1

U.S. Department of CommerceRogers C. Morton, Secretary

James L. Pate, Assistant Secretaryfor Economic Affairs

BUREAU OF THE CENSUSVincent P. Barabba, Director

BUREAU OF THE CENSUSVincent P. Barabba, DirectorRobert L. Deputy Director

James W. Turbitt, Associate Director for FieldOperations and User Services

DATA USER SERVICES DIVISIONMichael G. Garland, Chief

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Preparation of this edition wasunder the direction of

William LernerChief, Statistical Compendia Sta f f

The bicentennial edition of Historical Statistics of the UnitedStates i s the third in the series o f volumes inaugurated in 1949.In both form and content, the bicentennial edition has drawnheavily from, and built upon, the two prior editions. Both thefirst volume, Historical Statistics of the United States, 7789 to1945, issued in 1949, and the second volume, HistoricalStatistics of the United States, Colonial Times to issuedin 1960, were prepared by the Bureau of the Census with thecooperation of the Social Science Research CouncilAlthough the SSRC did not participate in the preparation ofthe bicentennial edition, i t s cooperation in the first twovolumes was invaluable in establishing those volumes as thebasis for continuing work in the field of historical statistics,Similarly, the many individuals and agencies who madeimportant and distinctive contributions to the first twovolumes were instrumental in the preparation of the presentone. Immediately following the table of contents, therefore, are reprinted the "official roster and credits" pages from thefirst two volumes. Also, incorporated within the "Acknowledg-ments for Chapter Contributions," under the t i t l e o f eachedition, are the credits to contributors as they appeared in thefirst two volumes.

Analytical review and editing of text tables was primarilythe responsibility of Helen E. Teir, Assistant Chief, StatisticalCompendia Staff, Data User Services Division. During the period January 1972 to June 1973, D. Beynon was pri-marily responsible for obtaining the cooperation and assistanceof the many subject consultants and for immediate supervision of compilation operations. Suzanne L. Worth assisted Mrs.Beynon and, from July 1973 to November 1974, was re-sponsible for working with consultants and for supervisionof the technical and clerical staff. Alma Butler, assisted byKay Swenson, was responsible for final editing and preparation

of manuscript for the printer. The Census Library, DorothyKaufman, Chief, also lent valuable assistance.

T h e cooperation of the many contributors to this andto the prior editions i s gratefully acknowledged. Following thepractice established by the prior editions, every data series shown in this volume is, to the extent possible,identified by source as to issuing agency and/or individualauthor, publication t i t le , publisher, and date of issue.Frequently all five items are shown; frequently addlitional information i s given.

Except for material specified in source citations as"copyright," the tables and text in this volume bereproduced a t will. Appropriate reference to this (seecitation below) for material reproduced would be appreciatedsince it may be helpful t o users of such material. Permission t oreproduce copyrighted material should be obtained directlyfrom the copyright owner.

September 1975

For Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data, see p. A-32.

Suggested Citation

US. Bureau of the CensusHistorical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1970,Bicentennial Edition, Part 2Washington, D.C., 1975

For sale by the Superintendent of DocumentsGovernment Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402

Price $26 per 2 part set (Sold only in sets)Stock Number 003-024-00120-9

Part 1

Part 2

Page

viiixi

14487

121183215284332423449526

A-4A-10

viiixi

652703775811834

943968

10671162

A-4A-10

Numbers in parentheses following subjects are series numbers]

Acknowledgmentsfor Chapter Contributions--Introduction--- _ _ _ _ _ _Population-- _ _ _ -- --

Area and population (A race, and age(A 23-42 and A and rural placesand population (A (AMedian age (A status (A171)-Regions (A (ALand area of States and territories (AStandard metropolitan statistical areas (A

and families (Amates of institutions (A 359-371).

Vital Statistics and Health and Medical Care

A.

B.VITALSTATISTI

Live births, deaths, marriages, and divorces 1-4)-Birth and reproduction rates (Btility trends (B expectancy

rates (B anddivorce rates (B 214-220).

Health care expenditures and price indexes (Bdentists, nurses, and medical,

dental, and nursing schoolsportable disease rates (B andbeds admissions and use(B expense, insurance, finan-ces, and personnel (B hospitals(B consumption indexes (B

of water systems (B 453-459).

HEALTH AND MEDICAL CARE

C. MigrationINTERNAL MIGRATION

Native population (C migra-tion population (CMobility status and type (C 81-88).

Immigrants by country, occupation, and age (Cquota, and aliens admitted, deported,

and naturalized (C statusby country of origin

arrivals and departures

XNTBRNATIONAL MIGRATION AND NATURALIZATION--

(C 296-331).

D. LaborLABOR

Components (D of population(D workers, by sex, by State (D

force, by age and sex (DPercent of population (DFemale labor force (D workers, byage, sex, and occupation (Dment (D by hours andmajor industry 116-151 and D

distribution of workers (DMajor occupation groups, by sex and detailedoccupation (D 182-682).

Output, man-hours, compensation, and labor costindexes (D earnings of selectedworkers (D and hours in se-lected industries supplements

in selected occupations union membership (D

stoppages (Dturnover frequencyrates (D 1029-1036).

EARNINGS, HOURS, AND WORKING CONDITIONS-

Pageviii

xi1

44

65

87

97

121

146

ChapterPrices and Price Indexes

Price deflatorsfor grossnational productWholesale price indexes (Eprices of selected commodities (E

price indexes (E in-dexes (E prices of selected(E price indexes of electricity,gas, and fuel (E indexes (E 214).

F. National Income WealthNATIONAL PRODUCT AND

Gross and net national product and personal in-come (F rates of gross national prod-uct and output per employee (F 10-16 and F 31)--Per capita income and product for selected items(F and net national product incurrent and constant prices (Fof national product, income, and saving (F

income, by type (FNational income, by sector and legal form of or-ganization of aggregatepayments (F income, by indus-trial origin (F added by selectedindustries, and value of output of fixed capital

income and persons engagedin production (F income andoutlay (F income, by States

NATIONAL WEALTH AND SAVINGNational assets (Fsheet (F wealth 422-469)--Private capital stocks (Fbusiness capital (F capital(F of structures and equipment(F saving 540-551)--Sources and uses of gross saving (F

and personal saving (F

Value of input-output transactions, by industryrequirements per dollar of gross

output (F composition perdollar of purchases, by final demand categories (IF

INPUT-OUTPUT STRUCTURE OF THE ECONOMY-

720-723).G. Consumer Income and Expenditures

FAMILY AND INDIVIDUAL Distribution of families and unrelated individuals, by income levels (G of incomeof families and unrelated individuals ranked byfifths according to income received Distribution of families ranked by fifths accordingto income received (G and me-dian money income of families and unrelated indi-viduals (G of individuals,families, and income, by income levels (G-Number and size of families, number of un-attached individuals, and family income before and after Federal income tax (G income received by fifth and top 5 percent offamilies and individuals (G ofselected incomes received by top 1 percent and 5percent of population (G moneywage or salary income for specified recipients353-415).

