business opportunities and policy challenges for the ... energy/eve… · business opportunities...

18-06-2019 12:45-13:30

Challenge the future

Delft University of Technology

Business opportunities and policy challenges for the adoption of energy flexible buildings Erwin Mlecnik, Management in the Built Environment, Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment, TU Delft, the Netherlands Lunch lecture, 3mE, room D, TU Delft

2 Energy Flexible Buildings – Erwin Mlecnik – 18-06-2019 | 36

Content 1. Energy flexible buildings: challenges

2. Research overview (IEA EBC Annex 67 work)

3. Opportunities and barriers perceived by stakeholders

4. Conclusion & Future research


Evolution and projection of Energy Use 1930-2100 Source figure: De Lage Landen 2020-2100 Een toekomstverkenning (2017) MBZ en Koninkrijkrelaties, Vlaamse Overheid Departement Omgeving, Team Vlaams Bouwmeester, College van Rijksadviseurs

1. Challenges

Oil

Coal

Gas

Nuclear Wood

Solar

Wind

Renewable

Heat

Ener

gy u

se


Source figure: De Lage Landen 2020-2100 Een toekomstverkenning. MBZ en Koninkrijkrelaties, Vlaamse Overheid Departement Omgeving, Team Vlaams Bouwmeester, College van Rijksadviseurs, (2017)

1. Challenges

“About 40% CO2 emissions can be related to buildings” “Limited land use possibilities for renewable energy systems” “Buildings should become smart-grid ready”


EU policy

Target date

Cut in greenhouse gas emission (ref. 1990)

Energy share from renewables

Increase in energy efficiency

2020 20% 20% 20%

Policy ambitions

1. Challenges “The proportion of renewable energy may rise to 50% by 2030”


EU policy

Target date




2020 20% 20% 20%

Status Netherlands

2018 ?

1. Challenges

Policy ambitions


EU policy

Target date




2020 20% 20% 20%

Status Netherlands

2018 14,5% 7,3%

1. Challenges

Policy ambitions


The built environment could respond better to (volatile) renewable energy supply

Example total energy consumption (red) and wind power production (grey) versus time in Denmark; Source: S. Ø. Jensen, DTI, IEA EBC Annex 67

1. Challenges Denmark:

Renewable energy share 2018: 32,7%


Source: Soren Dyck-Madsen, The Danish Ecological Council, workshop IEA EBC Annex 67, Aalborg 4-4-2019

1. Challenges


Source figure: Electricity Grids for the Future, Danish Energy, 2018. Soren Dyck-Madsen, The Danish Ecological Council, workshop IEA EBC Annex 67, Aalborg 4-4-2019

1. Challenges


2. IEA EBC Annex 67 Energy flexible buildings

www.annex67.org June 2014 –June 2015: Preparation phase June 2015 –June 2018: Working phase June 2018 –June 2019: Reporting phase Subtask A: Definitions and Context

-Common terminology and definition of Energy Flexibility in buildings

-Methodology for characterization of Energy Flexibility in buildings

-User needs, motivation and barriers for application of EF in building

-Market analysis

Subtask B: Analysis, Development and Testing

Subtask C: Demonstration and User Perspectives

-Measurements in existing buildings

-Demonstration of Energy Flexibility in real buildings and clusters

-User motivation and acceptance

Austria Belgium Canada China Denmark Finland France Germany Ireland Italy Norway Portugal Spain Switzerland The Netherlands UK

http://www.annex67.org/


Energy flexible buildings Energy flexibility in a building = the ability to manage demand and generation according to local climate conditions, user needs and grid requirements (Østergaard Jensen & Marszal, 2016)

“Most buildings have the ability to become energy flexible” (S.Ø. Jensen)

