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Business Modelshttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlDomain name Business modelsDomain names are often seen in analogy to real estate in that (1) domain names are foundations on which a website (like a house or commercial building) can be built and (2) the highest "quality" domain names, like sought-after real estate, tend to carry significant value, usually due to their online brand-building potential, use in advertising, search engine optimization, and many other criteria.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlDomain name Business modelsA few companies have offered low-cost, below-cost or even cost-free domain registrations with a variety of models adopted to recoup the costs to the providerhttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlDomain name Business modelsBecause of the popularity of the Internet, many desirable domain names are already assigned and users must search for other acceptable names, using Web-based search features, or WHOIS and dig operating system tools. Many registrars have implemented Domain name suggestion tools which search domain name databases and suggest available alternative domain names related to keywords provided by the user.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness model Complementarities of business models between partnering firmsStudying collaborative research and the accessing of external sources of technology, Hummel et al. (2010) found that in deciding on business partners, it is important to make sure that both parties business models are complementary. For example, they found that it was important to identify the value drivers of potential partners by analyzing their business models, and that it is beneficial to find partner firms that understand key aspects of our own firms business model.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness model Examples of business modelsIn the early history of business models it was very typical to define business model types such as bricks-and-mortar or e-broker. However, these types usually describe only one aspect of the business (most often revenue model). Therefore, more recent literature on business models concentrates on describing business model as a whole instead of one most visible aspects.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness model Examples of business modelsThe following examples provide an overview for various business model types that have been in discussion since the invention of term business model:https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness model Examples of business modelsBricks and clicks business modelhttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness model Examples of business modelsBusiness model by which a company integrates both offline (bricks) and online (clicks) presences. One example of the bricks-and-clicks model is when a chain of stores allows the user to order products online, but lets them pick up their order at a local store.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness model Examples of business modelsBusiness system, organization or association typically composed of relatively large numbers of businesses, tradespersons or professionals in the same or related fields of endeavor, which pools resources, shares information or provides other benefits for their membershttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness model Examples of business modelsCutting out the middleman modelhttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness model Examples of business modelsThe removal of intermediaries in a supply chain: "cutting out the middleman". Instead of going through traditional distribution channels, which had some type of intermediate (such as a distributor, wholesaler, broker, or agent), companies may now deal with every customer directly, for example via the Internet.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness model Examples of business modelsDirect selling is marketing and selling products to consumers directly, away from a fixed retail location. Sales are typically made through party plan, one-to-one demonstrations, and other personal contact arrangements. A text book definition is: "The direct personal presentation, demonstration, and sale of products and services to consumers, usually in their homes or at their jobs."https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness model Examples of business modelsDistribution business models, varioushttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness model Examples of business modelsBusiness model which works by charging the first client a fee for a service, while offering that service free of charge to subsequent clients.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness model Examples of business modelsFranchising is the practice of using another firm's successful business model. For the franchisor, the franchise is an alternative to building 'chain stores' to distribute goods and avoid investment and liability over a chain. The franchisor's success is the success of the franchisees. The franchisee is said to have a greater incentive than a direct employee because he or she has a direct stake in the business.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness model Examples of business modelsBusiness model that works by offering basic Web services, or a basic downloadable digital product, for free, while charging a premium for advanced or special features.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness model Examples of business modelsOther examples of business models are:https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness model Examples of business modelsAuction business modelhttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness model Examples of business modelsAll-in-one business modelhttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness model Examples of business modelsLow-cost carrier business modelhttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness model Examples of business modelsLoyalty business modelshttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness model Examples of business modelsMulti-level marketing business modelhttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness model Examples of business modelsOnline auction business modelhttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness model Examples of business modelsProfessional open-source modelhttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness model Examples of business modelsPyramid scheme business modelhttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness model Examples of business modelsRazor and blades business modelhttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness model Examples of business modelsServitization of products business modelhttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlElectronic business ModelsWhen organizations go online, they have to decide which e-business models best suit their goals. A business model is defined as the organization of product, service and information flows, and the source of revenues and benefits for suppliers and customers. The concept of e-business model is the same but used in the online presence. The following is a list of the currently most adopted e-business models such as:https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlElectronic business ModelsE-auctionshttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlElectronic business ModelsVirtual Communitieshttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlComparison of open source and closed source - Business modelsIn its 2008 Annual Report, Microsoft stated that FOSS business models challenge its license-based software model and that the firms who use these business models do not bear the cost for their software development. The company also stated in the report:https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlComparison of open source and closed source - Business modelsSome of these [open source software] firms may build upon Microsoft ideas that we provide to them free or at low royalties in connection with our interoperability initiatives. To the extent open source software gains increasing market acceptance, our sales, revenue and operating margins may decline.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlComparison of open source and closed source - Business modelsOpen source software vendors are devoting considerable efforts to developing software that mimics the features and functionality of our products, in some cases on the basis of technical specifications for Microsoft technologies that we make available. In response to competition, we are developing versions of our products with basic functionality that are sold at lower prices than the standard versions.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlUser-generated content - New business modelsThe media companies of today are starting to realize that the users themselves can create plenty of material that is interesting to a broader audience and adjust their business models accordingly. Many young companies in the media industry, such as YouTube and Facebook, have foreseen the increasing demand of UGC, whereas the established, traditional media companies have taken longer to exploit these kinds of opportunities.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlUser-generated content - New business modelsRealizing the demand for UGC is more about creating a playing field for the visitors rather than creating material for them to consume. A parallel development can be seen in the Video Game industry, where games such as World of Warcraft, The Sims and Second Life give the player a large amount of freedom so that essential parts of the games are actually built by the players themselves.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlWeb browser - Business modelsThe ways that web browser makers fund their development costs has changed over time. The first web browser, WorldWideWeb, was a research project. Netscape Navigator was originally sold commercially, as was Opera; Netscape no longer exists and has been replaced with the free Firefox, while Opera is now downloadable free of charge.