CONSUMER EXPENDITURE PATTERNSPersonal consumption expenditures, by type ofproduct (G of city wageand clerical families of 2 or more persons (G

of all families of 2 or morepersons in cities of 2,500 and over 602-696)--Expenditures of farm families (G 697-797)--

Page183

215

246

268

284

306

DET'AILED CONT'ENTS

Ch

H.

J.

Expenditures of families and single consumers com-bined (G marketings and

indexes. and nutrients availablevalue of city diets (G

Food used at home, and per capita consumption(G 866-915).

Social StatisticsSOCIAL SECURITY AND WELFARE..

Welfare expenditures under public programsand payrolls, benefits and bene-

ficiaries, under insurance and related pro-grams survivors, disability,and health insurance, and insurance trust fund (H

service and railroad retirementpension and deferred profit-

sharing plans in-surance and workmen's compensation 305-345)-Public and old-age assistance (HChild health and welfare services Vocational rehabilitation (Hphilanthropy 398-411).

Kindergarten, elementary and secondary school enrollment, and children 'in special programs (H

of public elementary andsecondary schools and private schools 486-519)-Public elementary and secondary school attend-ance and staff transportation(H elementary and secondaryschools (H secondary school en-rollment in specified subjects (HFederally aided vocational programs (HSchool retention rates and high school graduates(H of school completed, by race,sex, and age of males 25years and over, by years of school completed

ofhigher education (H

EDUCATION-

RELIGIOUS AFFILIATION Church denominations, members, and edifices

of religious bodies 805).

National parks, monuments, and allied areas (Huse of national forest lands

(H and local park and recreationareas (H activities andexpenditures (H andtravel t o foreign countries, and passports (H

visitors t o the United States (H

RECREATION

941-951).CRIME AND CORRECTION-

Crimes and crime ratesand suicides (H officers killed

arrestedinal justice system, expendituresLawyers (€1 courts (H

schools, detention homes, andFederal and State institutionsExecutions and lynchings (H

Land, Water, and Climate LAND AND WATER UTILIZATION-

Territorial expansion and public domainVacant lands and disposal of public lands (JIndian lands land sales andgrants (J from public land (J

on national forest and public-domainlands (J and gas leases ofdomain lands utilization andownership drainage and irrigation(J use and water wells (J 92-109).

Temperature, precipitation, and description of yearfor climatological stations (Jture and precipitation for long-record city stations(J floods, and tropicalcyclones (J

Page ChaK.

332

360

L.

389

393

407

423

436

pterAgriculture

Population, farms, acreage, and valuePopulation, farms, acreage, value, and productssold, by State (K operator charac-teristics (K acreage, and value, by tenure of operator (Kfarms and land, by size offarms (K wages, and man-hour indexes and equip-ment, fertilizer and lime (Kcooperatives (K 195-203).

Balance sheet of the sectorGross farm product (K andimports (K expenses,

and Government payments Commodity Credit Corporation 330-343Price indexes, parity ratios, and farm-to-retail price spreads farm value,and marketing bill for farm food products pur-chased by civilians debt,loans, interest, and property taxesNon-real-estate loans and deposit indexes383).

Supply and utilization of farm commoditiesof agricultural raw materials

40 measures 407-495).

Acreages of harvested crops, and cropland indexes (K production, price, andstocks for specified crops (Kmeat production, dairying, and poultry 623).

AGRICULTURAL INCOME AND FINANCES--

FARM PRODUCTIVITY

CROPS AND LIVESTOCK

Forestry and Fisheries FORESTS AND FOREST PRODUCTS

Forest land and timber (L forestsystem areas, timber cut, receipts, and payments (L distribution and managementprograms (L control expenditures, forest Ares, and burned areas (Lmaterials and timber production, trade, and con-sumption (L production and con-sumption, and trade in lumber (LPlywood, pulpwood, woodpulp, paper and board,turpentine, and rosinsummary product prices and price indexes (L inbased industries (L 212-223).

FISHERIESYield and value (L and value of landed catches fishing craft, and establishmentsLanded catches of principal species Consumption of products (L

of catch, production and imports, and spongesales received by fishermen

and value of processedfishery products obtainedand whale production (L 369-370).

Minerals-Summary of operations (M ofproducts, imports, exports, and consumption

indexes (Mproduction and consumption (Mtuminous coal anthra-cite natural gas, and petroleum products (M

andfatalities working and man-hours worked (M 287-306).

Appendix: Contributors to ThisTime Period IndexSubject

Page

449

471

498

503

526

504

A-4A-10

Replica of“Official Roster andCredits Page” from

Statisticsof the United States, Colonial Times to 1957

ROBERT W. BURGESS, DirectorA. Ross Eckler, Director

Howard C. Grieves, Assistant DirectorConrad Taeuber, Assistant Director

Morris H. Hansen, Assistant Director Statistical StandardsLowell T. Galt, Assistant Director Operations

Walter L. Kehres, Assistant Director for AdministrationCalvert L. Dedrick, Chief, International Statistical Programs

A. W. von Struve, Acting Public InformationHERMAN P. MILLER, Historical Project Director

This volume stems from a joint interest the Bureau of the as executive secretary of the Committee on Historical Statistics,Census and the Social Science-Research It was planned,assembled, edited, and published by the Bureau, with the adviceand assistance of the Committee on Historical Statistics appointed by the Council. Many other individuals and agencies cooperatedand made significant contributions to this project. General acknowl-edgments for each chapter are presented on p. VII; other acknowledg-ments frequently appear in the text discussions of the various chap-ters.

The volume was prepared in the Bureau of the Census under thegeneral direction of Edwin D. Goldfield, Chief, Statistical ReportsDivision. Herman P. Miller served as the Project Director and wasprimarily responsible for the planning, organizing, and supervising

handled liaison matters for the Committee, and participated in itsselection of experts to serve as consultants. 0. Halbertacted as staff assistant.

Morris B. Ullman, who supervised the preparation of thevolume, Historical Statistics of the United States, 945, wasresponsible for planning during the early stages of the project.

William Lerner, Assistant Chief, Statistical Reports Division, wasprimarily responsible for the planning and supervising of thetion aspects of the volume and for the review and editing of the textand tables. Dorothy M. was responsible for the tabularpresentation of the data and preparation of the material for theprinter. The Census Library Branch, Louise H. Clickner, Chief, also

of aspects of the compilation of the data. Dr. Miller also served lent valuable assistance.

Science Research CouncilThe Committee on Historical Statistics appointed by the Social

Science Research Council participated actively in the preparation ofthis volume, in the extension of the subjects to be added, and in plan-ning the general procedures for securing expert assistance on eachsubject. As the project was developed the Committee, especiallythe Chairman, was primarily responsible for consideration of prob-

lems of data selection and format, for general appraisal of the qualityof the series suggested for inclusion, and for the selection of consultant-specialists for the various subjects. The Committee as a whole, orthrough specially qualified members, reviewed the plans for inclusionof specific series and discussed areas of study which presented unusualproblems.

