bus rapid transit plus transit oriented development - brt-od - erik vergel-tovar - unc chapel hill
DESCRIPTION
Bus Rapid Transit plus Transit Oriented Development - BRT-OD - Erik Vergel-Tovar - UNC Chapel Hill - presented at Transforming Transportation 2014 co-organized by EMBARQ and The World BankTRANSCRIPT
Bus Rapid Transit + Transit Oriented Development = BRT-OD?!
Transforming Transportation 2014!
! Presented at Transforming Transportation 2014!
! Eric Vergel-Tovar!! University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill!
Bus Rapid Transit BRT
Transit oriented development TOD
= BRT-OD?
+
© IPPUC (2011)
TRANSFORMING TRANSPORTATION 2014 Session: Future Leaders in Sustainable Transportation Erik Vergel-Tovar - PhD student UNC-CH Research Fellow EMBARQ India
Asia emerging leader on BRT
Latin America world leader on BRT…
1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s © www.brtdata.org (2014)
8,165,822 passengers per day
19,542,283 passengers per day
33%
53%
49 BRT
85 BRT
20 BRT 7 BRT 7 BRT
Latin America
Asia
Europe/North America/Africa/Oceania
Source: Bud Rapid transit: a review of recent advances (Lloyd Wright, 2012)
New view of transit capacity
3,000 6,000 12,000 25,000 45,000
Passengers / hour direction
Bus
Bus Rapid Transit – BRT
Metro LRT
© Vergel (2011)
Source: Vergel (2011)
CURITIBA Brazil 1974
QUITO Ecuador 1996
BOGOTA Colombia 2000
Ahmedabad India 2009
© Vergel (2011)
© Vergel (2011) © Vergel (2011)
© Vergel (2013)
© Latheef (2013)
Indore India 2013
Transit Oriented Development
TOD
Arlington – Virginia USA Source: http://sites.arlingtonva.us/rosslynsector/about/planning-in-arlington/
Transit Oriented Development
TOD Curitiba – Brazil
© IPPUC (2011)
LAND USE AND TRANSPORTATION
INTEGRATION? © Vergel (2012)
METHODOLOGY
© Rodriguez, Vergel (2012)
Bogota Quito
Guayaquil
Goiânia
Sao Paulo
Curi=ba
Segment
BRT Stop (buffer area)
© Rodriguez, Vergel (2012)
Block
BRT Stop Jardim Botanico Curitiba (Brazil)
© Rodriguez, Vergel (2012)
X1……...X38
O1 . . . . . . . . O82
Data matrix
X1……...X38 O1 . . . . . . . . O82
Data matrix
F1...Fk
METHODS FACTOR ANALYSIS Built
Environment FACTORS
Built Environment raw variables
• Land Use • Building Heights • Density • Development • Building heights • Public Space • Housing • Parking • Sidewalks
Factor 1 Factor 2 Factor 3 Factor 4 Factor 5 Factor 6 Factor 7 Factor 8 Factor 9
India Latin
America
© Rodriguez, Vergel (2012)
METHODS CLUSTER ANALYSIS
© Rodriguez, Vergel (2012)
BRT CORRIDOR BRT CORRIDOR
BRT CORRIDOR BRT CORRIDOR
BRT STOP
Type 1
BRT STOP
Type 2
BRT STOP
Type 3
BRT STOP
Type 4
BRT STOP TYPOLOGY CONCEPT
BRT TYPOLOGY LATIN AMERICA 1 (n=17) 2 (n=1) 3 (n=7) 4 (n=12) 5 (n=2)
6 (n=11) 7 (n=5) 8 (n=16) 9 (n=5) 10 (n=5)
MeanFactor1 -0.29Factor2 -0.46Factor4 -0.58Factor5 0.70Institutional 0.71BRTO land use -0.81Pop density -0.15
MeanFactor1 1.87Factor2 -2.41Factor4 -0.82Factor5 0.01Institutional 4.63BRTO land use -1.20Pop density -0.31
MeanFactor1 0.23Factor2 -0.25Factor4 0.06Factor5 -0.46Institutional -0.46BRTO land use -0.62Pop density 0.73
MeanFactor1 0.15Factor2 0.17Factor4 0.06Factor5 0.24Institutional -0.58BRTO land use -0.33Pop density 0.33
MeanFactor1 4.57Factor2 0.52Factor4 -0.16Factor5 0.33Institutional -0.26BRTO land use -0.48Pop density 2.53
MeanFactor1 -0.39Factor2 -0.55Factor4 -0.39Factor5 -0.50Institutional -0.72BRTO land use -0.07Pop density -0.76
MeanFactor1 -0.62Factor2 -1.05Factor4 -0.77Factor5 -0.52Institutional -0.52BRTO land use 0.50Pop density -0.84
MeanFactor1 -0.08Factor2 0.84Factor4 0.46Factor5 0.54Institutional 0.17BRTO land use 1.29Pop density -0.16
MeanFactor1 0.10Factor2 1.63Factor4 -0.40Factor5 -1.35Institutional -0.25BRTO land use 0.13Pop density 1.00
MeanFactor1 -0.15Factor2 -0.51Factor4 2.65Factor5 -0.75Institutional 0.81BRTO land use 0.48Pop density -0.26
© Rodriguez, Vergel (2012)