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlWeb browser - Business modelsInternet Explorer, on the other hand, was from its first release always included with the Windows Operating System (and furthermore was downloadable for no extra charge), and therefore it was funded partly by the sales of Windows to computer manufacturers and direct to usershttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlWeb browser - Business modelsSafari and Mobile Safari were likewise always included with OS X and iOS respectively, so, similarly, they were originally funded by sales of Apple computers and mobile devices, and formed part of the overall Apple experience to customers.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlWeb browser - Business modelsToday, most commercial web browsers are paid by search engine companies to make the search engine their default search engine (the most valuable prize) or to include them as another optionhttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlMobile local search - Business models Mobile local search services are usually provided today by mobile carriers, directory enquiry providers, mobile messaging operators or Yellow Pages publishers. Behind these outlets, there is a growing network of agencies, distributors and software providers, some of whom are now starting to offer service direct to the public. Search giants, like Yahoo and Google, and big web publishers, such as Amazon.con and eBay have already embarked on this potentially lucrative market segment.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlMobile local search - Business models The services are provided through a caller-pays, advertiser-pays or hybrid business model.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlMobile local search - Business models In a 'caller-pays' model, as with voice-based directory enquiry services, the caller pays each time they access the service. Caller-pays voice-based local mobile search services are common outside North America, but have been slow to emerge in the USA due to regulatory restrictions.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlMobile local search - Business models In an 'advertiser-pays' model, standard for screen-based search and starting to emerge with voice-based 'Free DA' services in North America, businesses pay to be placed early in the list of results, or pay each time a caller chooses to connect through.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlMobile local search - Business models In 'hybrid' models, advertising revenue lets the service provider offer reduced rates.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlMobile local search - Business models As with TV, magazines and other media, mobile local search services will most likely continue to be offered under all three models, but the hybrid model may predominate. That is, callers will probably accept a limited amount of advertising (which they may actually find useful) in exchange for reduced prices, but may be less willing to use a free service where they are bombarded with advertising.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlMobile local search - Business models The value to an advertiser will vary depending on their type of business, and may range from a dollar or less for a taxi or sandwich shop to well over ten dollars for a real-estate broker, attorney or debt consolidation service. Consultants forecast that the global industry will grow to over US$1 billion by 2010.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlMobile game - Business models Today, a number of new business models have emerged which are often collectively referred to as freemiumhttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlComparison of open source and closed source - Business modelsIn its 2008 Annual Report, Microsoft stated that FOSS business models challenge its license-based software model and that the firms who use these business models do not bear the cost for their software developmenthttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlElectronic publishing - Business models* Open access (publishing)https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlElectronic publishing - Business models* Non-Subsidy PublishingThe term non-subsidy publisher is used to distinguish an electronic publisher that uses the traditional method of accepting submissions from authors without payment by the authorhttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlAmbient intelligence - Business modelsThe ISTAG group acknowledges the following entry points to AmI business landscape:https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlAmbient intelligence - Business models* Initial premium value niche markets in industrial, commercial or public applications where enhanced interfaces are needed to support human performance in fast moving or delicate situations.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlAmbient intelligence - Business models* Start-up and spin-off opportunities from identifying potential service requirements and putting the services together that meet these new needs.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlAmbient intelligence - Business models* High access-low entry cost based on a loss leadership model in order to create economies of scale (mass customization).https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlAmbient intelligence - Business models* Audience or customers attention economy as a basis for free end-user services paid for by advertising or complementary services or goods.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlAmbient intelligence - Business models* Self-provision based upon the network economies of very large user communities providing information as a gift or at near zero cost (e.g. social networking applications).https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlSoftware industry - Business models within the software industry Business models of software companies have been widely discussed.Cusumano M. (2003) Finding Your balance in the Products and Service Debate, Communications of the ACM. Vol. 46:3 Network effects in software ecosystems, networks of companies, and their customers are an important element in the strategy of software companies.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlPrice comparison service - Business models Price comparison sites typically do not charge users anything to use the sitehttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlPrice comparison service - Business models As of 2013, the market for more data-driven price comparison sites was growing, as several venture capital firms made large investments in price comparison sites with big-data oriented platforms, including FindTheBest and the Singaporean price comparison startup Save 22.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlOpen hardware - Business models Can Open Source Hardware Work?, Wired Magazine, October 2008] There are many applicable business models for implementing some open-source hardware even in traditional firmshttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlCrowdsourcing architecture - Business ModelsAn unprecedented business model for crowdsourcing architectural design was launched by Cambridge, MA based high-tech company Arcbazar in 2010https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlDual license - Business modelsThis model can be compared to shareware.[ http://linuxinsider.com/story/38172.html Linux News: Tech Buzz: Dual Licensing: Having Your Cake and Eating It Too][ http://linux.sys-con.com/read/49061.htm Dual-Licensing Open Source Business Models | Linux]https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlDual license - Business modelsSince in most cases, only the copyright holder can change the licensing terms of a software, multi licensing is mostly used by companies that wholly own the software which they are licensinghttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlDual license - Business modelsMulti licensing is used by the copyright holders of some free software packages advertising their willingness to distribute using both a copyleft free software license and a non-free software licensehttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlDual license - Business modelsSuch licensing allows the holder to offer customizations and early releases, generate other derivative works or grant rights to third parties to redistribute proprietary versions all while offering everyone a free version of the softwarehttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlDual license - Business modelsExamples of multi-licensed software include Oracle Corporation|Oracle's NetBeans Integrated development environment|IDE, MySQL AB's database, Asterisk (PBX)|Asterisk, Oracle Corporation's Berkeley DB, Modelio, ZeroC's Internet Communications Engine|Ice, Magnolia (CMS)|Magnolia CMS and Qt Software's Qt (toolkit)|Qt development toolkit.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlDual license - Business modelsDescription on one specific example to illustrate multi-licensing:https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlDual license - Business modelsOracle MySQL comes in various editions:https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlDual license - Business modelsMySQL Enterprise Edition is a commercial edition, hence to be purchased. The license is only offered as a subscription, named MySQL Enterprise Edition Subscription. The same applies for MySQL Standard Edition (MySQL Standard Edition Subscription) and MySQL Cluster CGE (MySQL Cluster Carrier Grade Edition Subscription).https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlDual license - Business modelsThe other editions, such as the MySQL Classic Edition or MySQL Community Edition, are free to use (attention to user: some restrictions apply). For instance, the MySQL Community Edition is a freely downloadable version, available under the GPL license and is supported by a community of open source developers.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlWorld music market - Emerging business modelsIn addition to these traditional business relationships, new ways of doing business are being developed in the 21st centuryhttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlServicizing - Business models for servicizing Servicizing solutions often differ in terms of targeted actors: professional clients or private customershttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlServicizing - Business models for servicizing The target market/customer of servicizing solutions has implications for all elements of servicizing business models, including type of consumers, products and services, the type of actors involved in them, the type of infrastructure software and hardware solutions that need to be in place to provide the function, as well as for its economic, environmental and social implications.