Committee on Historical Statistics of the Social Science Research Council (Advisory to the Bureau of the Census)

G. Heberton Evans, Jr., ChairmanChairman of Department of Political Economy

The Johns Hopkins University

Herman P. Miller, SecretaryBureau of the Census

Otis Dudley Duncan Maurice I. Gershenson Willard Thorp

Research and Training Center State of California EconomicsAssociate Director of Population

The University of Chicago

Director of Research Director of Elections Research Professor of EconomicsNational Bureau of Economic Governmental Institute Northwestern University

Paul Webbink, Vice President, Social Science Research Council, attended Committee meetings and acted as the Council’s

Department of Industrial Relations Director of Merrill Center for

College

Solomon Fabricant Richard M. Scammon Harold F. Williamson

Research,

representative. Stanley Lebergott, Officeof Statistical Standards, Bureau of the Budget, also participated in the meetings.

Replica of“Official Roster andCredits Page” fromHisto atof the United States,

! The Social Science Research Council Committee on the Source Book of Historical Statistics(Advisory to the Bureau of the Census)

J. Frederic Dewhurst (Chairman), The Twentieth Century Fund

C. CAPT, DirectorPHILIP M. Deputy DirectorA. Ross ECKLER, Assistant Director

HOWARD C. GRIEVES, AssistantMORRIS H. Statistical Assistant to the Director

I ROBERT PHILLIPS, Executive Assistant to the Director L. DEDRICK, Coordinator, International Statistics

FRANK R. Information Assistant to the Director

While this volume has been planned, assembled, and edited in the Bureau of the Census, with the advice and assistance of theSocial Science Research Council, many other individuals andagencies contributed t o its preparation, directly and indirectly. I nsome instances, individuals devoted themselves full-time for theperiod necessary to complete their phase of the project. I n otherinstances, contributions were prepared by individuals while theymaintained heavy responsibilities in their own offices. A numberof private publishers, authors, and research organizations gen-erously granted permission to use their materials. In some cases, they also made additional contributions in time and energy.General acknowledgments for each chapter are given on p.other specific acknowledgments appear within the text in thevarious sections of the volume.

This volume was prepared in the office of Morris H. Hansen,Statistical Assistant to the Director of the Bureau of the Census,

under the supervision of Morris B. Chief, Statistical Re-ports Section, b y Bruce Jenkinson, A. Benjamin Handler, andWilliam Lerner. Mr. Chief, Statistical Abstract Unit, was primarily responsible for the planning and preparation ofreport; Mr. Handler, Executive Secretary of the Social Science Research Council Committee on the Source Book of HistoricalStatistics, was primarily responsible for procurement of data andrelationships with the agencies and individuals who contributedto the publication; and Mr. Lerner, Statistician, Statistical Ab-stract Unit, was primarily responsible for the review and editingof the materials as to content, adequacy, and coverage.

Dorothy M. acted as staff assistant, particularly withrespect to tabular presentation, and was responsible for prepara-tion of the materials for the printer. Claire F. checked allcitations by reference to the original published sources and offeredmany constructive suggestions as t o the content of the book.

Social Science Research CouncilThe Social Science Research Council Committee on the Source

Book of Historical Statistics, Advisory to the Bureau of the Cen-sus, played an important role in the preparation of this volume.The Chairman of the Committee and its members gave consider-able time and thought t o the review of plans, to advising on propercourses of action, and contributed in other ways. In particular,Frederic Dewhurst, Chairman, was in a large measure responsiblefor the initiation of the project. The completed volume owesmuch

to his original outline of purpose, coverage, and arrangement. Fora detailed statement of the origins of this historical volume, seeintroductory text.

Through a grant by the Committee on Research in EconomicHistory (Arthur H. Cole, Chairman) of the Social Science Research Council, the full-time services of the Executive Secretary of theAdvisory Committee were made available t o the Bureau of theCensus.

I

Clough

Arthur H. Cole

Morris A.

Ernest Griffith

Edward P. Hutchinson

Columbia University

Harvard University

National Bureau of Economic Research

The Library of Congress

University of Pennsylvania

Stacy May

Walter Mitchell, Jr.

Amos E. Taylor

Harold Williamson

A. Benjamin Handler (Executive Secretary)

International Basic Economy Corp.

Controllers Institute of America

Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce

Northwestern University

Social Science Research Council

R. H. Coats, University of Toronto, attended meetings of the Committee as a representative of the Social ScienceResearch Council of Canada

I

Chapter A. Population

Historical Statistics , , .Colonial Times toConsultant-Philip M. University of ChicagoMajor contributor-Campbell Gibson, Population Division, Bu-

Historical Statistics . , . Colonial Times to 1957

reau of the Census

Principal consultant-Population Division, Bureau of the CensusReview consultant-Irene B. Taeuber, Princeton University Other contributor-Donald S. Akers, Bureau of the Census

Historical . . .Material on population prepared by Bureau of the Census staff.

Chapter B. Statistics and Health and Medical Care

Historical Statistics. . .Colonial Times to 1970

VITAL STATISTICS Consultant-IreneB. Taeuber, Princeton University Major contributors-Wilson Grabill, Bureau of the Census;

Michael J. Zugzda, National Center for Health Statistics

HEALTH AND MEDICAL CAREConsultant-Herbert E. New York University

Historical Statistics . ..Colonial Times to 1957

Principal consultant-Robert D. Grove, National Office of Vital

Review consultant-Irene B. Taeuber, Princeton University Other contributors-Joseph Schachter and Mildred L.

National Office of Vital Statistics; Wilson H. Grabill, Bureauof the Census

VITAL STATISTICS

Statistics

HEALTH AND MEDICAL CAREPrincipal consultant-Maryland Y.Pennell, Public Health ServiceReview consultant-Antonio Ciocco, University of Pittsburgh

Historical . ..Basic text and series on vital statistics supplied by National Office

of Vital Statistics, Public Health Service, Federal Security Agency.

Basic text and series on health supplied by Division of Public Health Methods, Office of the Surgeon General, Public Health Service,Federal Security Agency.

Basic text and series on nutrition supplied by Bureau of HumanNutrition and Home Economics and Bureau of AgriculturalEconomics, Department of Agriculture.

Chapter C. Migration

Historical Statistics .. .Colonial Times toConsultant-Henry S. Shryock, Jr., Georgetown University

* See also Appendix, A-1.

Historical Statistics . . . Colonial Times to 1957INTERNAL MIGRATIONPrincipal consultants-Everett S. Lee and Dorothy S. Thomas,

University of PennsylvaniaReview consultant-Irene Taeuber, Princeton UniversityOther contributor-Anne S. Lee, University of Pennsylvania

Principal consultant-Edward P. Hutchinson, University of

Review consultant-Niles Carpenter, The University of BuffaloOther contributors-Helen F. Eckerson and Gertrude D.

Historical Statistics , .Material on internal migration, citizenship, and country of birth

prepared by Bureau of the Census staff.Basic text and series for immigration, emigration, and naturalization

supplied by Mrs. Helen F. Eckerson, Supervisor of the Statis-tics Section, Division of Research and Education, Immigration and Naturalization Service, Department of Justice.

INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION AND NATURALIZATION

sylvania

Immigration and Naturalization Service

Chapter D. Labor

Historical Statistics . . .Colonial Times to 1970Consultant-Stanley Lebergott, Wesleyan University

Historical Statistics . , .Colonial Times to 1957LABOR FORCEPrincipal consultant-Seymour L. Wolfbein, Bureau of Labor Statis-

Review consultant-Clarence D. Long, The Johns Hopkins Universitytics

HOURS, WAGES, AND WORKING CONDITIONSPrincipal consultants-H. Gregg Lewis and Albert Rees, The Uni-

Review consultant-Harry M. Douty, Bureau of Labor Statisticsversity of Chicago

Historical Statistics ..Material on labor force prepared by Bureau of the Census staff.Basic text and series on wages and working conditions largely sup-

plied by Bureau of Labor Statistics, Department of Labor,Margaret H. Schoenfeld, Economic Editor, coordinating,,

Chapter E. Prices and Price Indexes

Historical Statistics . . . Colonial Times toConsultant-Irving B. University of Pennsylvania

Historical Statistics , . .Colonial Times to 1957Principal consultant-Ethel D. Hoover, Bureau of Labor Statistics Review consultants-Arthur H. Cole, Harvard University; Geoffrey

H. Moore, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.

Historical Statistics , .,1789-1945Basic text and series supplied by Prices and Cost of Living Branch,

Bureau of Labor Statistics, Department of Labor.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS FOR CHAPTER CONTRIBUTIONS

Chapter F. National Income and Wealth

Historical Statistics . . .Colonial Times to

NATIONAL PRODUCT AND INCOME; NATIONAL WEALTH AND SAVING

Consultant-Edward F. The InstitutionMajor contributors-Nora E. Dollymore, Robert E. Graham, and

H. Young, Bureau of Economic Analysis; Raymond W.Goldsmith, Yale University; Stephen P. Taylor, Board ofGovernors of the Federal Reserve System

INPUT-OUTPUT STRUCTURE OF THE U.S. ECONOMY

Consultant-Albert J. Walderhaug, Bureau of Economic Analysis

Historical Statistics . . . Colonial to 1957Principal consultant-Richard Easterlin, University of Penn-

Review The Johns Hopkins University Other contributor-Raymond W. Goldsmith, National Bureau of

sylvania

Economic Research, Inc.

Statistics . . . 945Chapter prepared by Harlow D. Osborne, Economic Analyst, Na-

tional Income Division, Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Department of Commerce.

Chapter G. Consumer Income and Expenditure

Historical Statistics .. .Colonial Times toConsultant-Herman P. Miller, Temple UniversityMajor contributors-I-Ienry Aaron, The Brookings Institution; Roger

Statistics. . .Colonial Times to 1957

A. Bureau of the Census

FAMILY AND INDIVIDUAL INCOME

Principal cpnsultant-Selma F. Goldsmith, Office of Business Eco-

Review consultant-Dorothy S. Rrady, University of Pennsylvanianomics

CONSUMER EXPENDITURE PATTERNSPrincipal consultant-Faith M. Williams, Bureau of Labor StatisticsReview consultant--Rose D. Friedman, Chicago, Illinois Other contributors-Joseph A. Clorety, Anna-Stina L.

Helen H. Bureau of Labor Statistics; Marguerite C.Burk, Agricultural Marketing Service, and Jean Pennock,Agricultural Research Service

Chapter H. Statistics

Historical Statistics . . ,Colonial Times to 1970

SOCIAL SECURITY AND WELFAREConsultant-Ida C. Merriam, Social Security Administration Major contributor-Alfred M. Skolnik, Social Security Adminis-

tration

EDUCATION

Consultant-Abbott L. Emory University Major contributors-J. Fred Beamer and C. George Lind, Office of

Education

RELIGIOUS AFFILIATION

Consultant--Constant H. Jacquet, Jr., National Council of theChurches of Christ

RECREATION

Consultant-Marion Clawson, Resources for the Future, Inc.

CRIME AND CORRECTIONConsultants-Thorsten Sellin and Marvin E. Wolfgang, University

of PennsylvaniaMajor contributors-James A. Administrative of

the States Courts; Paul White, Law EnforcementAssistance Administration

Historical Statistics. . . Colonial Times to 1957

SOCIAL SECURITY AND WELFARE

Principal consultant-Ida C. Merriam, Social Security Administration Review consultant-Eveline M. Burns, Columbia UniversityOther contributor-George Rohrlich, Bureau of Employment Security

EDUCATION

Principal consultant-Emery M. Foster, Office of EducationReview Walker, Columbia University; John

Walton, The Johns Hopkins UniversityOther contributors-Henry G. Badger, W. Vance Grant, and Rose

Marie Smith, Office of Education; Charles B. Nam, Bureau of the Census

RELIGIOUS AFFILIATION

Principal consultant-Benson Y. National Council of theChurches of Christ in tho United States of America

Review Brunner, Columbia University

RECREATIONPrincipal consultant-Marion Clawson, Resources for the Future, Inc. Review consultant-Thomas Fichandler, The Twentieth Century

Other contributor-George D. Butler, National Recreation Associa-Fund

tion

CRIME AND CORRECTIONPrincipal consultant-Ronald H. California Department of

Review consultant-Thorsten Sellin, University of PennsylvaniaOther contributors-Benjamin Frank, Henry C. Lanpher, James A.

Justice, State of California

Bureau of Prisons

Chapter J. Land, Water, and Climate

Historical Statistics . . .Colonial Times l o 1970

LAND AND WATER UTILIZATION

Consultant-Marion Clawson, Resources for the Future, Inc.

CLIMATE

Consultant-George S. Benton, The Johns Hopkins UniversityMajor contributor-Harry National Climatic Center

Statistics . .. Colonial Times to 1967

LAND AND UTILIZATION

Principal consultants-Ernst and Hugh Agricultural Research Service; Walter L. Business and Defense Services Administration

Review consultant-M Clawson, Resources for the Future, Inc.

CLIMATB

Principal consultants-Helmut E. Landsberg and J. Murray Mitchell,

Review consultant-George S. Benton, The Johns Hopkins UniversityOther contributor-Milton L. Weather Bureau

Historical Statistics ., . 1Basic text and series on public lands supplied largely by Branch of

Research, Bureau of Land Management, Department of theInterior.

Basic text and series on land utilization supplied by Bureau of Agri-cultural Economics, Department of

Jr., Weather Bureau

CHAPTER CONTRIBUTIONS

Chapter K. Agriculture

Historical Statistics . ..Colonial Times 1970Consultant-Earl Department of AgricultureMajor contributors-J. Richard Grant, Department of Agriculture;

Arnold L. and Bureau of theCensus

Historical Statistics . . .Colonial Times lo 1957Principal consultant-Department of Agriculture (Earl E. Houseman,

Review consultant-Theodore W. The University of Chicago

Historical Statistics .. . 1789-19.45Basic text and series supplied by Bureau of Agricultural Economics

and Farm Credit Administration, Department of Agriculture,Robert M. Walsh, Special Assistant t o the Chief of the Bureauof Agricultural Economics, coordinating.