Source: S. Ø. Jensen, DTI, IEA EBC Annex 67


Opportunities for using buildings for energy flexibility

Source: S. Ø. Jensen, DTI, IEA EBC Annex 67


Examples of energy flexibility in buildings

Source: Peter Engelmann, Fraunhofer Institute, IEA EBC Annex 67


Content 1. Introduction: energy flexible buildings challenge

2. IEA EBC Annex 67 work


4. Conclusion & Future research


IEA EBC Annex 67 Energy flexible buildings

www.annex67.org Subtask A: Definitions and Context

-Common terminology and definition of Energy Flexibility in buildings

-Methodology for characterization of Energy Flexibility in buildings

-User needs, motivation and barriers for application of EF in building

-Market analysis

Subtask B: Analysis, Development and Testing

Subtask C: Demonstration and User Perspectives

-Measurements in existing buildings

-Demonstration of Energy Flexibility in real buildings and clusters

-User motivation and acceptance

Austria Belgium Canada China Denmark Finland France Germany Ireland Italy Norway Portugal Spain Switzerland The Netherlands UK Philippines



Research methods used in IEA EBC Annex 67

- Quantitative (questionnaires in various countries)

- Qualitative (interviews case studies: stakeholder experiences from projects implementing energy flexibility)

⇒Analysis of stakeholder barriers and opportunities for adopting energy flexible buildings


Opportunities and barriers for energy system operators

Source figure: Dansk Energi. Helle-Juhlee Verdoner, Dansk Energi, workshop IEA EBC Annex 67, Aalborg 4-4-2019


Opportunities and barriers for new market players

Aggregator = key enabler of flexibility, optimizes trading in spot and daily market = key mediator between the consumers and the energy market actors = acts like an energy use manager for the building, gets info from EMS Either decides who should be activated and how or sends incentives or messages to the ones deciding

Electricity transmission

operator

Electricity distribution operator

District heat network operator

Electricity producer

Energy cooperatives

Energy consumer/ prosumer

Aggregator

Algorithm


Opportunities and barriers for researchers/ energy services

Source figure: Junker, R.G., Azar, A.G., Lopes, R.A., Lindberg, K.B., Reynders, G., Relan, R., Madsen, H., 2018 “Characterizing the energy flexibility of buildings and districts”, Applied Energy 225, 1 September 2018, 175-182

GDPR


Opportunities and barriers for building users

Asset manager

Building manager

Owner-occupant

Renter-occupant

Asset owner

Area manager

Building owner

SUPPLY DEMAND


Example: development intelligent heat network campus TU Delft

IEA EBC Annex 67 Sub task C: Activity C.2.2.

Technical report published (Mlecnik, E., Hellinga, C., Stoelinga, P.)

on http://annex67.org/media/1491/case-study-tu-delft-campus.pdf [February 2018]

Why a smart heat network on campus? • Ambitious overall energy saving goals

• Maintenance actions to support energy saving • Deep renovation and replacement of campus buildings

• Integrating innovation in construction

• Transition of the energy grids and sources

http://annex67.org/media/1491/case-study-tu-delft-campus.pdf


ASSET MANAGERS’ CUSTOMER VALUES:

• ‘Older’ buildings can be made suitable for low supply temperature with relatively small

investments (compared to deep renovations)

• MPC control system was tested and shows saving of energy

ASSET MANAGERS’ CONCERNS:

• Risky testing in a working environment

• R&D costs

• MPC & servers unreliable; need for emergency controls

• Lack of standard control & management systems & data transfer

• Lack of data

RESULT:

• First focus on geothermal energy sourcing (needs engagement of additional

stakeholders)

Example: development intelligent heat network campus TU Delft



Source: D4 report, IE EBC Annex 67

Why use smart grids and technologies? - Financial savings (industrial & retail only) - Have home energy monitoring (technologically savvy users only) - Better integration of renewable energy sources (for sustainability

managers only)

Motivating factors: - Awareness raising - Energy savings - Allocation of savings


Source: D4 report, IE EBC Annex 67 & questionnaire Dutch households (Li, R. et al., 2017)

