by: chimwemwe chisenga. to equip mothers & caregivers with knowledge on common micronutrient...
TRANSCRIPT
Common Nutrient Deficiency Diseases among Under-five
Children
By: Chimwemwe Chisenga
To equip mothers & caregivers with knowledge on common micronutrient deficiency diseases and protein energy deficiency malnutrition and how they can be prevented and controlled
Objectives
Two groups of malnutrition diseases Micronutrient deficiency diseases Protein energy malnutrition
Micronutrient deficiency diseases among children
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Go Next/ Forward
Orientation of symbols
Orientation
1. Read through the information and facts about
the disease2. Reread as many times as you can until you
have understood the information3. At the end of each topic, take a short quiz
Directions
Select the disease you would like to learn about first
AnemiaCretinism &
GoitreXerophthalmi
a
A micro nutrient deficiency disease Caused by iron deficiency Mostly affects women of child bearing age and
young children
Anemia
Clinical signs and symptoms Pale conjunctive (inner eyelid), nail beds, gums,
tongue, lips and skin Tiredness Headaches Breathlessness
Anemia
Preventive behaviors for a healthy
family Increase iron intake by:- Eating iron rich vegetables like
cowpeas, spinach, beans, pulses, pumpkin seeds and other greens.
Eat meat like beef, liver, goat or chicken
Eat iron helpers such as guavas, oranges, lemon or little meat to help your body use the iron
Avoid eating iron blockers like tea, coffee or milk an hour before and after eating an iron rich meal
Anemia Prevention
Prevent malaria by:- Sleeping under a mosquito
net Get treated for malaria
immediately Take iron tablets as directed by
a health worker. Pregnant women should take
one tablet of iron and folic acid everyday for six months
Anemia prevention
1. One of the causes of Anemia is…………?a. Nutrient deficiencyb. Iron deficiencyc. Eating a lot of vegetablesd. Tiredness
Quiz
Incorrect Answer
Oops! you missed it, try again!
Correct Answer!Anemia is caused by a deficiency in iron intake
2. Which among the following is not a preventive behavior of Anemia for a healthy family?a. Increase iron intakeb. Prevent Malariac. Take tea, coffee or milk each time you take a
n iron-rich meald. Take iron tablets as directed by the health wo
rker
Quiz
Sorry!Incorrect Answer
Correct!
You have to avoid taking tea, coffee or milk an hour before or an hour after taking an iron-rich meal
Evaluation
3. Which population is the most at risk with Anemia?a. The elderlyb. Womenc. Women of child bearing age & young childrend. Everyone
Quiz!
Sorry, try again!
Correct you got it!
Women of child bearing age and younger children are at risk of Anemia
Both are caused by Iodine deficiency
Signs and Symptoms of Goitre Grade 0-you can’t feel it, a visibly enlarged
thyroid Grade 1- not visibly enlarged thyroid with neck
in normal position Grade 2-visibly enlarged thyroid with neck in
normal position
Cretinism and Goitre
Signs &SymptomsIt manifests in two forms1. Neurological Cretinism Mental deficiency Deaf mutism Lack of muscular coordination
Cretinism
2. Hypothyroid Cretinism Dwarfism Hypothyroidism The population at risk of becoming deficient in
Iodine are :- Populations from mountainous areas where there
is limited access to sea food and iodized salt Goitre is highest in adolescence particularly in
girls
Cretinism
Purchase packaged iodized salt
Store packaged iodized salt faraway from heat and from moisture
Add salt before serving the food
Prevention of Goitre and Cretinism
1. What two conditions are under neurological
cretinism?a. Deaf mutism & Dwarfismb. Dwarfism & Hypothyroidismc. Deaf mutism & mental deficiencyd. Mental deficiency & Hypothyroidism
Quiz
Oops! Try again!
Correct!
Deaf mutism & Mental deficiency
Evaluation
2. Mention two diseases that are caused by lack of iodine in the diet.a. Cretinism & Hypothyroidismb. Goitre & Cretinismc. Goitre & Dwarfismd. Goitre & Anemia
Quiz
Try again!
Oh-oh!
You got it right!
