CS

56

3 A

dvan

ced

Topi

cs in

C

ompu

ter

Gra

phic

sTe

xtur

e M

appi

ng E

ffec

ts

by C

liff

Lind

say

“Top

Ten

Lis

t” C

ourt

esy

of D

avid

Let

term

an’s

Lat

e Sh

ow a

nd C

BS

Talk

For

mat

List

of

T

extu

re M

appi

ng

Effe

cts

from

G

ood

to S

pect

acu

lar

(my

bias

ed o

pin

ion

):

Hig

hlig

hts:

Def

ine

Each

Eff

ect

Des

crib

e Ea

ch E

ffec

t Br

iefly

: Th

eory

and

Pra

ctic

e.

Talk

abo

ut h

ow e

ach

effe

ct e

xten

ds t

he id

ea o

f ge

nera

l Te

xtur

e M

appi

ng (

prev

ious

tal

k) in

clud

ing

Pros

and

Con

s.

Dem

os o

f se

lect

ed T

extu

re M

appi

ng E

ffec

ts

Text

ure

Map

pin

g Ef

fect

#1

0

Ligh

t M

appi

ng

Mai

n id

ea:

Stat

ic d

iffus

e lig

htin

g co

ntrib

utio

n fo

r a

surf

ace

can

be c

aptu

red

in a

tex

ture

and

ble

nded

w

ith a

noth

er t

extu

re r

epre

sent

ing

surf

ace

deta

il.

Hig

h lig

hts :

Elim

inat

e lig

htin

g ca

lcul

atio

n ov

erhe

adLi

ght

map

s ar

e lo

w r

esol

utio

nLi

ght

map

s ca

n be

app

lied

to m

ultip

le t

extu

res

*=

[Im

ages

cou

rtes

y of

flip

code

.com

]

Ligh

t M

appi

ng

Belo

w is

a n

ight

sce

ne o

f a

cast

le. N

o lig

htin

g ca

lcul

atio

n is

bei

ng p

erfo

rmed

at

all i

n th

e sc

ene.

Rig

ht:

Ligh

t M

ap a

pplie

dLe

ft:

No

Ligh

t M

ap a

pplie

d

[Im

ages

cou

rtes

y of

ww

w.g

amas

utra

.com

]

Text

ure

Map

pin

g Ef

fect

#9

Non

-Ph

otor

ealis

tic

Ren

deri

ng

Mai

n id

ea:

Rec

reat

ing

an e

nviro

nmen

t th

at is

foc

used

on

dep

ictin

g a

styl

e or

com

mun

icat

es a

mot

if as

ef

fect

ivel

y as

pos

sibl

e. T

his

is in

con

tras

t to

Ph

otor

ealis

tic w

hich

trie

s to

cre

ate

as r

eal a

sce

ne a

s po

ssib

le.

[Rob

oM

odel

with

and

with

out

Toon

Shad

ing,

Imag

e co

urte

sy o

f M

icha

el A

rias]

Hig

h lig

hts

of N

PR:

Toon

Sha

ding

Artis

tic s

tyle

s (in

k, w

ater

co

lor,

etc

.)Pe

rcep

tual

ren

derin

g

Non

-Pho

tore

alis

ticRe

nder

ing

Non

-Ph

otor

ealis

tic

Ren

deri

ng

Sim

ple

Exam

ple:

Bla

ck O

utlin

e*

Stor

e a

blac

k st

ripe

in a

cube

map

at

the

90 d

egre

e an

gle

By

usin

g th

e ve

rtex

norm

al in

vie

w

spac

e to

inde

x th

e C

ube

map

, yo

u ge

t a b

lack

out

line

*Man

y ot

her

met

hods

exi

st t

hat

don’

t us

e te

xtur

e ha

rdw

are

Non

-Pho

tore

alis

ticRe

nder

ing

Non

-Ph

otor

ealis

tic

Ren

deri

ng

Vis

ual

Exa

mpl

e:

[Im

age

cour

tesy

of

ww

w.h

ighe

nd3d

.com

]

Text

ure

Map

pin

g Ef

fect

#8

Pro

cedu

ral T

extu

rin

g

Mai

n I

dea:

“Pr

oced

ural

ly o

r an

alyt

ical

ly v

aryi

ng t

he

surf

ace

prop

ertie

s fr

om p

oint

to

poin

t in

ord

er t

o gi

ve

the

appe

aran

ce o

f su

rfac

e de

tail

that

is n

ot a

ctua

lly

pres

ent

in t

he g

eom

etry

of

the

surf

ace.