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlIntangible asset finance - Business models A number of intangible asset business models have evolved over the years.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlIntangible asset finance - Business models *'Patent Licensing Enforcement Companies (P-LECs)': These are firms that acquire patents for the sole purpose of securing licenses and/or damages awards from infringing partieshttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlIntangible asset finance - Business models *'Royalty stream securitizers': These are firms that are engaged in the buying and selling of what are essentially specialized Asset-backed security|asset-backed securitieshttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlIntangible asset finance - Business models *'Reinsurers': These are firms that use the techniques of reinsurance to mitigate intangible asset riskshttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlIntangible asset finance - Business models *'Market makers': Firms that are working to provide more liquidity to the market for intellectual propertyhttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlIntangible asset finance - Business models *'Investment Research Firms': Companies that provide specific advice to investors on intellectual property issues. Recently, hedge fund managers have been hiring patent Lawyer|attorneys to follow and handicap outcomes in high stakes patent cases.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlCredit rating agency - Business modelsCredit rating agencies generate revenue from a variety of activities related to the production and distribution of credit ratings. The sources of the revenue are generally the issuer of the securities or the investor. Most agencies operate under one or a combination of business models: the Subscription business model|subscription model and the issuer-pays model. However, agencies may offer additional services using a combination of business models.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlCredit rating agency - Business modelsUnder the subscription model, the credit rating agency does not make its ratings freely available to the market, so investors pay a subscription fee for access to ratingshttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlCredit rating agency - Business modelsThe subscription approach was the prevailing business model until the early 1970s, when Moody's Investors Service|Moody's, Fitch Group|Fitch, and finally Standard Poor's#Credit ratings|Standard Poor's adopted the issuer-pays modelhttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlCredit rating agency - Business modelsCritics argue that the issuer-pays model creates a potential conflict of interest because the agencies are paid by the organizations whose debt they ratehttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlCredit rating agency - Business modelsA 2009 World Bank report proposed a hybrid approach in which issuers who pay for ratings are required to seek additional scores from subscriber-based third partieshttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlProductivity model - Business modelsThere are several different models available for measuring productivityhttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlProductivity model - Business modelsA characteristic of the productivity measurement models that surpasses all the others is the ability to describe the production functionhttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlProductivity model - Business models#First, it is necessary to examine and clarify the differences in the names of the concepts. Model developers have given different names to the same concepts, causing a lot of confusion. It goes without saying that differences in names do not affect the logic of modelling.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlProductivity model - Business models#Model variables can differ; hence, the basic logic of the model is different. It is a question of which variables are used for the measurement. The most important characteristic of a model is its ability to describe the production function. This requirement is fulfilled in case the model has the production function variables of productivity and volume. Only the models that meet this criterion are worth a closer comparison. (Saari 2006b)https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlProductivity model - Business models#Calculation order of the variables can differ. Calculation is based on the principle of Ceteris paribus stating that when calculating the impacts of change in one variable all other variables are hold constant. The order of calculating the variables has some effect on the calculation results, yet, the difference is not significant.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlProductivity model - Business models#Theoretical framework of the model can be either cost theory or production theory. In a model based on the production theory, the volume of activity is measured by input volume. In a model based on the cost theory, the volume of activity is measured by output volume.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlProductivity model - Business models#Accounting technique, i.e. how measurement results are produced, can differ. In calculation, three techniques apply: ratio accounting, variance accounting and accounting form. Differences in the accounting technique do not imply differences in accounting results but differences in clarity and intelligibility. Variance accounting gives the user most possibilities for an analysis.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlProductivity model - Business models#Adjustability of the model. There are two kinds of models, fixed and adjustable. On an adjustable model, characteristics can be changed, and therefore, they can examine the characteristics of the other models. A fixed model can not be changed. It holds constant the characteristic that the developer has created in it.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlProductivity model - Business modelsBased on the variables used in the productivity model suggested for measuring business, such models can be grouped into three categories as follows:https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlProductivity model - Business modelsIn 1955, Davis published a book titled Productivity Accounting in which he presented a productivity index model. Based on Davis model several versions have been developed, yet, the basic solution is always the same (Kendrick Creamer 1965, Craig Harris 1973, Hines 1976, Mundel 1983, Sumanth 1979). The only variable in the index model is productivity, which implies that the model can not be used for describing the production function. Therefore, the model is not introduced in more detail here.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlProductivity model - Business modelsPPPV is the abbreviation for the following variables, profitability being expressed as a function of them:https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlProductivity model - Business modelsProfitability = f (Productivity, Prices, Volume)https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlProductivity model - Business modelsThe model is linked to the profit and loss statement so that profitability is expressed as a function of productivity, volume and unit prices. Productivity and volume are the variables of a production function, and using them makes it is possible to describe the real process. A change in unit prices describes a change of production income distribution.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlProductivity model - Business modelsPPPR is the abbreviation for the following function:https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlProductivity model - Business modelsIn this model, the variables of profitability are productivity and price recoveryhttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness modelsA 'business model' describes the Explanation|rationale of how an organization creates, delivers, and captures value,Business Model Generation, A. Osterwalder, Yves Pigneur, Alan Smith, and 470 practitioners from 45 countries, self published, 2010 in economic, social, cultural or other contexts. The process of business model construction is part of business strategy.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models A systematic review and analysis of manager responses to a survey defines business models as the design of organizational structures to enact a commercial opportunity.George,G and Bock AJhttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness modelsBusiness models are used to describe and classify businesses, especially in an entrepreneurial setting, but they are also used by managers inside companies to explore possibilities for future development. Well-known business models can operate as recipes for creative managers. Business models are also referred to in some instances within the context of accounting for purposes of public reporting.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models - History Over the years, business models have become much more sophisticatedhttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models - History In the 1950s, new business models came from McDonald's Restaurants and Toyota. In the 1960s, the innovators were Wal-Mart and Hypermarkets. The 1970s saw new business models from FedEx and Toys R Us; the 1980s from Blockbuster (movie rental store)|Blockbuster, Home Depot, Intel, and Dell Computer; the 1990s from Southwest Airlines, Netflix, eBay, Amazon.com, and Starbucks.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models - History Today, the type of business models might depend on how technology is used. For example, entrepreneurs on the internet have also created entirely new models that depend entirely on existing or emergent technology. Using technology, businesses can reach a large number of customers with minimal costs.