By: Ashley, Kristen, Chealsa, and Melinda

Extract oils from both walnuts and hazelnuts and compare IR and GC-MS results to the standards

Extract oil from nutmeg and caraway seeds and compare the IR and GC-MS data to that of the standards, eugenol, limonene, and carvone.

To develop a good extraction technique for the essential oils of nuts and spices.The SFE was a good choice of

instrumentation because it is one step and is more green for the environment.

Nut oils are used primarily for cooking and there is a huge market for them.

Spice essential oils are used for fragrance and can be sold for other purposes.

SFEWe used a range from 2-5g of sample

massesRan each sample twice Massed extracted samples Ran product using IR and GS-MS

FTIR was used for all standards and extracted products except that from caraway seed

GC-MS12 drops of analyte were dissolved in 15mL

of hexane and ran on the instrument

SFE extracted productsDay 2: 0.4403g hazelnut oil (2.0615g nuts)Day 3: 0.7285g hazelnut oil (5.0136g nuts)

0.6921g hazelnut oil (4.7657g nuts)Day 4: 0.8113g walnut oil (4.5077g nuts)

0.5656g walnut oil (4.5877g nuts)Day 5: 0.5757g nutmeg oil (4.5113g

nutmeg) 0.9846g nutmeg oil (4.5088g nutmeg)

Day 6: 0.0748g ? (4.4244g caraway seeds) 0.0274g ? (4.6563g caraway seeds)

FTIRNutmeg oil has all expected peaks of the

literature valueEugenol matches literature value but does

not match the extracted product Extracted walnut oil is identical to the

standard with all of the same principal peaks

Extracted hazelnut oil is identical to the standard with all of the same principal peaks

Walnut Standard Hazelnut Standard

Hazelnut Sample

Eugenol Standard Limonene Standard

SFE productToo low of mass resulted in not enough

productNutmeg

Was a waxy solid with a yellow Not actually eugenol (IR spectrum)

Caraway Seeds Unable to crush with a mortar and pestle (crack)

Not a an oil or a solidUnable to run FTIR of GC-MS on product

Cannot conclude what was extracted

Walnut Sample

Carvone standard

Timing issuesCorrecting the SFE

So many people using the SFE so it needed extra cleaning

Leading to 2 samples a day instead of 3

IRAmount of sample we had available to run

GC-MSThe instrument itself during the second

week no longer held pressure and required daily checks and could only run 1 sample a day these are the error samples

Overall Hazelnut and Walnut oils were very successful matching up to the IR spectras

Nutmeg did not match up to the expected standard but did after looking at our results we found it matched nutmeg oil.Unexpected Success

Caraway Seeds were overall unsuccessful and we did not have enough time to analyze our product due to issues with the GC-MS

We could run other nuts since the two we ran were so successful.

We could develop a better technique for the extraction of caraway seeds.

In the future, the process for determining the best technique for each spice or nut could be worked out.

We could also do further research and determine if essential oils can be extracted from any other foods or products.

Amanda =]

Oh, SFE Problems