Coordinator)

Chapter L. Forestry and Fisheries

Historical Statistics . . .Colonial Times toFORESTS AND FOREST PRODUCTS

Consultant-Robert S. Michigan State UniversityMajor contributor-Dwight Hair, Forest Service

Consultant-Howard Horton, Oregon State UniversityMajor contributor-William Robinson, National Marine Fisheries

Service

Historical Statistics . ..Colonial Times to 1957

FORESTS AND FOREST PRODUCTS

Principal consultant-Dwight Hair, Forest ServiceReview consultant-WilliamA. Duerr, Syracuse University

FISHERIES

Principal consultant-Harvey L. Moore, Fish and Wildlife ServiceReview consultant-F. Bell, International Pacific

Other contributor-Edward A. Power, Fish and Wildlife ServiceCommission

Historical Statistics . . . 1789-1945Series on forestry supplied by Division of Forest Economics, Forest

Service, Department of Agriculture.Series of fisheries supplied by Statistical Section, Division of Com-

mercial Fisheries, Fish and Wildlife Service, Department ofthe Interior.

Chapter M. Minerals

Historical Statistics , . .Colonial Times to 1970Consultant-Vivian E. Spencer, University of Connecticut

Statistics, . ,Colonial Times to 1957Principal consultants-Sam H. Schurr and Elizabeth Vogely,

Review consultant-VivianE. Spencer, Bureau of theOther contributor-Robert E. Herman, Bureau of Mines

Resources for the Future, Inc.

Historical Statistics . . , 1789-1945Basic text and series on minerals supplied by Economics and Statistics

Branch, Bureau of Mines, Department of the Interior, HubertD. and F. Matthews, former and present editors of the Minerals Yearbook, coordinating.

X

This volume is the third the Historical Statistics series issuedby the Bureau of the Census as a supplement t o the annual StatisticalAbstract of the United States.

Statistics are a valuable adjunct to historical analysis, Theyoften clarify and enrich qualitative history and on occasion becomeimportant parts of a historical record on their own. However, usersof historical data are faced with the paradox of over-abundance andscarcity. A burdensome multiplicity of sources has frequently t o beconsulted in order to reconstruct one quantitative aspect of a par-ticular subject. Just as often, users are confronted by a discouraging barrenness of data, discoverable only after much costly work anddelay.

The objective of the Historical volumes is to provide aconvenient reference source which has two functions, andreferring. The collecting function consists of assembling, selecting, and arranging data from hundreds of sources and making them avail-able within a single source. The referring function consists of textannotations t o the data which act as a guide to sources of greaterdetail. The annotations also define terms used in the tables andinclude essential qualifying statements.

The first volume in this series, Historical Statistics theStates, 1789-1 published in 1949. It provided a wide rangeof series quantifying various aspects of the development of the Nation.An interim Continuation to 1951 was issued in 1954 to provide datafor 1946 to 1962 for the still-active series shown in the first volume.Limited resources confined the scope of the first volume to data mostreadily available, usually from governmental agency sources. Never-theless, some 3,000 statistical time series were presented.

Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1957,issued in 1960, represented a substantial expansion of the data shownin the original volume. It presented more than 8,000 time series,mostly annual, on a greater variety of subjects and for longer timeperiods. The statistics were also more fully annotated and more precise references to original sources were provided. For a greaternumber of series, in addition, there were more detailed descriptions ofthe development and reliability of the data. A Continuation loand Revisions was issued in 1965, presenting revisions of data in the basic volume and extensions t o 1962 of the more than 6,000 series still current a t that time.

Each of the first two volumes was prepared with the cooperation ofthe Social Science Research Council, the guidance of a distinguishedAdvisory Committee, and the assistance of numerous scholars, re-search analysts, and particular subject specialists. A descriptiontracing the development of the first two editions appears below under“Origin of Historical Statistics of the United States.”

During the latter the supply of copies of Statis-tics . . . to 1967 available for sale from the U.S. Superintendent ofuments was exhausted. The edition had already been through a cycleof five printings and a question was raised concerning the advisabilityof further printings in the light of a possible new edition. The ques-tion was timely. Experience with the first two editions and theirContinuation supplements had shown that a new edition was desirable a t 10 t o 12 year intervals. The Continuation supplements were a tbest handy stopgaps for researchers, a minimum seriously

in documentation. As each year lengthened the intervalbetween editions, the “convenience” value of both the Continuationto 1961 and its parent Historical Statistics. . , 1967 diminished.More and more time series were revised in part or entirely replaced.Further, the task for the user of updating the still active, unrevised,series became more burdensome despite the special efforts of the an-

nual Statistical Abstract t o maintain a direct linkage to as many his-torical series as possible in its current tables. As a result, a decisionwas made in 1969 to begin preparation of a new edition.

The plans for the new edition immediately encountered the prob-lem of funding and resources. It was clearly impractical a t thattime, given the available resources, t o consider undertaking a full-fledged new edition of Historical Statistics. The determination tomake a start, however, was very strong and more modest objectiveswere adopted. In effect, the early plans for the present edition proposed that it comprise little more than: An extension t o 1970of those series for which current data were available; (2) revisionsof data which had occurred since issuance of the Continuation loand (3) a reprinting of those series in Historical Statistics. . .which had not been affected by either updating or revisions. Notime span was specifically set down to complete the work because there was a clear understanding that it was a part-time staff project.

Two other aspects of this plan differed considerably from theprocedures followed for the last edition. For that edition, a largenumber of consultants were enlisted for their expertise in assemblingand developing new time series, reviewing and adjusting old timeseries, and providing explanatory and bibliographic notes for both.Although most of these consultants, especially those in Federalagencies, contributed their own and their agencies services withoutcompensation, many were compensated from funds provided by the Ford Foundation (by arrangement through the Science Re-search Council). For the new edition, given the limited resources, consultants’ contributions were recruited on a public service basisentirely. Partly for the same reason, it was decided not to revivethe collaboration of the Census Bureau with the Science Re-search Council which had proved so highly effective for the first two

Statistics editions. Even more convincing for the Bureaudecision to undertake the project alone was the solidity of the basewhich those editions now provided for the next edition. Seeking such collaboration again seemed unwarranted in the light of themodest objectives outlined above,

As the slowly progressed and a s the many consultants andcontributors gave generously of their knowledge and talent, it became clear that our objectives were too restrictive; that our contemplated mere updating would, if adhered to, have to ignore a large accumula-tion of new time series which were either ineligible for the last edition(at tha t time they covered a period of less than 20 years) or had notbeen discovered or properly developed prior to that edition. Thegradual accretion of new material plus the additions to old materialsubstantially changed the planned scope of the present edition. Whatfollows are some measures of the changes in content introduced in thepresent edition.

All of the broad subject fields shown as separate chapters in the last edition are included in this edition and follow the same sequence.

some of the chapters, however, chapter segments have beenregrouped into new subchapters (as in chapters K and X) and inothers, the sequence of the subchapters has been changed (as inchapters H, and U) to achieve minor improvements in the juxta-position of subjects.

