by b. nelson. definition of ir radiation radiation: the process of emitting energy in waves from a...
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ByB. Nelson
Definition of IR radiation
Radiation: the process of emitting energy in waves from a source
Portion of the electromagnetic spectrum with wavelength of 780 nm – 100,000 nm
Physiological effectsCutaneous vasodilationIncrease nerve conduction velocity
50% of the IR radiation of 1200nm wavelength penetrates beyond 0.8mm and interact with subcutaneous capillaries and cutaneous nerve endings.
Types of IR generators2 types of generators:1) Luminous generator
2) non luminous generator
Infrared Lamp
Infrared lamp
Therapeutic effects
Decreases painIncrease joint flexibility– increase joint ROMDuration of treatment application ranges
from 15 – 30 minutes
IndicationsUsed when patient cannot tolerate pressure
from another type of modality
ContraindicationsWhere is decreased sensationPeripheral Vascular Disease with
compromised circulationOver a tumor
Increase in tissue temperatureIs influenced by the amount of radiation that
penetrate the tissueThe power and wave length of the radiationThe distance of the radiation source from the
tissueThe angle of incidence of the radiation to the
tissueThe absorption coefficient of the tissue
Absorption of IRIntensity reaching the skin is greatest when :1) the source of radiation is closest to the
skin
2)the radiation beam is perpendicular to the skin surface (optimal absorption occurs when the rays strike perpendicularly)
Absorption coefficient
IR absorption coefficient are mainly affected by skin colour ( darker skin will absorb more)
Absorption of IRAbsorption is affected by:1) the amount of melanin in the skin ( darker
skin absorbs more radiation than lighter skin)2)skin texture3) dryness, smoothness
Adverse effects of IR radiation
Dries the skin more than other modalities
Does not treat uneven body parts well due to uneven heating
Laws governing the effects of electromagnetic radiation1)Arndt-Schultz principle : no reaction or
changes can occur in the body tissues if the amount of energy absorbed is insufficient to stimulate the absorbing tissues
2) Law Grotthus –Draper:if the energy is not absorbed by the superficial tissue, it will penetrate to the deeper tissues
Cosine LawThe cosine law states that the smaller the
angle between the propagating ray and the right angle ,the less radiation reflected and the greater absorbed
Inverse square lawStates that the intensity of the radiation
striking the particular surface varies inversely with the square of the distance from the source
noteThe modalities that emit radiations with
relatively longer wavelength have the ability to transmit energy through the superficial tissue layers ,thus penetrating to the deeper tissues where it is absorbed
Method of application
Contrast packs/bathAre applied by alternately immersing an area
first in warm water/hot and then in cool/cold water
Published data on this modality is lacking
Indications Chronic oedemaSubacute traumaSprains , strains, or tendinitisChanging a modality from cold to hot to
facilitate a mild temperature increase
Therapeutic effectsIncrease blood flow to the injured area
without the accumulation of additional oedema
Oedema is decreased
Method of application3:1 or4:1 ratio of hot to cold for 20 minutes
Physiologic responseVasoconstriction and vasodilation
ReferencesPhysical Agents in Rehabilitation: From
Research to Practice: Michelle H. Cameron
Physical Agents: Theory And Practice: Barbara J. Behrens, Susan L. Michlovitz
Therapeutic Modalities in Rehabilitation by William Prentice