bureaucracy – just another dirty word

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Bureaucracy – just another dirty word

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Bureaucracy – just another dirty word. Tell me how you feel?. “ Bureaucracy is the death of all sound work ”- Einstein “ Bureaucracy is the art of making the possible impossible ”- Javier Salcedo - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Bureaucracy – just another dirty word

Bureaucracy – just another dirty word

Page 3: Bureaucracy – just another dirty word

“Poor Eisenhower, in the military when he gave an order it was carried out. But when he gives an order as President nothing will happen and he won’t understand why – “ Harry Truman

Bureaucracy- A large organization, some appointed, most hired professionals for the management of government programs. (The toilet article again!)

Page 4: Bureaucracy – just another dirty word

How big?Numbers grow as we expect

more of government and agencies are added

1789- 3 cabinet departments and about 50 employees

1816- about 4,800 employees but 70% in Post office

2009- 2.8 million add in military and get 4.4 million ( Defense is largest)

Page 5: Bureaucracy – just another dirty word

Devolution!!- Remember that?Even so federal bureaucracy is

smaller than the bureaucracy of the 50 states- all together the number of government bureaucrats is near 21,000,000

PLUS when you add in the hidden workforce, it is even larger- private contractors.

Page 6: Bureaucracy – just another dirty word

Who is the bureaucracy?Four components:

◦1. Cabinet departments- And it is◦2. Independent agencies- ex EPA- Not part of

cabinet depts. Report directly to President. Allows them to operate independently of Cabinet that might not ant them to exist ex- Sec of Interior and EPA might conflict

◦3. Independent Reg Agencies- Fed Res Board, Nuclear Reg Agency- Regulate business but often captured by pro biz forces

◦4. Government organizations- USPS, TVA

Page 7: Bureaucracy – just another dirty word

How large could it possibly be?

-Seriously, you've got to be kidding

Page 8: Bureaucracy – just another dirty word

So what do they do? The big 4Foreign policy- State Dept/Dept

of Defense/ Homeland Security/200 foreign embassies-Defense is largest part of bureaucracy-

Financial policy- Treasury Dept./Federal res Board/ Commerce Dept

Law Enforcement- Justice Dept/ FBI/Homeland Sec

Postal Service

Page 9: Bureaucracy – just another dirty word

Big 4 was the original bureaucracy

But we now expect more and more and more◦Natural resources- Interior(1849) Energy

(1977) EPA (1970)◦General welfare- Health and Human

Services – originally Health, Education and welfare (1953)

◦Housing- Housing and Urban Develop(1965)

◦Transportation- Dept of Transportation (1966)

◦Education- Dept of Ed (1980)

Page 11: Bureaucracy – just another dirty word

But do we really see them like that?

Page 12: Bureaucracy – just another dirty word

How do they get so much power?Iron triangle- bureaucratic

agency +Congressional committee+ interest group

Issue network- new description- take the iron triangle and add in lawyers, consultants, academics, courts etc)

These groups foster their common interests.

Page 13: Bureaucracy – just another dirty word

Make sense now?

Page 14: Bureaucracy – just another dirty word

Power to legislate?Regulations- quasi- legislative

( quasi = seemingly)Who said they should do this?

Then how does this happen?Bills are vague ( ex. 1972 Title IX 1972. By 1978 100 words in law became 30 pages of regulations!!

This is there most important function, it gives them POWER!

Page 15: Bureaucracy – just another dirty word

So who checks this power?2 schools of thought- 1. elected

officials need to check power 2. Bureaucracy should be autonomous in order to operate without politics, allowing them to function freely.

Page 16: Bureaucracy – just another dirty word

So who checks this power?President- Hard to do

◦TJ- Seeks “wise and frugal government

◦JFK- Instruction to State dept is like putting the request in a dead letter box

◦Nixon wanted to combine 50 agencies and 7 dept’s into super dept’s. Too much opposition.

◦Clinton/Gore task force on reinventing government- cut 252000 federal jobs

Page 17: Bureaucracy – just another dirty word

Reinventing bureaucracy Presidents all try to reinvent the

bureaucracy - Some have real plans!

In fact Bush made it happen

Page 18: Bureaucracy – just another dirty word

More Presidential controlPresident can sign an executive

order forcing agencies to act- ex Exec order 11375 (1967) LBJ added “gender” to anti-discrimination job regulations

Alter budgetsAppoint department heads. Reorganize, restructure.

Page 19: Bureaucracy – just another dirty word

Homeland SecurityWhite House aide- “ if we go ahead with

a new border agency, it will mean ripping big organizations out of two or three Cabinet departments and no cabinet secretary I have ever seen wants to give up a part of his department”

So- 1.. What problem did Bush face in the effort? 2. What does this example illustrate with regard to pres power and the bureaucracy?

Page 20: Bureaucracy – just another dirty word

Homeland SecurityControversial aspects required a

sales job, as agencies wanted to protect their interests. Border issue was very difficult. Treasury, Justice, Transportation did not want to cede power. They argued a reorganization would be highly disruptive

Page 21: Bureaucracy – just another dirty word

Congress-What can those knuckleheads do?1. Police patrol- investigate actions of bureaucracy

2. Set up and abolish agencies

3. Provide funding

Page 22: Bureaucracy – just another dirty word

How bout them judges?1. Issue injunctions- “ A U.S. District Judge

has issued a preliminary injunction barring the Food and Drug Administration from requiring the tobacco industry to include new, graphic warnings on their cigarette packages. He that requiring the labels is compelled speech that violates the First Amendment.”

2. Require due process3. Litigation by citizens- Environmentalists

suing because Obama is NOT regulating ozone

Page 23: Bureaucracy – just another dirty word

Pathologies1. Red tape- Rules and regs required

to get something done2. Conflict- When two agencies want

to accomplish opposite goals3. Duplication- When two agencies do

the same thing4. Imperialism- the desire to grow the

agency5. Waste- Spending more than what

seems necessary to accomplish a goal

Page 24: Bureaucracy – just another dirty word

Red tape- it’s constricting

Page 25: Bureaucracy – just another dirty word

Reason for pathologiesRed tape- makes sure one part of

organization does not operate out of step with another, a check and balance. Comes from desire to meet many goals-ex. Hiring on merit vs affirmative action

Conflict and duplication- Congress hopes to achieve numerous goals, often conflicting ( Tenn Valley Auth vs Nuclear Reg Commission)- 535 members with various agendas ( ex econ policy set by Fed Res Board, Treasury, office of mgt and budget)

Page 26: Bureaucracy – just another dirty word

More pathology reasonsImperialism- Comes from vague

directions, provides opportunity to seize power, grow agency.

Waste- Often 1 of a kind or cost is higher to meet political agenda ( ex. Least expensive vs buying American)

Page 27: Bureaucracy – just another dirty word