”[ad

apte

d fr

om

ptm

:apa

, pg.

7]

Hig

h lig

hts:

Noi

se (

fire,

sm

oke)

Frac

tals

(te

rrai

n)An

alyt

ical

(m

arbl

e, w

ood)

Gra

mm

ars

(tre

es, l

eave

s)[B

lue

Mar

ble

Proc

edur

al T

extu

re, t

am:a

pa]

Pro

cedu

ral T

extu

re M

appi

ng

Hig

h lig

hts:

Psue

do-r

ando

m n

umbe

r ge

nera

tion

with

rep

eata

bilit

y in

Sm

ooth

Band

-lim

ited

(low

-pas

s fil

ter)

, i.e

.ro

lling

hill

s vs

. sha

rp p

eaks

.

Noi

se F

un

ctio

ns:

Per

linno

ise

(mos

t po

pula

r fu

nctio

n)

prod

uces

noi

se w

ith t

he d

esira

ble

prop

erty

tha

t th

e tr

ansi

tion

from

one

poi

nt t

o an

othe

r w

ithin

the

fun

ctio

n is

a s

moo

th o

ne.

[Vas

e w

ith P

erlin

nois

e, Im

age

cour

tesy

of g

raph

ics.

lcs.

mit.

edu]

3 R

Pro

cedu

ral T

extu

re M

appi

ng

Frac

tals

(sta

tistic

al s

elf-

sim

ilarit

y):

A co

mpl

ex o

bjec

t,

the

com

plex

ity o

f w

hich

aris

es f

rom

the

rep

etiti

on o

f a

give

n sh

ape

at a

var

iety

of

scal

es.”

[tam

:apa

, pg.

571

]

[imag

e co

urte

sy o

f Pa

ul B

ourk

e@

ast

rono

my.

swin

.edu

.au]

Frac

tal T

erra

in G

ener

atio

n(B

asic

idea

):1.

Star

t w

ith a

cou

rse

mod

el (

squa

re)

2.Su

bdiv

isio

n of

sur

face

s (2

x2)

3.Ve

rtic

ally

per

turb

eac

h of

the

5 n

ew v

ertic

es

by a

ran

dom

am

ount

4.

Rep

eat

until

don

e

Pro

cedu

ral T

extu

re M

appi

ng

Frac

tal E

xam

ples

:

[Rig

ht:

Ridg

ed m

ulti-

frac

tal,

Left

: A

Frac

tal G

ener

ated

Ter

rain

, Tex

turin

g an

d M

odel

ing:

A P

roce

dura

l App

roac

h ]

Pro

cedu

ral T

extu

re M

appi

ng

Anal

ytic

al E

xam

ples

:M

arbl

e

Woo

d -

Ver

tica

l cyl

inde

rs

[Pro

cedu

ral w

ood,

bot

h co

urte

sy

of h

ttp:

//re

nder

man

.ru]

[Pro

cedu

ral m

arbl

e]

),

4,4(

),

,(

22

rt

snoise

ts

rts

f+

+=

∑ =

−+

=N i

ii

ii

rt

snoise

rr

ts

f0

)2,

2,2(

2)

,,

( *ico

ntin

ually

incr

ease

s th

e no

ise

ampl

itude

ani

mat

es t

heFo

rmat

ion

of t

he v

eins

*s,t

,rar

e so

lid t

extu

re c

oord

inat

es, t

hese

are

use

d to

do

aco

lor

map

look

up

for

the

text

ure.

Text

ure

Map

pin

g Ef

fect

#8

Pro

s: Mem

ory

requ

irem

ent

is m

inim

al, p

roce

dura

l or

anal

ytic

al

repr

esen

tatio

n is

ver

y co

mpa

ctN

o fix

ed r

esol

utio

n, in

finite

zoo

m-in

and

zoo

m-o

ut

Occ

upy

infin

ite s

pace

or

area

Con

s: Diff

icul

t to

bui

ld a

nd d

ebug

Slow

er t

hat

text

ure

fetc

hing

Alia

sing

can

be

mor

e di

ffic

ult

than

a r

egul

ar t

extu

rePr

oced

ures

ten

d to

be

prob

lem

spe

cific

(fr

acta

l ter

rain

, etc

.),

not

gene

raliz

ed

Text

ure

Map

pin

g Ef

fect

#7

Hig

h D

ynam

ic R

ange

Tex

ture

Map

pin

g

Mai

n id

ea:

