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IT SYSTEMS & BUSINESS

Integrated Electronic hardware components, internal & external devices incl communication

MIDDLEWARE

SOFTWARE

APPLICATIONS

SIMPLE

HIGHLY COMPLEX

DESIGN COMPLEXITY

1694 –Blaise Pascal – digital calculating machine dials 1842 – Charles Babbage – Automation engine –steam 1944 – Howard Aiken - Automatic machine – punched cards 1946 – Moore school – First electronic computer – ENIAC, EDVAC 1956 – UNIVAC – First digital computer (vacuum tubes) 1963 – Mini computer – Transistors 1971 – Micro computer - Integrated circuit 1971 – Parallel processing & super computing e,g IBM 3090, 4381

TIME LINE - SCIENTIFIC & MODERN COMPUTING ADVANCES

IT SYSTEMS

OPERATING SYSTEM

OPERATING SYSTEM

OPERATING SYSTEM

OPERATING SYSTEM

PROGRAMMING ENVIRONMENT

APPLICATION LEVEL Windows CE, Mobile computing OS, Android, Apple iOS,

SOFTWARE & MIDDLEWARE LEVEL MS Windows & variants, Apple OS, Unix, Linux & Solaris variants, IBM AS/400 etc.

MACHINE LEVEL RTOS & Similar, MS Windows & variants, Linux, Solaris, Unix & variants, Apple iOS Mac & variants. IBM AS/400 etc.

COMPLEX

MODEST

KEY COMPONENTS OF OPERATING SYSTEM: 1. CORE (also known as the SHELL). Contains the main program to operate the machine

2. HAL (Hardware Abstraction Layers) used for device interfacing, middleware & software compatibility

3. User Interface e. g. Graphical, Command Prompt line, Menu driven, Others

4. Language translators. Compilers & Interpreters for programming applications

MACHINE

Programmable & programmed electronic chips used for machine operation

Standard or Flexible programs

written for different uses e.g. Offices, Manufacturing, Telecom, entertainment etc.

Highly customized programs e.g. targeted only to specific purposes

Simple to design , use & apply software programming

Relatively simple to design but often with significant

experience in software programming & subject matter experts

Hard to design , requires expertise in

hardware & software programming

Abstract,

C#, C, C++, JAVA, . Net, COBOL, PASCAL, J2EE DBASE, ORACLE, VISUAL BASIC, Perl, Python, etc.

VISUAL BASIC, C, C++, C# etc

OBJECT ORIENTED & STRUCTURED

DYNAMIC

FLEXIBLE

HARDWIRED / RIGID

Assembly language, HDL, VHDL, Microcontroller, SIMATIC S7/300 etc

HTML, DHTML, XML, JavaScript etc

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3

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SUPPLY CHAIN

& MATERIALS REQUIREMENT PLANNING

AGGREGATE

DEMAND & SUPPLY

INVENTORY & PRODUCTION CYCLE BUSINESS CYCLE

RAW MATERILAS

SEMI FINISHED PRODUCTS

FINAL PRODUCT

CUSTOMER / MARKET SEGMENT

… Continued

IT SYSTEMS MACHINE & MIDDLEWARES

SOFTWARES ______________________

OPERATING SYSTEM/S

BOOM

RECESSION

CONTRACTION

DEPRESSION

EXPANSION

RECOVERY

PEAK

PRODUCTION OUTPUT

SALES VOLUME

PRICE

EXPENSES & REVENUES

INCOME

PROCYCLIC

ACYCLIC

COUNTER CYCLIC

ACYCLIC

SUPPLY

Affect Affect

Internet, The

WWW & Intranet

Organization/Enterprise collaboration [GROUP WARE]

• Communication • Conferencing • Work management tools

e,-COMMERCE (BUSINESS)