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models - Design logic and narrative coherenceIn further extensions to the design logic, George and Bock (2012) use case studies and the IBM survey data on business models in large companies to describe how CEOs and entrepreneurs create narratives or stories in a coherent manner to move the business from one opportunity to anotherhttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models - Shift from Pipes to Platforms Platforms], Sangeet Paul Choudary, Wired Magazine Choudary, of Platform Thinking,[http://platformed.info Platform Thinking], Sangeet Paul Choudary contrasts Pipes, linear business models, with Platforms, networked business modelshttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models - Shift from Pipes to Platforms In an op-ed on MarketWatch,[http://www.marketwatch.com/story/what-twitter-knows-that-blackberry-didnt-2013-10-10 What Twitter knows that Blackberry didn't], Choudary, Van Alstyne, Parker, MarketWatch Choudary, Marshall Van Alstyne|Van Alstyne and Geoffrey G Parker|Parker further explain how business models are moving from Pipes to Platforms leading to disruption of entire industries.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models - Platform Business Models Data is at the heart of successful matchmaking, and distinguishes platforms from other business models.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models - Platform Business Models He suggested that the service industry such as the airline, traffic, transportation, hotel, restaurant, Information and Communications Technology and Online gaming industries will be able to benefit in adopting business models that take into account the characteristics of Web 2.0https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models - Applications Thomas W. Malone|Malone et al.[http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=920667 Do Some Business Models Perform Better than Others?], Malone et al., May 2006 at MIT found that some business models, as defined by them, indeed performed better than others in a dataset consisting of the largest U.S. firms, in the period 1998 through 2002, while they did not prove whether the existence of a business model mattered.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models - Applications In the context of the Software-Cluster, which is funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, a https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models - Applications [http://www.software-business-model.com business model wizard] for software companies has been developed. It supports the design and analysis of software business models. The tool's underlying concept and data were published in various scientific publications.[http://softwareindustrysurvey.de Software Industry Survey], Pussep, A; Schief,M and Buxmann,P Sep 2012https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models - Applications The concept of a business model has been incorporated into certain accounting standardshttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models - Applications Both IASB and FASB have proposed using the concept of business model in the context of reporting a lessor's lease income and lease expense within their joint project on accounting for leaseshttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models - Business model design'Business model design' refers to the activity of designing a company's business model. It is part of the business development and business strategy process and involves design methods.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models - Economic consideration Stewart and Zhao (2000) defined the business model as a statement of how a firm will make money and sustain its profit stream over time. Lee, G. K. and R. E. Cole. 2003. Internet Marketing, Business Models and Public Policy. Journal of Public Policy and Marketing 19 (Fall) 287-296.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models - Component consideration Clarifying Business Models: Origins, Present, and Future of the Concepthttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models - Strategic outcome Mayo and Brown (1999) considered the business model as the design of key interdependent systems that create and sustain a competitive business. Mayo, M. C. and G.S. Brown. 1999. Building a Competitive Business Model. Ivey Business Journal63 (3) 18-23.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models - Definitions of business model design or developmentZott and Amit (2009) consider business model design from the perspectives of design themes and design content. Design themes refer to the systems dominant value creation drivers and design content examines in greater detail the activities to be performed, the linking and sequencing of the activities and who will perform the activities.Zott, C. and R. Amit. 2009. Business Model Design: An Activity System Perspective. Long Range Planning 43 216-226https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models - Design themes emphasis of business model designDeveloping a Framework for Business Model Development with an emphasis on Design Themes, Lim (2010) proposed the Environment-Strategy-Structure-Operations (ESSO) Business Model Development which takes into consideration the alignment of the organizations strategy with the organization's structure, operations, and the environmental factors in achieving competitive advantage in varying combination of cost, quality, time, flexibility, innovation and affective.Lim, Mhttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models - Design content emphasis of business model design Business model design includes the modeling and description of a company's:https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models - Design content emphasis of business model design * value propositionshttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models - Design content emphasis of business model design * distribution channelshttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models - Design content emphasis of business model design * customer relationshipshttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models - Design content emphasis of business model design * value configurationshttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models - Design content emphasis of business model design Business model design is distinct from Business process modeling|business modeling. The former refers to defining the business logic of a company at the strategic level, whereas the latter refers to business process design at the operational level.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models - Design content emphasis of business model design A business model design template can facilitate the process of designing and describing a company's business model.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models - Design content emphasis of business model design Daas et alhttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models - Examples of business models * Bricks and clicks|Bricks and clicks business modelhttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models - Examples of business models :Business model by which a company integrates both On-line and off-line|offline (bricks) and online (clicks) presences. One example of the bricks-and-clicks model is when a chain of stores allows the user to order products online, but lets them pick up their order at a local store.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models - Examples of business models :Business system, organization or association typically composed of relatively large numbers of businesses, tradespersons or professionals in the same or related fields of endeavor, which pools resources, shares information or provides other benefits for their membershttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models - Examples of business models * Disintermediation|Cutting out the middleman modelhttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models - Examples of business models :The removal of intermediary|intermediaries in a supply chain: cutting out the middleman. Instead of going through traditional distribution channels, which had some type of intermediate (such as a distribution (business)|distributor, wholesaler, broker, or agency (law)|agent), companies may now deal with every customer directly, for example via the Internet.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models - Examples of business models :Direct selling is marketing and selling products to consumers directly, away from a fixed retail locationhttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models - Examples of business models * distribution (business)|Distribution business models, varioushttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models - Examples of business models It is one of the latest collaborative business models which can help in faster development cycles and is adopted by many Technology companies especially softwarehttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models - Examples of business models :Business model which works by charging the first client a fee for a service, while offering that service free of charge to subsequent clients.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models - Examples of business models :Franchising is the practice of using another firm's successful business model. For the franchisor, the franchise is an alternative to building 'chain stores' to distribute goods and avoid investment and liability over a chain. The franchisor's success is the success of the franchisees. The franchisee is said to have a greater incentive than a direct employee because he or she has a direct stake in the business.