by 1984 paper libraries would disappear, except at museums...we yet to have any…
TRANSCRIPT
By 1984 Paper Libraries
Would Disappear, Except
at Museums
(Arthur Samuel, 1964)
We yet to have any…
Dr. Sabuj Kumar Chaudhuri, DLIS, University of CalcuttaEmail- [email protected]
Changing Face of Libraries: Human Memory to Computer Memory
Human Memory Manuscript
Printed BooksLIBRARY
eContenteLIBRARY
Networked AccessDIGITAL LIBRARY
HYBRID LIBRARYInteractivityVIRTUAL LIBRARY
Evolution of Technologies
Alexandrian Principle & Conflict
“It is Librarian’s Duty to Increase
the Stock of His Library”Library Should be->
“Bigger. And with Provision for
Further Expansion.”
Finally Farewell to AlexandrianPrinciple...Search begun to Increasethe Stock of the Library withoutIncreasing the Physical Space
Information Explosion
Early Technodreamers
H. G. Wells (1936) World Brain
Contd...
Vannevar Bush (1945) Memex
J.C.R. Licklider (1960)
Digital Content or eContent
Born Digital
Made Digital
Benefits of eContent
eContent
Ease of Reproduction
Why Digital Information Matters
• Access Is by Copying
• Cost-effective and Speed of Digital Reproduction
• Content Liberated from Medium
• It is plastic, easily searched , indexed, cross-indexed
and can be sent as packets through network
Development of Affordable Technologies
Digital Technology Web Technology
Evolution of eContent Storage
Evolution of Processor & Processing SpeedMoor’s Law : Computer Processing Power Doubles in every 18 Months Computer Processor
Evolution of Network
PSTN to ISDN Wireless Generations
Natural Language Processing
Text Formatting and Scanning
Document Conversion & OCR
DL Standards & Controlled Vocabulary
Indexing & Database Technology
Search Technique & Information Retrieval
Digital Library-an Organized Collection of Digital Contents
• A focused collection of digitalobjects including text, video, andaudio along with methods foraccess and retrieval, and forselection, organization, andmaintenance of the collection(Prof. Ian H. Witten).
• Digital objects also include 3Dobjects, simulations, dynamicvisualisations and virtual reality.
Benefits of Digital Library • easy, fast, and convenient access
• effective storage and organization of massive amountscontents
• greatly improved searching and browsing capabilities
• Interoperability enabling the cross-searching
• direct, instant delivery of information and data to multipleusers at the same time
• transformative improvements in support for R & D andeducation globally
• significant cost savings over organization of contents
Mercury and CORE: early DL Projects
DL Architecture
Few Undeniable Facts
• Traditional or Conventional Library is still existing
• Printed Book/Journals are still there
• A2k (Access to Knowledge) is a myth
Uncertainties and Skepticism• Knowledge is caged• Qualitative A2K is a distant dream Strong Copyright regime Strict enforcement by DRM (Digital Rights Management)• Open Access movement has limited success• Authenticity of Digital content• Security of Digital content• Lack of Universal Standard for interoperability
• Digital Preservation ???• Technological Obsolescence ??? File, formats & software Hardware & media
Ontogeny Recapitulates Phylogeny
Dilemma: Traditional or Digital or Both ?
Societal Determinants
• Many Threads Are Intertwined: Technology, Law, Economics, Psychology and Sociology, socio-cultural priority and Public Policy
Societal Determination for Accessing to Knowledge
Social Progress Aspiration