Goitre and Cretinism
Evaluation
Xerophthalmia- Caused by Vitamin A
deficiency
Clinical signs and Symptoms Night blindness Eye dryness accompanied by foamy
accumulations on the conjunctiva (inner eyelids), that often appear near the outer edge of the Iris (Bitot’s spot)
Xerophthalmia
Signs & symptoms Eye dryness, dullness or clouding (milky
appearance) of the cornea (Corneal Xerosis)
Eye softening & ulceration of the cornea (Keratomalacia). This is sometimes followed by perforation of the cornea which leads to the loss of eye contents & permanent blindness
Xerophthalmia Cont’d
Xerophthalmia
Keratomalacia
Populations at risk are those
who have no access to fresh fruit & vegetables
Children suffering from measles, diarrhea, respiratory infections, chickenpox & other severe infections
Xerophthalmia cont’d
Increase Vitamin A intake through
consumption of yellow and orange fruits and vegetables
Mothers should take Vitamin A within 8 weeks after giving birth
Xerophthalmia Preventive Behaviors
Children from 6-59 months old should get
Vitamin A supplementation orally every six months
Infants should be exclusively breastfed for the first six months and continue to breastfeed up to twenty four months
Xerophthalmia Prevention cont’d
1. How can a family prevent Xerophthalmia?a. Increase Vitamin A intake by reducing consu
mption of yellow & orange fruits and vegetables
b. Mothers should take Vitamin A supplement within 8 weeks after giving birth
c. Drink a lot of waterd. A and b
Quiz
Oh no-o-o-o!
Evaluation
Great Job!
Mothers should really take Vitamin A within 8 weeks after giving birth
Evaluation
2. What causes Xerophthalmiaa. Vitamin B deficiencyb. Vitamin A deficiencyc. Malariad. Iodine deficiency
Quiz!
Oops!
Evaluation
Good Job!
Yes! Xerophthalmia is caused by Vitamin A deficiency
Evaluation
Next module is about Protein Energy Malnutrition.
End of part one!
Congratulations! You now know the four common Micro Nutrient Deficiency Diseases!
There are two common conditions under protein
energy malnutrition.
Choose the condition you want to learn first from the two above.
Protein Energy Malnutrition
Kwashiorkor Marasmus
Kwashiorkor
Caused by a severe deficiency of protein in diets
that contain calories. Most common in areas where there is Famine Limited food supply Low levels of education( when people do not
understand how to eat a proper diet) Most common in very poor countries
Kwashiorkor
Shrinking muscle mass Diarrhea Fatigue Hair changes and loss Large belly that sticks out Swelling (Edema which hides muscle loss most
of the times Illnesses due to a weakened immune system
Signs and symptoms
Make sure the diet contains several sources of
complete proteins Get more calories and proteins with early
treatment by: Making sure that the diet has enough
carbohydrates, fats (at least 10% of total calories), & protein (12% of total calories)
Reintroduce food slowly to the patient
Prevention & Treatment of Kwashiorkor
1. Mention two signs of someone with
Kwashiorkora. They have a large belly that sticks out and sw
elling (Edema)b. They breathe so fast and swellc. They have shrinking muscle and are energeti
cd. None of the above
Quiz
Oops! You missed it! Try again!
Evaluation
Yes! Correct answer!
They have a large belly and they swell (Edema)
Evaluation
Go back to Protein Energy Malnutrition
Caused by severe deficiency of protein & calories and affects infants and young children
Develops in children between 6 months and 1year in children who have been weaned from breast milk or who suffer from weakening conditions like diarrhea
Marasmus
Results after energy
deficiency and emaciation Signs & Symptoms Severe growth retardation Loss of subcutaneous fat Severe muscle wasting The child looks appallingly
thin & limbs appear as skin and bone
Marasmus Cont’d
Shriveled body Frequent westerly diarrhea Mostly hungry all the time Dehydration Weak muscles
Marasmus Symptoms
Just like in Kwashiorkor Get early treatment and more calories
and proteins by making sure that your diet has enough carbohydrates, fats (at least 10% of total calories), & protein (12% of total calories)
Prevention
You are now an expert in nutritional diseases among the under-five children
Congratulations!
http://motherchildnutrition.org/malnutrition/about-malnutrition/com
mon-micronutrient-deficiency-diseases.html http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tGhD8g5v6l4 http://www.livestrong.com/article/269901-a-list-of-protein-deficiency-
diseases/ http://www.livestrong.com/article/491525-diseases-from-lack-of-prote
in/ http://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/kwashiorkor/overvie
w.html http://www.slideshare.net/Qurrotulain1/protein-energy-malnutrition http://www.goldbamboo.com/pictures-t9766.html https://www.google.com/search?q=iodized+salt+images&ie=utf-
8&oe=utf-8&aq=t&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&client=firefox-a&channel=fflb
References