In two chapters, two entirely new subchapters have been added:“Input-Output Structure of the US. Economy” to chapter and“Flow of Funds” t o chapter

The present edition presents more than 12,500 time series, apercent increase over the last edition. Every chapter has undergonesome expansion with respect to new time series. Chapter F, nationalincome and wealth, and chapter H, social statistics, doubled in

XI

INTRODUCTION

former from 723 and the latter from 543 toin chapter was largely due to newly-added

growth rates, greater detail than was previously and personal income, and data showing valuation

stocks. the largest increase in serieswhere the data for social insurance and welfare,

and correction reflect the great public attentionthese subjects in recent decades. Almost equally large took place for chapter K, agriculture, and chapter X, finan-

cial institutions (formerly banking and finance);chapterseries to 623; chapter X from 480 to 962. Partly to

accommodate the increase series, chapter has been subdividedparts. Most of the new series in chapter K relate to farm

population and farm-operator characteristics, farm marketings,government payments and price supports, and a number of newmeasures of farm productivity. For chapter X, the bulk of theincrease in series in the new flow-of-funds subchapter.

Several chapters now include for the first time a number of dataseries below the national level. In all, there are 13 new tables (com-prising in this category, 9 of which present data for theindividual States and 4 for either regions the South or the West) or the smaller geographic divisions New England, South Atlan-tic). Perhaps special interest among these tables are the series on population characteristics and land area for each State (Athose on selected items for farms and farm population by State (K17-81),those on voter participation in presidential elections by State

27-78), and those on population censuses taken in the coloniesand States during the colonial and pre-Federal period 24-132).

In addition, each of 4 chapters (D, G, and Z) includes at least200 or more new series and each of 10 chapters (A, B, L, N, P, S,T, U, V, and Y )includes 100 or more. A summary of selected new series included in each chapter is shown on p. XV.

One other important change is the reinstatement of a time periodindex (see p. A-4) which first appeared in Historical Statistics. . , ,1789 t o 19.45. The index enables users to identify quickly which timeseries (or statistics for particular subjects) begin in the specified10- or 20-year time segment 1800-1819, 1820-1839).

As a result of the complete review and updating of the contents ofthe last edition of Historical Statistics, many changes, apart fromthe entirely new series, have occurred in both the tables, the descrip-tive text, and the bibliographic notes. Most of the changes are dueto revisions and corrections made during the interval between thelast and present editions by the sources of the data affected. Whereusers of both editions become aware of discrepancies in what purportto be identical sets of data, it is safe to assume that the figures, de-scriptive text, and notes in the present edition supersede those in the last edition.

With rare exception, all of the series shown in the last edition arealso included here. 76 series were omitted. They were primarilydiscontinued series replaced on of consultants byother series of a similar or were considered of marginal importance

relatively weak in other respects. In one or two instances, spacewas also a factor.

Origin of Historical Statistics the United States

The first edition, Historical Statistics of the United States, 1945, was formally initiated by a recommendation in 1945 by the Social Science Research Council that the Secretary ofconsider compilation and publication by the Bureau of the Censusof a source book of economic statistics.

Earlier the same year, J. Dewhurst urged the developmentof an historical source book in a proposal to the American StatisticalAssociation and the American Economic Association. A joint com-mittee was named by these associations, joined by the EconomicHistory Association, to explore the practical problems of preparing

a volume. Dr. proposal coincided closely with

Bureau of the Census plans to prepare an historical supplement to theStatistical Abstract of the United Slates. The formal decision in 1945b y the Bureau of the Census to compile and publish such a volumeled to the reconstitution of the joint committee, which then becamethe Social Science Research Council Committee on the Source Book of Historical Statistics, Advisory to the Bureau of the Census.

After the first edition was issued i n June 1949, the Economic His-tory Association, in response t o a request from the of theCensus, appointed an advisory committee in September 1950 toevaluate the volume and to make specific recommendations the question of its revision. This committee, formally designated as the Committee of the Economic History Association on the Revi-sion of Historical Statistics of the United States, 1789-1 was underthe chairmanship of G. Evans, Jr., The Johns University, and included the following as members: Arthur Cole,Harvard University; Clough, Columbia University ; T. C.Cochran, University of Pennsylvania, and Solomon Na-tional Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. In April 1952 the com-mittee submitted a report to the Bureau of the Census entitled “Onthe Revision of Historical Statistics of the United States, 945.”The conclusions and comments presented in this report were subse-quently influential in getting underway the project for a revisedvolume.

For the second edition, Historical Statistics of the United States, Times to 1957,the Bureau designated a project director who

also acted as secretary of the Committee on Historical Statisticsappointed by the Social Science Research Council t o serve as anadvisory group similar t o the committee which participated in thepreparation of the first edition. The Census Bureau again assumedthe responsibility for publishing the volume as a part of its StatisticalAbstract program. The Social Science Research Council, in turn, obtained a grant from the Ford Foundation which provided fundsfor the procurement of services of experts in each field. More than125 such specialists were engaged to serve as TheCouncil also made arrangements with some of the consultants for t h epreparation of bibliographic essays on statistics in selected fields, fiveof which were subsequently published in the Journal of theSlatistical Association.

The Problem of Historical Statistics

The scattered sources of historical statistics of the United Statesinclude the annual reports of the executive heads of the ofthe Federal Government, reports of special Federal commissions, t h e

census volumes, printed debates of the Congress, publishedreports of committees of the Congress and transcripts of hearings onimportant legislative measures, published reports and docuinents ofthe State governments, statistical publications of private research organizations and of the universities and colleges of the Nation,together with the great mass of statistical volumes printed by otherprivate organizations and individuals.

It has been noted that on occasion compilers, desiring to save thetime and effort required to obtain data directly from the originalsources, make use of successive issues of the annual Statistical Abstractof the States t o construct long-term time series. The resultsof such a procedure are not always sound, since the space availablein the Statistical Abstract for describing major revisions in time seriesmay not permit adequate clarification. Of the many revised figures appearing in each issue, most revisions apply to the immediate preced-ing years, but revisions of earlier years are not uncommon,Moreover, the revisions shown have followed no systematic: patternand may be scattered irregularly over many issues.

Impediments to the use of historical statistics, then, include theinitial difficulty of determining whether the data in fact exist, ofidentifying the document in which the data may be found, of con-structing time series where the data may not be arranged in suitableform, and of identifying and interpreting changes in concept and

INTRODUCTION

coverage. Definitions employed in published historical tables, more-over, may have to be sought in separate publications if, indeed, theyhave been published a t all.

Technical Notes and Explanations

of the data. are arranged forlettered chapters and for more specific and detailedbered series within each chapter. To facilitate reference, subjectgroups are organized in summary form under chapter andtitles in the table of contents In addition, there is aalphabetical subject index A-10). The data are presented inconventional tabular form, each table comprising a group ofrelated series. Each series or tabular column is assigned a unique letter and number. The letter prefix identifies the chapter and the number represents the order of the series in the chapter. Thus the44th series the chapter on agriculture is designated 44 to dis-tinguish it from the 44th series in the chapter on transportation, QBecause of possible confusion with numerals, the capital letters I and0 have been omitted in identifying chapters. Source citations anddescriptive text material (see below) are to the data series byuse of the assigned series numbers.

All series begin with the most recent year for which data have been obtained run backward in time. This arrangement was selectedbecause i t lent itself to more compact, less space-consuming presenta-tion than the alternative of beginning with the earliest year. Insofaras possible, there are uniformly placed spaces above every year endingin 0 or 5 . No data are shown for years subsequent to 1970. Figuresfor later years for most of the current series are presented in theStatistical Abstract of the States beginning with the 1973edition.

