objectives • No more than 5% of](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042420/5f37107cc6f460693a2fea32/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
2018 Blood Lead Summary Statistics: Basin (age 0-6)
Total Number of Children (N) 88
Minimum (μg/dL) <1.9
Maximum (μg/dL) 9.0
Average (μg/dL) 2.4
Standard Deviation 1.6
Geometric Mean (μg/dL) 2.0
Geometric Standard Deviation 1.7
Number Percentage
Children’s blood lead > 5 μg/dL 6 7%
Children’s blood lead > 10 μg/dL 0 0%
Children’s blood lead > 15 μg/dL 0 0%
![Page 28: Bunker Hill Superfund Site 2014 Blood Lead Levels...•A blood lead test is the best tool for identifying lead exposure . Box. Box Remedial Action Objectives • No more than 5% of](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042420/5f37107cc6f460693a2fea32/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
2018 Blood Lead Summary Statistics: Basin (other non-eligible participants*)
Total Number (N) 33
Minimum (μg/dL) <1.9
Maximum (μg/dL) 10
Average (μg/dL) 2.0
Standard Deviation 2.0
Geometric Mean (μg/dL) 1.6
Geometric Standard Deviation 1.6
Number Percentage
Blood lead > 5 μg/dL 2 6%
Blood lead > 10 μg/dL 1 3%
Blood lead > 15 μg/dL 0 0%
*age 7 - 70 years
![Page 29: Bunker Hill Superfund Site 2014 Blood Lead Levels...•A blood lead test is the best tool for identifying lead exposure . Box. Box Remedial Action Objectives • No more than 5% of](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042420/5f37107cc6f460693a2fea32/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
2017 vs. 2018
• Temperatures were on average 3 to 5 degrees cooler throughout the summer months
• Median river flows at Cataldo and Elizabeth Park were on average over 100 cfs lower in 2018
• Additional education was provided to middle school and high school age individuals
• New and additional health signs have been installed
![Page 30: Bunker Hill Superfund Site 2014 Blood Lead Levels...•A blood lead test is the best tool for identifying lead exposure . Box. Box Remedial Action Objectives • No more than 5% of](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042420/5f37107cc6f460693a2fea32/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: Bunker Hill Superfund Site 2014 Blood Lead Levels...•A blood lead test is the best tool for identifying lead exposure . Box. Box Remedial Action Objectives • No more than 5% of](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042420/5f37107cc6f460693a2fea32/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Environmental Science & Health Fair sponsored by PHD, DEQ, and the University of Idaho April 11, 2019 at the Kellogg Community Center
![Page 32: Bunker Hill Superfund Site 2014 Blood Lead Levels...•A blood lead test is the best tool for identifying lead exposure . Box. Box Remedial Action Objectives • No more than 5% of](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042420/5f37107cc6f460693a2fea32/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Bunker Hill Box Average Blood Lead: 1974-2018