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models - Examples of business models :Business model that works by offering basic Web services, or a basic downloadable digital product, for free, while charging a premium for advanced or special features.JLM de la Iglesia, JEL Gayo, Doing business by selling free services. Web 2.0: The Business Model, 2008. Springerhttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models - Examples of business models * Auction business modelhttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models - Examples of business models * All-in-one business modelhttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models - Examples of business models * Low-cost carrier|Low-cost carrier business modelhttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models - Examples of business models * Loyalty business modelshttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models - Examples of business models * Multi-level marketing|Multi-level marketing business modelhttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models - Examples of business models * Online auction business modelhttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models - Examples of business models * Professional open-source|Professional open-source modelhttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models - Examples of business models * Pyramid scheme|Pyramid scheme business modelhttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models - Examples of business models * Freebie marketing|Razor and blades business modelhttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models - Examples of business models * Service economy|Servitization of products business modelhttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models - Business model frameworksTowards a Component-based Description of Business Models: A State-of-the-Art Analysishttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models - Business model frameworks:Business reference model is a reference model, concentrating on the Business architecture|architectural aspects of the core business of an enterprise, service organization or government agency.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models - Business model frameworks:Technique developed by IBM to model and analyze an enterprise. It is a logical representation or map of business components or building blocks and can be depicted on a single page. It can be used to analyze the alignment of enterprise strategy with the organization's capabilities and investments, identify redundant or overlapping business capabilities, etc.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models - Business model frameworks* Industrialization of services business modelhttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models - Business model frameworks:Business model used in strategic management and services marketing that treats service provision as an industrial process, subject to industrial optimization procedureshttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models - Business model frameworks* Business Model Canvashttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models - Business model frameworks:Developed by A. Osterwalder, Yves Pigneur, Alan Smith, and 470 practitioners from 45 countries, the business model canvas [http://www.hec.unil.ch/aosterwa/PhD/Osterwalder_PhD_BM_Ontology.pdf The Business Model Ontology - A Proposition In A Design Science Approach] is one of the most used frameworks for describing the elements of business models.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models - Related concepts The process of business model design is part of business strategy. The implementation of a company's business model into organisational structures (e.g. organigrams, workflows, human resources) and systems (e.g. information technology architecture, production lines) is part of a company's business operations.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models - Related concepts It is important to understand that business modeling commonly refers to Business process|business process design at the operational level, whereas business models and business model design refer to defining the business logic of a company at the strategic level. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models - Related concepts The brand is a consequence of and has a symbiotic relationship with the business model since the business model determines the brand promise and the brand equity becomes a feature of the model. Managing this is a task of integrated marketing.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models - Related concepts The standard terminology and examples of business models do not apply to most nonprofit organizations, since their sources of income are generally not the same as the beneficiaries. The term 'funding model' is generally used instead.William Foster, Peter Kim, Barbara Christiansen.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models - Related concepts [http://www.bridgespan.org/ten-nonprofit-funding-models.aspx Ten Nonprofit Funding Models], Stanford Social Innovation Review. 2009-03-05.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models for open-source softwareOpen-source software is widely used for public and non-commercial applicationshttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models for open-source software - Challenges Open-source software can be sold and used in general Commerce|commercially. Also, commercial open-source applications are a part of the software industry for some time. Despite that, except for Red Hat and VA Software, no other pure open-source company has gone public on the major stock markets. While commercialization or funding of open-source software projects is possible, it is considered challenging.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models for open-source software - Challenges Since several open-source licenses stipulate that derived works must distribute their intellectual property under an open-source (copyleft) license, ISVs and VARs have to develop new legal and technical mechanisms to foster their commercial goals as many traditional mechanisms are not directly applicable anymore.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models for open-source software - Challenges Traditional business wisdom suggests that a company's methods, assets, and intellectual properties should remain concealed from market competitors as long as possible to maximize the profitable commercialization time of a new producthttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models for open-source software - Challenges Therefore, there is considerable debate about whether vendors can make a sustainable business from an open-source strategyhttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models for open-source software - Challenges A variety of open-source compatible business approaches have gained prominence in recent years; notable examples include dual licensing, software as a service, not charging for the software but for services, freemium, donation-based funding, and crowdfunding (see the #Approaches|Approaches section, below).https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models for open-source software - Challenges The underlying objective of these business models is to harness the size and international scope of the open-source community (typically more than an order of magnitude larger than what would be achieved with closed-source models) for a sustainable commercial venturehttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models for open-source software - Approaches There are several different types of business models for making Profit (economics)|profit using open-source software (OSS) or funding the creation. Below are existing and legal commercial business approaches in context of open-source software and open-source licenses. The acceptance of these approaches varies, some of these approaches are recommended (like selling services), some are accepted and some are considered controversial or even unethical by the open-source community.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models for open-source software - Dual-licensing Dual licensing offers the software under an open-source license but also under separate proprietary license termshttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models for open-source software - Selling professional services The financial return of costs on open-source software can also come from selling Service (economics)|services, such as training, technical support, or Information technology consulting|consulting rather than the software itself.[http://www.linuxinsider.com/story/79341.html][http://www.cio.com/article/728794/6_Reasons_to_Pay_for_Open_Source_Software]https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models for open-source software - Selling professional services Another possibility is offering open-source software in source code form only, while providing executable binaries to paying customers only, offering the commercial service of compiling and package (package management system)|packaging of the software. Also, providing goods like physical Data storage device|installation media (e.g. DVDs) can be a commercial service.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models for open-source software - Selling professional services Open-source companies using this business model successfully are for instance RedHat and IBM; a more specialized example is that of Revolution Analytics.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models for open-source software - Selling of branded merchandise Some open-source organizations, for instance Mozilla Foundation[http://www.mozillazine.org/articles/article4484.html Mozilla Foundation Open Letter Orders Unofficial Mozilla Merchandise Sellers to Stop, Legal Action Hinted] (March 16, 2004) or the Wikimedia Foundation,[http://shop.wikimedia.org/ The Wikimedia Shop], The official online store for Wikipedia and its sister projectshttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models for open-source software - Selling software as a serviceSelling subscription business model|subscriptions for online accounts and server access to customers is a way of making profit based on open-source software. Also, combining desktop software with a service, called software plus services. Providing cloud computing services or software as a service (SaaS) without the release of the open-source software itself, neither in binary nor in source form, is conform with most open-source licenses (with exception of the Affero General Public License|AGPL).https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models for open-source software - Selling software as a serviceWhile legal, Richard Stallman calls SaaS inherently bad as the software freedoms are not givenhttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models for open-source software - Partnership with funding organizations Other financial situations include partnerships with other companies. Governments, universities, companies or other non-governmental organizations may develop internally or hire a contractor for custom in-house modifications to software, then release that code under an open-source license. Some organizations support the development of open source software by grants or stipends, like Google with the Summer of Code initiative founded in 2005.