Why use smart grids and technologies? Discouraging factors: - No flexible energy tariffs - Energy flexibility is not necessarily energy saving - Other priorities: comfort guarantees, management strategy - Lack of awareness about smart grids and technologies



So far European Member States have had other priorities, such as the implementation of:

• Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD recast, 2010):

• Obligation for Member States to reach nearly-zero energy buildings a do regular

inspections of HVAC installations

• Energy Efficiency Directive (EED, 2012):

• Obligation for Member States to mobilize investment in renovation of national building

stock

• Most countries are currently still phasing out analog meters

Opportunities and barriers for policy makers


Energy Use Dutch Private Households

Source: CBS

Electricity Gas Renewable energy Heat Total



0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Existing housing New constructions Low energy houses NZEB houses

Space heating Sanitary hot water Ventilation Household equipment

-75%

-85%

Spec

ific

ener

gy d

eman

d in

kW

h/m

² per

yea

r] Opportunities and barriers for

policy makers


Member States might be sparked by:

• New Plan for the Energy Consumer (2016)/ Clean Energy Package (2018):

• Recommendation for Member States to enabling consumers to better participate in energy markets

• Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD recast, 2018): • More focus on integration of electrical vehicles • Recommendation to introduce ‘smart-grid’ ready buildings



Source: Verbeke S., Waide P., Bettenhäuser K., Usslar M., Bogaert S.: Support for setting up a Smart Readiness Indicator for buildings and related impact assessment -second progress report executive summary. June 2018; Brussels



Content 1. Introduction: energy flexible buildings challenge

2. IEA EBC Annex 67 work


4. Conclusion & future research


Conclusion Business opportunities and policy challenges for the adoption of energy flexible buildings? • Yes, there are new business opportunities (e.g. aggregators,

monitoring service providers,..). • The niche is only emerging: need for mutual learning, vision and

network formation. • The business models are still immature and experimental: stakeholder

values are poorly addressed. • The energy flexibility market is unlikely to develop without sticks &

carrots, communication & organisation for different types of stakeholders.


Conclusion Business opportunities and policy challenges for the adoption of energy flexible buildings? New EU Directives (EPBD 2018, CEP,..) introduce smart grid ready buildings. Many countries still have to identify this concept. There is an urgent need to agree on: • minimum renewable energy share standards

• strengthened requirements for energy efficiency

• open energy data • flexible tariffs Further recommendations: see IEA EBC Annex 67, D4 report

More information on www.annex67.org



Conclusion

Influencing factors

Most mentioned barrier Most mentioned policy opportunity to solve the barrier

Policy No incentives for shifting energy use in time Support flexible energy tariffs

Economic Insufficient financial benefits for end users Devise supporting incentives

Social Lack of knowledge Support awareness raising and co-creation (user engagement)

Technological Lack of appropriate on-site equipment and services

Support new business models for easy installation of solutions

Legal Lack of user control; privacy issues Guarantee user override and data security

Environmental Lack of targets regarding (primary) energy savings or CO2 emission savings

Set targets and require proof of environmental benefits

IEA EBC Annex 67 research (questionnaire & case studies) provided an overview of main business

development barriers and suggested policy incentives to solve business development barriers


Future research

Niche development

Policy

Energy Flexible Districts

DSM in district heat grids


Thank you!

The content of this presentation is derived from various national contributions to the IEA EBC Annex 67 work (2015-2019). Special thanks to Chris Hellinga (TU Delft, FMVG), Paul Stoelinga (Deerns), Jim Parker (University of Leeds), S.Ø. Jensen

(Danish Technological Institute), Zheng Ma (SDU), Christina Corchero (IREC), Armin Knotzer (AEE Intec), Roberta

Pernetti (EREC).

The Dutch contribution to the IEA EBC Annex 67 and the IPIN-project ‘Intelligent Warmtenet Campus TU Delft’ were

made possible thanks to funding by Rijksdienst voor Ondernemend Nederland/ Agentschap NL.

More information on www.annex67.org


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