“Vis

ualiz

ing

HD

R im

age-

base

d sc

enes

in

grap

hics

har

dwar

e w

ithou

t co

mpr

essi

ng t

he d

ynam

ic

rang

e.”[

HD

RTM

]

Hig

hlig

hts :

Usi

ng t

extu

re h

ardw

are

for

HD

R re

nder

ing

HD

R T

exur

e co

mpr

ised

of

mul

tiple

reg

ular

tex

ture

sM

ulti-

text

urin

g su

ppor

t to

co

mbi

ne t

extu

res

[Fre

snel

refle

ctio

n on

the

mon

olith

in

cath

edra

l, im

age

from

HD

RTM

]

HD

R T

extu

re M

appi

ng

Hig

h D

ynam

ic R

ange

Tex

ture

Map

pin

g

Wha

t is

dyn

amic

ran

ge?:

Mea

sure

of

lum

inan

ce r

ange

sSu

n on

the

ord

er 1

Mill

ion

Lum

ens

TV o

n th

e or

der

of a

100

-200

Lum

ens

[16

imag

es o

f a

cath

edra

l at

vario

us e

xpos

ures

, for

m R

ecov

erin

g H

DR R

adia

nce

Map

s fr

om P

hoto

grap

hs]

HD

R T

extu

re M

appi

ng

Hig

h D

ynam

ic R

ange

Tex

ture

Map

pin

g

How

to

enco

de H

DR in

8 b

it te

xtur

es:

))*

*25

6(

)*

((

)(

10

ve

clamp

ve

clamp

clamp

vI

+=

[Flo

w o

f te

xtur

e da

ta, i

mag

e fr

om H

DRTM

]

The

low

ord

er b

its a

re

stor

ed in

tex

ture

v0

and

the

high

ord

er a

re s

tore

d in

te

xtur

e v1

Expo

sure

par

amet

er is

eSu

rfac

e ap

pear

ance

is I

HD

R T

extu

re M

appi

ng

Visu

al D

iffer

ence

s Be

twee

n LD

R a

nd H

DR

Hig

h D

ynam

ic R

ange

Low

Dyn

amic

Ran

ge

[Im

ages

fro

m H

DRTM

]

Text

ure

Map

pin

g Ef

fect

#6

Text

ure

Bom

bin

g

Mai

n id

ea:

Div

ide

the

UV

text

ure

spac

e in

to g

rids

or

cells

the

n ra

ndom

ly p

lace

an

imag

e w

ithin

sel

ecte

d ce

lls g

ivin

g th

e te

xtur

e a

colla

ge lo

ok.

[Tex

ture

bom

bed

elep

hant

in

Ren

derm

onke

y, c

ourt

esy

of A

TI]

Hig

h lig

hts:

Com

posi

ting

can

be w

ith

imag

es o

r pr

oced

ural

lyM

ultip

le im

ages

per

cel

l (o

verla

ppin

g im

ages

)M

any

way

s to

pic

k ce

lls

Text

ure

Bom

bing

Text

ure

Bom

bin

g

Tech

niqu

e:

Find

a c

ell t

o pl

ace

imag

e (u

sual

ly a

ran

dom

pro

cess

)Co

py o

r dr

aw t

he im

age

in t

heCe

ll pr

oced

ural

lyCo

nsid

er a

djac

ent

cells

(o

verla

pp?)

[Tex

ture

bom

bing

Im

ages

, cou

rtes

y of

w

ww

.web

natio

n.co

m]

*Pla

cem

ent

is u

sual

ly im

port

ant

depe

ndi

ng

on e

ffec

t

Text

ure

Bom

bing

Text

ure

Bom

bin

g

Tech

nica

l Exa

mpl

e: f

indi

ng a

3D

cel

l:

for(

i = -

1, i

<=

0;

i++

){

for(

j = -

1, j

<=

0;

j++

){

for(

k =

-1,

k <

= 0

; k+

+)

{ cell_

t =

cel

l + f

loat

3(i,j

,k);

offs

et_t

= o

ffse

t –

float

3(i,j

,k);

rand

omU

V =

cel

l_t.

