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Bureau. of. Economic. Geology. APPLICATIONS OF 3-D SEISMIC TO EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF CARBONATE RESERVOIRS: SOUTH COWDEN GRAYBURG FIELD, WEST TEXAS. Stephen C. Ruppel, Yong-Joon Park, and F. Jerry Lucia Bureau of Economic Geology - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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BureauofEconomic
Geology
APPLICATIONS OF 3-D SEISMIC TO EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT
OF CARBONATE RESERVOIRS: SOUTH COWDEN GRAYBURG FIELD, WEST TEXAS
Stephen C. Ruppel, Yong-Joon Park, and F. Jerry Lucia
Bureau of Economic GeologyThe John A. and Katherine G. Jackson School of Geosciences
The University of Texas at Austin
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BureauofEconomic
Geology
GEOLOGIC SETTING
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MAJOR GRAYBURG RESERVOIRS
Permian Basin
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Geology
0 50 mi FT. STOCKTON
APACHE MTS
GUADALUPE MTS
CARLSBAD
N MEXTEXAS
1 2
3
4
5
6
7
89
10
13
14
15
DiabloPlatform
SIERRA DIABLO
11
12
16
N
Delaware
Basin
Midland
Basin
9
COWDEN NORTH
FOSTER
WADDELL
DUNE
MCELROY
BIG LAKE
WORLD
OLSON
FARMER
SOUTH COWDEN
78
10111213141516
9
GRAYBURG-JACKSON
VACUUM
EUNICE-MONUMENT
KEYSTONE
MABEE
MIDLAND FARMS
123456
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GRAYBURG STRUCTURESouth Cowden Field
GLORIETA PLATFORM MARGIN
WELLS
CORED WELLS
16
1100
'
0 5000'
1500
'
1500'
43
1700'
37
CI = 50'
47
48
42
1
2
11
12
13
14
7
17
18
9
8
5
4
6
44
45
41
N
-1000' to -1450'
-1450' to -1600'
> 1600'
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SEQUENCE ARCHITECTUREGrayburg Formation, South Cowden Field
Seq. boundary
High-freq. cycleTidal flat
Siltstone
Grain-dom. pack/gnstn
Fusulinid wackestone
Pel./skel. wacke/pkstn
QueenFm.
SanAndresFm.
Q1
Guad13
G4
G3
G2
G1
W E
2000
50 ft
00
ft
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Geology
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N
0
0 5000 ft
1500 m
L arg e-s c ale an h y d r i te rem o v al ;c a lc i t e-l in ed v u g s
A ltered an h yd r i tean d g yp su m
No d u lar, p o ik i lo to p ic an dv o id -f i l l in g an h y d r i t e
Co r ed w el l s
O /W c o n t ac t
SULFATE DIAGENESISSouth Cowden Grayburg Reservoir
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Geology
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ANHYDRITE DISSOLUTION Grayburg Formation, South Cowden Field
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PATTERNS OF SULFATE DIAGENESISSouth Cowden Grayburg Reservoir
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Geology
0
0
5000 ft
1000 m
Partly altered sulfate, good perm.Sulfate absent, highest perm.
Abundant sulfate, low perm.
High frequency sequenceCycle
200
00
60
ftm
No. 13-11 No. 9-17No. 8-12
No. 6-16
No. 6-20
O/W (-1850)
No. 7-1
No. 12-1
No. 7-4
Queen
Grayburg
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DISTRIBUTION OF PORE TYPESAND PERMEABILITY
Permeability
OWC
kh < 100
kh 100 - 500
kh 500 - 1000
kh > 1000
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Geology
Pore Types
OWC
PILLARS
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Permeability
OWC
PILLARS
kh < 100
kh 100 - 500
kh 500 - 1000
kh > 1000
Cumulative Production
< 100 Mbbl
100-500 Mbbl
> 1000 Mbbl
500-1000 Mbbl
OWC
PERMEABILITY AND PRODUCTION TRENDS
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UNDERPRODUCED AREAS
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Geology
3-D INTERPRETATION OF STRUCTURAL SETTING
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SOUTH COWDEN FIELD STRUCTURETop Grayburg
1 mile
- 650 ms
- 700 ms
- 750 ms
- 800 ms
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Geology
Moss Unit
South Cowden Unit
OWC
Two-way Travel Time
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Yates
Queen
Grayburg
U San Andres
NW SE
Clear Fork
500 ms
1000 ms
3-D SEISMIC STRATIGRAPHY South Cowden Field
1 mileBureau
ofEconomic
Geology
L
M
Lowstand wedge
Glorieta platform margin
Moss Unit survey South Cowden survey
Grayburg reservoir
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- 650 ms
- 750 ms
- 850 ms
- 1050 ms
- 950 ms
- 600 ms
- 650 ms
- 700 ms
- 800 ms
- 750 ms
OWC
Moss Unit
S. Cowden Unit
Foster Unit
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DEVELOPMENT OF RESERVOIR STRUCTURE
Top Clear Fork Structure Top Grayburg Structure
2 miles
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BureauofEconomic
Geology
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BureauofEconomic
Geology
3-D DELINEATION OF RESERVOIR POROSITY
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600 ms
700 ms
800 ms
SEISMIC RESOLUTION OF RESERVOIR POROSITYAmplitude
San Andres
Grayburg
MainPay
Zone
Queen
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Geology
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700 ms
800 ms
1 mile
GR DT
16-3A Grayburg
San Andres
HORIZON SLICING OF RESERVOIR INTERVAL
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Geology
W E
- 5ms-10ms-15ms-20ms
Queen
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MAP OF SEISMIC AMPLITUDE
Maximum Negative Amplitude20 ms window
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2 mile
strong
weak
OWC
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NEGATIVE AMPLITUDE ARCHITECTURE
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+
_
700 ms
800 ms
GR GRDT DTNW SE
San Andres
Grayburg
Queen
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COMPARISON OF SEISMIC AMPLITUDE AND CALCULATED PERMEABILITY
Negative Amplitude (20 ms)
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2 mile
Permeability
OWC
kh < 100
kh 100 - 500
kh 500 - 1000
kh > 1000
strong
weak
OWC
PILLARS
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COMPARISON OF SEISMIC AMPLITUDE AND CUMULATIVE OIL PRODUCTION
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2 mile
Negative Amplitude (20 ms) Cumulative Production
< 100 Mbbl
100-500 Mbbl
> 1000 Mbbl
500-1000 Mbbl
OWCstrong
weak
OWC
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Geology
CONCLUSIONS
• 3-D seismic data are a valuable compliment to wireline data in defining the structural setting and distribution of reservoir properties in the South Cowden Grayburg field.
• 3-D data illustrate that the field owes its development to the deposition of a lowstand progradational wedge during the middle San Andres.
• Regional data suggest that such progradational wedges may be common along the margin of the Central Basin platform where they provide the structural underpinnings for reservoir development.
• Simple amplitude extraction provides an excellent image of phih and kh distribution which can be used to guide future field exploitation.