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
BRT-oriented land uses BRT unsupportive land uses
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
% seg 2-lanes % seg 3-lanes % seg-peds
BRT Indore
G.P.O. BRT Stop
BRT
co
rrid
or
• 12 BRT STOPS • 1,114 Segments visited • 92.83 segments/BRT stop • 316 Blocks visited • 26.33 blocks/BRT stop
BRT Ahmedabad
Ramapir No Tekra BRT Stop
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
1 1.2 1.4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
BRT-oriented land uses BRT unsupportive land uses
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
% seg 2-lanes % seg 3-lanes % seg-peds
BRT corridor
• 21 BRT STOPS • 3,630 Segments visited • 172.86 segments/BRT stop • 710 Blocks visited • 33.81 blocks/BRT stop
BRT TYPOLOGY INDIA 1 (n=1) 2 (n=1) 3 (n=3) 4 (n=3) 5 (n=1)
6 (n=2) 7 (n=7) 8 (n=2) 9 (n=2) 10 (n=3)
11 (n=2) 12 (n=2) 13 (n=2) 14 (n=1) 15 (n=1)
BRT-OD LU -2.01Green spaces and parks -0.69Entropy -0.08Segment density -0.95Average block size 1.17Sidewalks -0.45
BRT-OD LU -1.67Green spaces and parks 0.10Entropy 0.23Segment density -0.34Average block size -0.74Sidewalks -0.81
BRT-OD LU 0.06Green spaces and parks 1.14Entropy -0.61Segment density -0.62Average block size -0.10Sidewalks 0.19
BRT-OD LU 1.47Green spaces and parks -1.04Entropy 0.56Segment density 0.37Average block size 0.01Sidewalks 0.97
BRT-OD LU 1.38Green spaces and parks 0.13Entropy 0.45Segment density 0.59Average block size 0.81Sidewalks 0.53
BRT-OD LU -1.79Green spaces and parks -0.09Entropy 0.76Segment density -0.89Average block size 0.37Sidewalks -0.71
BRT-OD LU -0.13Green spaces and parks 0.43Entropy -0.07Segment density -0.30Average block size -0.41Sidewalks 0.34
BRT-OD LU -0.94Green spaces and parks -0.47Entropy 0.19Segment density -1.35Average block size 2.78Sidewalks 1.50
BRT-OD LU 0.76Green spaces and parks -0.21Entropy 1.09Segment density -0.51Average block size -0.07Sidewalks 0.26
BRT-OD LU -0.34Green spaces and parks -1.01Entropy -1.20Segment density 0.44Average block size 0.76Sidewalks -1.04
BRT-OD LU 0.08Green spaces and parks -0.58Entropy 1.24Segment density 1.51Average block size -1.03Sidewalks -0.80
BRT-OD LU 0.23Green spaces and parks 0.39Entropy -0.16Segment density 2.27Average block size -1.11Sidewalks -0.86
BRT-OD LU 0.64Green spaces and parks -0.07Entropy -0.82Segment density -0.64Average block size -0.12Sidewalks -0.02
BRT-OD LU 0.89Green spaces and parks -1.22Entropy -1.53Segment density 0.73Average block size -1.16Sidewalks -1.45
BRT-OD LU 0.82Green spaces and parks 3.46Entropy 0.57Segment density 0.72Average block size -0.91Sidewalks 0.73
BRT INDORE 2009
2013
MR
– 9
Vija
y N
agar
Shal
imar
Tow
nshi
p
MR
– 9
BRT AHMEDABAD 2008
2013
Shas
trin
agar
ISKO
N M
andi
r
Sola
Cro
ss R
oads
BRT STOP TYPE 15
INDIA
BRT STOP
SHASTRINAGAR AHMEDABAD
0.82
3.46
0.57
0.72
-0.91
0.73
Mean Values (factors and std variables)
BRT-‐OD LU consolidated and connected
Green spaces and parks
Entropy
Segment density
Average block size
Sidewalks
“There is affordable housing at Sola Road, Paresnagar, Shastrinagar, Pratrinagar, these areas, this stretch was built almost 20 years back, more than 20 or 25 years back, which was public housing built by the
government” (Land use planner)
BRT STOP TYPE 8 INDIA
BRTS STOP ISKON MANDIR AHMEDABAD
-‐0.94
-‐0.47
0.19
-‐1.35
2.78
1.50
BRT-‐OD LU consolidated and connected
Green spaces and parks
Entropy
Segment density
Average block size
Sidewalks
“Just in front of ISKON Mandir BRT stop one commercial development is being demolished for
a commercial redevelopment” (developer)
BRT
DATA
BRT-OD
Indian cities are in transition Latin America is giving us lessons
Development/Redevelopment Public Space and Affordable Housing
It is out there! Let’s collect it!
© Vergel (2013)
What is the “T” in TOD?