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models for open-source software - Voluntary donations Also, there were experiments by Independent developers to fund development of open-source software donation-driven directly by the users, e.ghttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models for open-source software - Voluntary donations Also, bigger donation campaigns exist. For instance, in 2004 the Mozilla Foundation had a fundraising campaign to support the launch of the Firefox 1.0 web browser. A two-page ad in the December 16 edition of the New York Times, placed by Mozilla Foundation in coordination with Spread Firefox, featured the names of the thousands of people worldwide who donated to the campaign.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models for open-source software - Bounties The users of a particular software artifact may come together and pool money into an open-source bounty for the implementation of a desired feature or functionality.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models for open-source software - Bounties Offered bounty (reward)|bounties as funding approach exists since some time, for instance Bountysource is web platform which offers this funding model for open source software since 2003. Also, Mozilla Foundation|Mozilla has a security bug hunting bounty program since 2004.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models for open-source software - Pre-order/crowdfunding/reverse-bounty model A newer funding opportunity for open-source software projects is crowdfunding, which shares similarities with the pre-order or Praenumeration business model, as well as the reverse bounty modelhttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models for open-source software - Advertising-supported software In order to commercialize FOSS, many companies (including Google, Mozilla, and Ubuntu (operating system)|Ubuntu) have moved towards an economic model of advertising-supported softwarehttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models for open-source software - Selling of optional proprietary extensions Some companies sell proprietary but optional extensions, modules, Plug-in (computing)|plugins or Browser extension|add-ons to an open-source software producthttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models for open-source software - Selling of optional proprietary extensions This approach is a variant of the freemium business modelhttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models for open-source software - Selling of optional proprietary extensions Some companies sell proprietary but optional digital electronics hardware controlled by an open-source software product. Examples include Digium.[http://ecorner.stanford.edu/authorMaterialInfo.html?mid=1565 Twenty Years of Experience in Developing Software in Silicon Valley], Kim Polese lecture to Stanford University engineering entrepreneurship students, 2005.11.09https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models for open-source software - Selling of required proprietary parts of a software product A variant of the approach above is the keeping of required data content (for instance a video game's audio, graphic and other art assets) of a software product proprietary while making the software's source-code open-sourcehttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models for open-source software - Selling of required proprietary parts of a software product The similar product bundling of an open-source software product with a proprietary hardware part is called tivoization and legal with most open-source licenses but GPLv3 which explicitely prohibits this use-case.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models for open-source software - Re-licensing under a proprietary license If a software product uses only own software and open-source software under a Permissive free software licence, a company can re-license the resulting software product under a proprietary license and sell the product without the source code or The Free Software Definition|software freedomshttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models for open-source software - Obfuscation of source code An approach to allow commercialization under some open-source licenses while still protecting crucial business secrets, intellectual property and technical know-how is Obfuscation (software)|obfuscation of source codehttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models for open-source software - Obfuscation of source code The Free Software Foundation, on the other hand is clearly against this practice.Obfuscated source code is not real source code and does not count as source code. - http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.htmlhttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models for open-source software - Delayed open-sourcing Some companies provide the latest version available only to paying customershttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models for open-source software - Delayed open-sourcing A extreme variant of time-delayed open-sourcing is a business practice popularized by Id Software[http://web.archive.org/web/20131208041324/http://www.h-online.com/open/news/item/id-Software-releases-Doom-3-source-code-1383572.html id Software releases Doom 3 source code] on h-online.com (3 November 2011)[http://www.pocketgamer.co.uk/r/iPhone/Wolfenstein+3D+Classic/news.asp?c=12324 id Software makes iPhone Wolfenstein open source] by Spanner Spencer (March 2009) and 3D Realms[http://www.3drealms.com/news/2005/04/shadow_warrior_12.html Shadow Warrior Source Code Released] 3D Realms (1https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models for open-source software - Delayed open-sourcing Popular non-game software examples are the Netscape Communicator which was open sourced 1998 and the office suite StarOffice which was released by Sun Microsystems in October 2000 on their commercial end of life. Both releases became the base of important open-source projects, namely the Mozilla Firefox and OpenOffice.org/LibreOffice.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models for open-source software - Delayed open-sourcing This approach works only with own source code or with software under specific open-source licenses, namely the Permissive free software licence|permissive licences, as there is no copy-left license available which allows the opening of source-code in a defined delayed time-window after distributing or selling of a software product.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models for open-source software - FOSS and economyAccording to Yochai Benkler, Jack N. and Lillian R. Berkman Professor for Entrepreneurial Legal Studies at Harvard Law School, free software is the most visible part of a new economy of commons-based peer production of information, knowledge, and culture. As examples, he cites a variety of FOSS projects, including both free software and open source.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models for open-source software - FOSS and economyThis new economy is already under development. In order to commercialize FOSS, many companies, Google being the most successful, are moving towards an economic model of advertising-supported software. In such a model, the only way to increase revenue is to make the advertising more valuable. Facebook has recently come under fire for using novel user tracking methods to accomplish this.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models for open-source software - FOSS and economyThis new economy is not without alternativeshttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models for open-source software - Examples Much of the Internet runs on open-source software tools and utilities such as Linux, Apache HTTP Server|Apache, MySQL, and PHP, known as the LAMP (software bundle)|LAMP stack for web servers. Using open source appeals to software developers for three main reasons: low or no cost, access to source code they can tailor themselves, and a shared community that ensures a generally robust code base, with quick fixes for any new issues that surface.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models for open-source software - Examples Despite doing much business in proprietary software, some companies like Oracle Corporation and IBM participated in developing free and open-source software to deter from monopoly|monopolies and take a portion of market share for themselveshttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models for open-source software - Examples * Active Agenda is offered for free, but requires all extensions to be shared back with the world community. The project sells a Non-Reciprocal Private License to anyone interested in keeping module extensions private.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models for open-source software - Examples * Adobe Systems offers Adobe Flex|Flex for free, while selling the Adobe Flash Builder|Flash Builder Integrated development environment|IDE.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models for open-source software - Examples * Asterisk (PBX), digital electronics hardware controlled by open-source software https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models for open-source software - Examples * Canonical Ltd. offers Ubuntu (operating system)|Ubuntu for free, while they sell commercial technical support contracts.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models for open-source software - Examples * Francisco Burzi offers PHP-Nuke for free, but the latest version is offered commercially.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models for open-source software - Examples * DaDaBIK, although following a donationware approach, requires a small, minimum donation fee, to be downloaded.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models for open-source software - Examples * Linux Technology Center|IBM proprietary Linux software, where IBM delivers database software, middleware and other software. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models for open-source software - Examples * Ingres (database)|Ingres is offered for free, but services support are offered as part of a subscription. The Ingres Icebreaker Appliance is also offered as a commercial database appliance.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models for open-source software - Examples * id Software releases their legacy game engines under the GPL, while retaining proprietary ownership on their latest incarnation.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models for open-source software - Examples * Mozilla Foundation have a partnership with Google and other companies which provides revenue for inclusion of search engines in Mozilla Firefox.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models for open-source software - Examples * MySQL is offered for free, but with the enterprise version includes support and additional features.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models for open-source software - Examples * OpenSearchServer offers its community edition on SourceForge and an enterprise edition with professional services to enterprises with a paid licensehttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models for open-source software - Examples * Oracle Corporation|Oracle - VirtualBox is free and open-source to anyone, but the Virtualbox#Features only available with the extension pack|VirtualBox extension pack can only be used for free at home, therefore requiring payment for businesshttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models for open-source software - Examples * Red Hat sells support subscriptions for Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) which is an enterprise distribution periodically forked from the community-developed Fedora (Linux distribution)|Fedora.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models for open-source software - Examples * Sourcefire offers Snort (software)|Snort for free, while selling Sourcefire 3D.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models for open-source software - Examples * Sun Microsystems (Sun acquisition by Oracle|acquired by Oracle in 2010) once offered OpenOffice.org for free, while selling StarOffice.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models for open-source software - Examples * Untangle provides its Lite Package for free, while selling its Standard and Premium Packages by subscription.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBusiness models for open-source software - Examples * Zend Technologies offers Zend Server CE and Zend Framework for free, but sells Zend Server with support and additional features.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBrothel - Brothel business modelsBrothels are businesses in which prostitutes or sex workers provide sexual services to their patrons. Brothels vary in size and style, as do the range of services each offers. They operate using a variety of business models, including:https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBrothel - Brothel business models* its prostitutes may operate as contract workers who pay part of their earnings to the brothel. They may at times be expected to tip support staff (cleaners, limo drivers, etc.). They will usually not receive benefits, such as health insurance, and no withholding for taxes.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBrothel - Brothel business models* its prostitutes may be employees who receive a small fixed salary and a portion of the money paid by the customer, the balance of which is retained by the brothel.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBrothel - Brothel business models* its prostitutes may pay a fee for use of brothel facilities, with the brothel owner not being involved in the financial transaction between a prostitute and client.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBrothel - Brothel business modelsIn most cases, prostitutes are at liberty to determine whether they will engage in a particular type of sexual activity, but forced prostitution exists in some places around the world, as does sexual slavery.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBrothel - Brothel business modelsProstitution and the operation of brothels is legal in some countries, but illegal in othershttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlWeb browsers - Business modelsToday, most commercial web browsers are paid by search engine companies to make the search engine their default search engine (the most valuable prize) or to include them as another optionhttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlDomain names - Business modelsDomain names are often seen in analogy to real estate in that (1) domain names are foundations on which a website (like a house or commercial building) can be built and (2) the highest quality domain names, like sought-after real estate, tend to carry significant value, usually due to their online brand-building potential, use in advertising, search engine optimization, and many other criteria.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlDomain names - Business modelsBecause of the popularity of the Internet, many desirable domain names are already assigned and users must search for other acceptable names, using Web-based search features, or WHOIS and Domain Information Groper|dig operating system tools. Many registrars have implemented 'Domain name suggestion' tools which search domain name databases and suggest available alternative domain names related to keywords provided by the user.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlComparison shopping website - Business models Price comparison sites typically do not charge users anything to use the sitehttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlReview site - Business models Review sites are generally supported by advertising. Some business review sites may also allow businesses to pay for enhanced listings, which do not affect the reviews and ratings. Product review sites may be supported by providing Affiliate marketing|affiliate links to the websites that sell the reviewed items.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlReview site - Business models With the growing popularity of affiliate programs on the Internet, a new sort of review site has emerged - the affiliate product review sitehttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlReview site - Business models Because of the specialized marketing thrust of this type of website, the reviews are not objective.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlFree and open source hardware - Business models Can Open Source Hardware Work?, Wired Magazine, October 2008] There are many applicable business models for implementing some open source hardware even in traditional firmshttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlWebTrain - Business Models WebTrain provides paid services under various pricing models with a free 30 day trial on the 25 seat plan. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlWebTrain - Business Models Webtrain is branded as [http://www.mybluetrain.com BlueTrain] and offers two service levels, namely: [http://www.mybluetrain.com/products/bluetrain-express- BlueTrain Express] and [http://www.mybluetrain.com/products/bluetrain/ BlueTrain]https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlForeign currency exchange - Business modelsA bureau de change is a business which, in competition with other similar businesses, makes its profit by selling currency at a higher exchange rate than a rate at which it buys the same currency, as well as any Commission (remuneration)|commission or fee it may charge. In setting its exchange rates, it must keep an eye on the rates quoted by competitors, and may be subject to government foreign exchange controls and other regulations.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlForeign currency exchange - Business modelsThe exchange rates charged at bureaux are generally related to the spot prices available for large interbank transactions, and are adjusted to ensure a profit. The rate at which a bureau will buy currency differs from that at which it will sell it; for every currency it trades both will be on display, generally in the shop window.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlForeign currency exchange - Business modelsSo the bureau sells at a lower rate from that at which it buys. For example a UK bureau may sell euro|1.40 for Pound sterling|1 but buy 1.60 for 1.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlForeign currency exchange - Business modelsSo if the spot price on a particular day is 1.50 to 1, in theory 2 will buy 3, but in practice this would be hard if not impossible for average consumers to get. If the bureau de change buys 1 from a consumer for 1.40 and then sells 1 for 1.60, the 20 difference makes a profit. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlForeign currency exchange - Business modelsThis business model can be upset by a currency run when there are far more buyers than sellers (or vice versa) because they feel a particular currency is overvalued or undervalued and becomes not worth a Continental dollar|Continental.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlForeign currency exchange - Business modelsThe business may also charge a commission on the transactionhttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlForeign currency exchange - Business modelsIn recent years together with emergence of online banking, currency exchange services also gradually go onlinehttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlStock management - Business modelsJust-in-time Inventory (JIT), Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) and Customer Managed Inventory (CMI) are a few of the popular models being employed by organizations looking to have greater stock management control. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlStock management - Business modelsJIT is a model that attempts to replenish inventory for organizations when the inventory is required. The model attempts to avoid excess inventory and its associated costs. As a result, companies receive inventory only when the need for more stock is approaching.