business social responsibility 2004

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    TWO TOPICS

    ECONOMIC THEORY ANDBUSINESS SOCIAL

    RESPONSIBILITY ROLE OF BUSINESS SOCIAL

    RESPONSIBILITY IN

    DEVELOPMENT

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    THE MANY DIMENSIONS OF BUSINESSSOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

    1. One can do well by doing good- Acting in a responsible manner can be good for profits

    2. Good business goes beyond maximizingshareholder value - There are multiplestakeholdersworkers, customers,communities- A broader view of corporate governance

    - Reflected in many European countries legislation

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    KEY QUESTION

    Why cant we simply rely on firmsmaximizing market value

    Adam Smiths Invisible Hand suggeststhat doing so will lead to efficiency

    Modern economic theory helps explainwhy maximizing shareholder valuedoes not lead to economicefficiency

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    ADAM SMITHS INVISIBLE HAND

    Adam Smiths Invisible Hand said that pursuing self-

    interest leads to economic efficiency

    - But does not ensure either social justice, thepreservation of the environment, or human rights

    Many market failures involve externalitiesincludingenvironmental failures

    - When there are these market failures,

    maximizing shareholder value does not let toefficiency or societal well being

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    NEW UNDERSTANDING OFMARKET FAILURES

    Far more extensive--when information isimperfect and markets incomplete, the reasonthat the invisible hand often seems invisiblebecause its not there

    - Corporate greed in the 90s did not leadeven to maximization of long-termshareholder value, let alone interests ofothers, including the economy in general

    - Often took advantage of imperfect and asymmetricinformation Scandals involving investment banks, accountants,

    mutual funds, etc.

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    Recognizing that self-interest in animperfect guide restores the need formorality in economic behavior ofbusinesses Market Failures provide important

    rationale for Regulation-Environment

    -Conflict of interest Self-regulation, morality may be moreflexible than regulation

    MORALITY AND REGULATION

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    BUSINESS SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY:DEVELOPING COUNTRY CONTEXT

    Important role for business social responsibility indeveloping countries

    - Especially since regulatory structures highly

    imperfect- And moral values often stop at national borders

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    PARTICULAR AREAS OF CORPORATERESPONSIBILITY RELEVANT TO

    DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

    a. Promoting development:Through training

    Supporting affirmative actionprogramsSupporting government efforts to

    increase efficiency and efficacy ofpublic services

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    b. Competition, corporategovernance, securities markets:

    General principle: Do not takeadvantage of lack of adequateregulation (e.g. for environment,

    consumer protection, anti-trust)

    PARTICULAR AREAS OF CORPORATERESPONSIBILITY RELEVANT TO

    DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

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    c. Environment:

    Even when corporations can getaway with spoiling environment,they shouldnt do it

    PARTICULAR AREAS OF CORPORATERESPONSIBILITY RELEVANT TO

    DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

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    d. Transparency, corruption, conflict: Do not take advantage of opportunities for bribery and

    corruption Take active stance to reduce corruption Secret bank accounts Extractive industries transparency initiative Support policies like Conflict Diamonds

    e. Human rights: Especially important in period in which human rights are

    being attacked on many fronts

    Liability laws (Alien Torts Act) may help aligncorporate interests with general interests

    PARTICULAR AREAS OF CORPORATERESPONSIBILITY RELEVANT TO

    DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

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    Markets are at the center ofsuccessful development

    - But confidence in markets willdepend on how responsiblybusinesses behave

    BUSINESS SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY:DEVELOPING COUNTRY CONTEXT