Basic guidelines. The adopted for this edition t o aidCensus Bureau staff members, subject matter consultants, and other participants with respect to selection and presentation of the dataare quite similar to those of the last edition. As was the case then,however, the guidelines were not followed with complete rigidity. Attimes, scope, variety, and complexity of the data involved madeit necessary to modify the rules for the sake of clarity or internal con-sistency. The guidelines applied and the elements subject t o ap-plication are discussed below.

Except as otherwise specified, data genorally repre-sent conterminous United States or the 48 States (including theDistrict of Columbia) prior to the admission of Alaska andto statehood and the 50 States thereafter. Asterisks on individualtables or series indicate the first year for which the figures include

and Hawaii to the extent that their inclusion could be ascer-tained. For some series, especially in chapter K, the notes specifyinginclusion or exclusion of Alaska and appear in the text. Insome the sources used for data failed t o specify the area covered. Where practicable, the data were examined and the ap-propriate qualifications were added.

Because of limitations of space, data are not generally shown for regions, States, or localities. Some exceptions were permitted, how-ever, as noted above with respect to data for regions and States. Other exceptions were of more specialized nature as in the followinginstances: Where regional statistics are helpful for correct interpreta-tion of data, such as presentation of merchant marine statisticsseparately for each coast and for inland waters; where data in thesubject field cannot (by definition) be summarized effectively for theUnited States, such as internal migration data; where summary datafor a given subarea market indicative of general trend or level,such as prices New Stock Exchange or in specified cities; where data for a given area effectively represent the national picture because of concentration of production, etc., as Pennsylvania anthra-cite; where data are available for only amany series concerned with early American history and limited t o theAtlantic seaboard.

coverage.

Time coverage. I n general, only annual census-periodwhich cover at least 20 years are presented. A major exception wasmade for series covering the or pre-Federal period. Otherexceptions were permitted where newly developed series of recentorigin were the only data available t o represent a n important subject field or where a short series was an important extension of other longerseries.

The general requirements as t o time coverage were specificallydesigned to permit inclusion of “lapsed” series, particularly thosefalling within the nineteenth century or extending into the earlytwentieth century. The lapsed series, which begin and terminate in the past, represent major fields of interest during various phasesof American historical development; frequently they must be soughtin out-of-print documents which are available in few libraries.

The identification of time-periods was complicated by failure ofsome sources t o state whether the data were prepared on a calendar-year or on a fiscal-year basis; by shifts in time coverage from calendar to fiscal year during the period of the series, and, in some instances, bythe lack of identification of the beginning or ending date of the fiscalyear. In all such cases, particularly where time shifts seemed likely to have occurred, an effort was made t o identify the correct basis.

Annual data are given preference but certainseries are presented only for years in which a national census wasconducted, and, in some instances (for example, telephone and tele-graph rates), only for the scattered dates for which the data are available. Where both annual figures and decennial or quinquennialbenchmark or census data exist, both series are frequently shown.

Series linkage. No formal attempt was to singleseries through time by linking i t t o another series which ter-minated at or near the date on which the first began. In a numberof instances, however, such series are presented in adjoining columns, with an overlap for a period of years, when available.

The criteria of selection varied broadly, depend-ing on a number of factors applicable to the subject matter involved.Generally, summary measures or one-dimensional aggregates at grosslevels and immediately below were given highest priority for inclu-sion. Below such levels, selection was governed by the interplay of:The amount of space already devoted to a particular subject; theattempt t o achieve a relatively balanced presentation among subjectfields; the “uniqueness” (in the sense that other data did or did notfairly cover a particular subject) of the data; the quantity of dataavailable; the quality the data available; and the extent to whichdata might be related t o and enhance the value of other data.

Among less discretionary factors, both area detail (see above underarea coverage) and subject detail, such as cross-classifications ordata for specific commodities, were held t o a minimum because ofspace limitations. Inevitably, there were exceptions where synthesisor summarization did serious damage to the value of a series or wherei t was clearly more meaningful to show series for specific commoditiesthan a group aggregate.

Primary em-phasis was placed on the presentation of absolute figures rather thanon derived data since the figures offer somewhat greaterflexibility t o the user, The major exception was the presentationof index numbers. In general, percentage distributions ofdata already shown are not presented, Other percentage data, and averages, medians, ratios, and rates were used only where they re-sulted in a significant economy in space or where they significantlyfacilitated interpretation. No attempt was made to convert various series of index numbers to a base year or period other than that shownin the source. Large numbers (8 digits or more, for example) shownin the source documents have been rounded to thousands, millions, orbillions for ease of use and reference only as staff resources allowed.

Omissions of data, “blank” cells. The significance of dasher intabular cells varies from series t o series. In general, the presence ofcell “leaders” or “dashes” indicates merely that no information wasprovided. Dash entries may mean tha t no information exists forthe given year; the entry, if shown, would be zero; the information

Frequency of data.

Selection of data.

Presentation of absolute rather than derived data.

INTRODUCTION

was not available; or the information is believed to exist in publishedform but it was not practicable to do the research necessary t o locatethe appropriate source. The user will have t o judge from the contextwhich meaning is appropriate in each particular instance.

The practices of the various sources of information differ as to themeaning of dashes in cells, the extent t o which they label data as“not available,” the meaning of the term “not available,” the use ofthe zero entry, etc. In general, the policy adopted in preparing thisvolume was to retain “not available” notations where they appearedfor intermediate years in the series; to change them t o dashes where they appeared a t the beginning or end of the series. Where cellswere left blank in the sources, they were filled with dashes unless there was evidence that “not available” was appropriate entry.

Since series of varying length taken from different sources arefrequently found in adjoining columns in a table, the stub listings foryears necessarily encompass the earliest and latest date for which anyof the series in the table are shown. In itself, this tends t o createmany additional blank cells since missing entries have been replacedby dashes in order to make it easier for the user’s eye to trace theentries for a given year across the entire table.

Source citations and text. For every series shown, the text notespresent the source or sources of the data. In most cases, precisepublication dates and page or table numbers are given. However, where numerous issues of a certain publication were used, the sourcecitations are limited to “annual issues,” monthlyissues,” or similar notations. The term “unpublished data” meansthat the data were not in published form at the time they were ob-tained for use in this edition. I n many cases, such data were sched-uled for inclusion in forthcoming publications.

Where possible the descriptive text includes definitions of conceptsand terms used, and sufficient methodological and historical informa-tion to permit intelligent use of the data. For many series the textalso includes reference to where more detail can be found.values i n a series are explained and major changes which affect

are noted. Methods used for adjusted or derived figures are described, often with reference to a more complete description.

Copyright material. Copyright restrictions, where applicable, arenoted in source citations. Permission to quote or reprint copyrightmaterial should be obtained directly from the copyright owner.