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlStock management - Business modelsVMI and CMI are two business models that adhere to the JIT inventory principles. VMI gives the vendor in a vendor/customer relationship the ability to monitor, plan and control inventory for their customers. Customers relinquish the order making responsibilities in exchange for timely inventory replenishment that increases organizational efficiency. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlStock management - Business modelsCMI allows the customer to order and control their inventory from their vendors/suppliers. Both VMI and CMI benefit the vendor as well as the customer. Vendors see a significant increase in sales due to increased inventory turns and cost savings realized by their customers, while customers realize similar benefits.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlCar rental - Business modelsCar rental companies operate by purchasing or leasing a number of fleet vehicles and renting them to their customers for a feehttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlCar rental - Business modelsIn the UK, the registration of rental cars can be concealed by using unfamiliar initials or subsidiaries, which can increase the resale value via manufacturer or third party dealers. In North America, it is common to see rental companies with their own branded second-hand car dealers where ex-rental stock is sold direct to the public. Alternatively, auctions are often used such as Manheim Auctions in the USA.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlTri-license - Business modelsThe other editions, such as the MySQL Classic Edition or MySQL Community Edition, are free to use with some restrictions. For instance, the MySQL Community Edition is a freely downloadable version, available under the GPL license and is supported by a community of open source developers.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBancassurance - Business models across the worldIntegrated models is insurance activity deeply integrated with bank's processes. Premium is usually collected by the bank, usually direct debit from customer's account held in that bank. New business data entry is done in the bank branches and workflows between the bank and the insurance companies are automated. In most cases, asset management is done by the banks asset management subsidiary.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBancassurance - Business models across the worldInsurance products are distributed by branch staff, which is sometimes supported by specialised insurance advisers for more sophisticated products or for certain types of clients. Life insurance products are fully integrated in the banks range of savings and investment products and the trend is for branch staff to sell a growing number of insurance products that are becoming farther removed from its core business, e.g., protection, health, or non-life products.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBancassurance - Business models across the worldProducts are mainly medium- and long-term tax-advantaged investment products. They are designed specifically for bancassurance channels to meet the needs of branch advisers in terms of simplicity and similarity with banking products. In particular, these products often have a low-risk insurance component.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBancassurance - Business models across the worldBank branches receive commissions for the sale of life insurance products. Part of the commissions can be paid to branch staff as commissions or bonuses based on the achievement of sales targets.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBancassurance - Business models across the worldNon-integrated models The sale of life insurance products by branch staff has been limited by regulatory constraints since most investment-based products can only be sold by authorised financial advisers who have obtained a minimum qualification.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBancassurance - Business models across the worldBanks have therefore set up networks of financial advisers authorised to sell regulated insurance products.They usually operate as tied agents and sell exclusively the products manufactured by the banks in-house insurance company or its third-party provider(s).https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBancassurance - Business models across the worldA proactive approach is used to generate leads for the financial advisers from the customer base, including through mailings and telesales. There is increasing focus on developing relationships with the large number of customers who rarely or never visit a bank branch.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBancassurance - Business models across the worldFinancial planners are typically employed by the bank or building society rather than the life company and usually receive a basic salary plus a bonus element based on a combination of factors including sales volumes, persistency, and product mix.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBancassurance - Business models across the worldFollowing the reform of the polarisation regime, banks will have the possibility to become multi-tied distributors offering a range of products from different providers. This has the potential to strengthen the position of bancassurers by allowing them to meet their customers needs.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlCredit rating agencies - Business modelsThe subscription approach was the prevailing business model until the early 1970s, when Moody's Investors Service|Moody's, Fitch Ratings|Fitch, and finally Standard Poor's#Credit ratings|Standard Poor's adopted the issuer-pays modelhttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBrothels - Brothel business modelsBrothels are businesses in which sex workers provide sexual services to their patrons. Brothels vary in size, style, and range of services offered. They operate using a variety of business models, including:https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBrothels - Brothel business modelsProstitution and the operation of brothels are legal in some countries, but illegal in others. In countries where prostitution or the operation of brothels is illegal, establishments providing sex services may describe themselves as bar (establishment)|bars, massage parlors, saunas, spas, strip clubs, or some other front.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlBrothels - Brothel business modelsEven in countries where prostitution and brothels are legal, brothels may be subject to many and varied restrictionshttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlJabong.com - Business modelsJabong.com follows both an inventory model and a managed marketplace model. In the inventory model, products are sourced from brands and stored in the Jabong warehouse. In the managed marketplace model, Jabong provides marketing, logistics and delivery.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlTabletop role-playing game - Business models Role-playing games are produced under a variety of business models, which succeed or fail based on those models' objectiveshttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlTabletop role-playing game - Business models The standard business model for successful RPGs relies on multiple sales avenues:https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlTabletop role-playing game - Business models * the so-called three-tier (alcohol distribution)|three-tier distribution model, under which the company sells products to distributors who in turn sell the products to retailers who sell to customershttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlTabletop role-playing game - Business models * direct sales via the internet, through an online retailer or through the company's own electric storefront. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlTabletop role-playing game - Business models * electronic sales and distribution, either without any physical product at all (e-books) or through a Print on demand|POD service. Once limited to small companies, this sales venue is now employed by publishers of all sizes.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlTabletop role-playing game - Business models * attendance at conventions and events; this is particularly common among live-action games.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlTabletop role-playing game - Business models Typically, RPG publishers have a very long life cycle once they manage to generate an initial successful gamehttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlList of massively multiplayer online role-playing games - Business modelsMMORPGs today use a wide range of business models, from free of charge (with microtransactions) or advertise funded to various kinds of payment plans. This list uses the following terms.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlList of massively multiplayer online role-playing games - Business models*Free-to-play (F2P) means that there is no cost to purchase the software and there is no subscription charge or added payments needed to access game content. Variably applies to traditionally bought and forever available games. Almost all newer MMOs that fall under this category now includes heavy microtransactions however, which causes them to overlap with the Freemium model most of the time.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlList of massively multiplayer online role-playing games - Business models*Freemium means that the majority or all of the game's content is available for free but players can pay for extra content, added perks or faster advancement into the game via microtransaction|microtransactions.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlList of massively multiplayer online role-playing games - Business models*Pay to play|Pay-to-play means that the MMO can only be played through purchasing of the game box or/as well as paying a monthly subscription fee for access to the game after the free trial from the game box has expired. This is the least common model as games must be exceptionally successful and popular in order to keep their players invested so that they continue to pay the subscription fee.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-business-models-toolkit.htmlFor More Information, Visit:

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