Statistical Reliability and Responsibility

The contents of this volume were obtained from a large number ofsources. All data from either censuses and surveys or onestimates or administrative records are subject to error arising froma number of sources: Sampling variability (for statistics based onsamples), reporting errors in the data for individual units, incompletecoverage, nonresponse, imputation, and processing error. TheBureau of the Census cannot accept responsibility for the accuracyor the limitations of data presented here, other than for those which i t collects. Every attempt has been made, within the limits of timeand available personnel, t o verify and correctly identify the material.Final responsibility for selection of the material, and for its accurateand proper presentation, rests with the Bureau of the Census, eventhough carried out with the cooperation of many individuals andagencies who devoted much time and energy in providing data anddescriptions of series for this publication.

The information presented in this volume supersedes all similar information presented in Historical Statis-tics of United Slates, Colonial Times to 1957, and in Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Timesto 1957: Continuation to 1962 and Revisions.

FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON DATA PRESENTED

please consult the source publications available in libraries or write to the agency indicated in the sourcenote in the descriptive text for the given statistical series. Write to the Bureau of the Census only if it is in-dicated as the source.

SUGGESTIONS AND COMMENTS

should be sent to:

The DirectorBureau of the Census

Washington, D.C. 20233

of Selected New Series in This Edition

Chapter and title

A. Population

B. Vital Statisticsand Health and Medical Care

C. Migration

D. Labor

E. Prices

F. National Incomeand Wealth

G. Consumer In-come and Ex-penditures

H. Social Statistics

J. Land, Water,

K. Agriculture

and Climate

of newseries

198

180

36

227

22

362

292

675

15

315

Summary of selected new series

Urban population characteristics (A82-90); foreign born, by sex andrace (A 105-118); population char-acteristics and land area, by StatesA households, by numberof persons (A 335-349); inmates ofinstitutions (A 359-371)

Fertility and birth rates, by age of mother (B 11-19); illegitimatebirths and rates (B 28-35); healthexpenditures (B hospitaluse rates, expenses, personnel, andinsurance coverage (B 381-422)

Aliens naturalized (C 162-167); pas-senger arrivals and departures (C

Working women (D 49-74); unem-ployment rates (D em-ployee output (D 683-704) ; em-ployee earnings D 705-786); unionmembership an6 work stoppages

GNP implicit price deflators (E 1-22)

GNP growth rates and per capita (F GNP summary and bytype of industry (F 32-46), F162) national and personal income(F 163-209, 250-348); nationaltangible assets (F 349-376); valueand age of capital stocks (F534)

Distribution of families and persons,by money income levels (Gnutritive value of city diets (G865); food used at home (G 866-880)

Employee benefit plans (H 70-114);OASDHI (social security) coverage,benefits, and trust fund (H 186-259);Civil Service retirement 260-270);private philanthropy (H 398-411) ;schools and school enrollment (H418-432, H school reten-tion rates (H income, byyears of school completed (H663); illiteracy (H 669-688); doc-torates, by field (H for-eign travel, passports issued, andforeign visitors to (H 894-951);crimes and crime rates

296-331)

(D 927-939, D 986-1021)

homicides and suicidescriminal justice expenditures (H1012-1027); lawyerscourts (H 1063-1124)

homicides and suicidescriminal justice expenditures (H1012-1027); lawyerscourts (H 1063-1124)

Indian lands (J 16-19); tornadoes,floods, and cyclones (J

Farm population, land in farms, farmproperty, farm products sold (K81); farm operator characteristics (K 82-108); balance sheet of farmingand value of gross farm product (K204-239); farm income and farm marketings (K 256-343); farm pro-ductivity (K 407-495)

Chapter and title

L. Forestry andFisheries

M. Minerals

N. Constructionand Housing

P. Manufactures

Q. Transportation

R. Communications

S. Energy

T. Distributionand Services

InternationalTransactionsand ForeignCommerce

V. Business Enter-prise

Numbeof newseries

153

26

120

132

240

53

124

100

155

115

Summary of selected new

Forest products production, imports, exports, and consumption L 56-71,L 87-97, L 138-165, L 178-198);fishery imports and exports (L235); value of landed fish catches

244-253); prices received byfishermen (L 321-337)

Employment man-hours in min-eral industries (M 287-306)

Wholesale price indexes for construc-tion materials (N 140-155); newpublicly-owned housing starts (N

value and mean age ofstocks of residential structures (N200-231) ; housing vacancy rates

General statistics (P 58-67); horse-power of power equipment (P 68-73);shipments, inventories, and orders(P 74-92); corporation sales, profits,and equity (P 93-106) shares of larg-est companies (P consump-tion of selected commodities (P230)

Intercity passenger traffic (Q 1-11);revenues and employment, by type oftransport (Q 23-46); intercity motorcarriers (Q 69-81); long-term public highway debt 136-147); motorvehicle insurance, ownership, andfinancing (Q 163-186); motor vehiclespeed, miles of travel, and accidents(Q 187-232); merchant vessels built,repaired, launched, and active

Cable T V (R 98-101) ; radio and T Vfinances (R 113-120, Rnew books published (Rnewsprint consumption (R 218-223)

Consumption of raw materials andfuel resources 15-31);owned electric utility generatingplants and balance sheet and incomeitems (S 58-73, 133-146); REAsummary of operations (S 147-159);waterpower (S natural gas consumption and gas utility industry

Annual earnings of full-time em-ployees (T 29-42); legal form oforganization of industries (T 43-57);merchant wholesalers sales and stocks(T 375-383); index of national ad-vertising expenditures (T 472-484)

Value of direct foreign investment inU.S. (U 47-74); Governmentforeign grants and credits U

use class 249-263)

Number of firms, by type of owner-ship (V 1-12); income of unincorpo-rated firms 66-77) ;manufacturingand trade sales and inventories(V gross product and unitcosts of nonfinancial corporations

(N 246-258)

438-480, Q

(S 178-218)

exports and imports, by 6road

xv

Chapter and title

W. Productivity and TechnologicalDevelopment

X. Financial Mar-kets and Insti-tutions

of newseries

60

517

INTRODUCTION

Summary of Selected New Series in This Edition-Con.

Summary of new series

(V ; business expendituresfor new plant and equipment332)

Indexes of output per man-hour andper employed person (W 22-29);funds for research and development(W 109-125, employ-ment of natural scientists and engi-neers (W 168-180)

Flow of funds (X 1-392); sales ofand bonds on registered ex-

changes (X savings andother time deposits, by institution(X ; assets and liabilitiesof mutual savings banks and savingsand loan associations (X 821-844) ;selected items of property-liabilityinsurance (X 918-932); stock andmutual insurance companies (X966)

Chapter and title

Y. Government

Z. Colonial and Pre-FederalStatistics

of newseries

158

200

Summary of selected new series

Voter participation in presidentialelections (Y 28-78); costs of presi-dential elections (Y ; con-gressional bills vetoed (Y 199-203);Federal Government full-time civilianemployment (Y 318-331) ; Federalgrants to State and local govern-ments (Y selectiveregistrants (Y 917-926); defendantscharged with violation of selectiveservice acts (Y 927-942)

Population censuses taken in thecolonies and States (Z 24-132);com-ponents of private wealth for thethirteen colonies (Z 169-191); ex-ports t o and imports from Scotland, by colonies and States (Z 227-244);commodity imports and exports,shipping earnings, and ofslaves imported (Z 286-290); vesselsbuilt in colonies and West Florida(Z 510-529)