xy *

flo

at2(

.037

, .11

9) +

cel

l_t.

z *

.003

;… }

}} [C

ode

exam

ple

from

GPU

Gem

s]

Text

ure

Map

pin

g Ef

fect

#5

Text

ure

Sh

adin

g

Mai

n I

dea:

Tex

ture

Sha

ding

pre

com

pute

s co

mpl

ex

surf

ace

and

light

ing

mod

els,

suc

h as

BRD

Fs, i

nto

a lo

okup

tex

ture

for

rea

l-tim

e ap

plic

atio

ns w

ith f

ixed

pi

pelin

es.

Hig

h lig

hts:

Com

plex

BRD

Fs a

re u

sual

ly

prec

ompu

ted

in t

his

fash

ion

Mul

ti-pa

ss r

ende

ring

or m

ulti-

fetc

h te

xtur

e lo

okup

sFa

ctor

izat

ion

[Fac

tore

d BR

DFs

: La

Fort

une

mod

el, I

mag

es

from

Sig

grap

h Pa

per

(see

ref

eren

ces)

]

Text

ure

Sh

adin

g

Pre

com

puti

ng

Mos

t BR

DFs

can

be

fact

ored

or

brok

en u

p w

ith t

he p

arts

bei

ng

fact

orab

le.

Fact

or o

ver

2 va

riabl

es:

φθ,

A)As

hikh

min

-Shi

rley

B)Po

ulin

-Fou

rnie

rC)

Viny

l (m

easu

red)

D)A

lum

. Foi

l (m

easu

red)

Text

ure

Shad

ing

Text

ure

ref

eren

ce(p

reco

mpu

te&

ru

n t

ime)

Prec

ompu

te:

Incr

emen

t th

roug

h s

torin

g th

e ev

alua

ted/

mea

sure

d va

lues

in t

he

appr

opria

te t

extu

re c

oord

inat

e

φθ,

φ

θRun

Tim

e:Ca

lcul

ate

the

inco

min

g an

d ou

t go

ing

vect

or t

o ge

t In

dex

into

tex

ture

per

φ

θ,

[Pre

com

pute

dre

flect

ance

tex

ture

s,

Freq

uenc

y En

viro

nmen

t M

appi

ng]

Text

ure

Shad

ing

Mor

e Ex

ampl

es

A)As

hikh

min

-Shi

rley

B)Po

ulin

-Fou

rnie

rC)

Viny

l (m

easu

red)

D)A

lum

. Foi

l (m

easu

red)

Text

ure

Map

pin

g Ef

fect

#4

Vol

um

e R

ende

rin

g

Mai

n id

ea:

“Vol

ume

rend

erin

g m

etho

ds g

ener

ate

imag

es o

f a

3D v

olum

etric

dat

a se

t w

ithou

t ex

plic

itly

extr

actin

g ge

omet

ric s

urfa

ces

from

the

dat

a”[g

puge

ms]

Hig

hlig

hts:

Stac

ks o

f 2D

tex

ture

slic

esVo

xel(

anal

ogus

to p

ixel

,te

xel)

Rec

onst

ruct

ion

(inte

rpol

atio

n be

twee

nvo

xels

)

[Scr

een

shot

fro

m T

extu

re V

isua

lizer

Sof

twar

e]

Vol

um

e R

ende

rin

g

Vol

um

e R

ende

rin

g Si

mpl

e Ex

ampl

e

Cond

ense

d St

eps

For

Ren

derin

g:1.

Set

up t

extu

re d

ata,

fra

gmen

t pr

ogra

m, M

odel

view

and

Pro

ject

ion

mat

rices

.

2.En

able

Alp

ha b

lend

ing.

gl

Enab

le(G

L_BL

END

);

glBl

endF

unc(

GL_

ON

E ,

GL_

ON

E_M

INU

S_SR

C_AL

PHA

);

1.D

isab

le li

ghts

and

dep

th t

est.

gl

Dis

able

(GL_

LIG

HTI

NG

);

glD

isab

le(G

L_D

EPTH

_TES

T);

1.Bi

nd t

extu

re d

ata

and

frag

men

t pr

ogra

m.

2.D

raw

tex

ture

d qu

ads.

X

YZ

[ste

ps p

rovi

ded

in G

PU G

ems,

ch3

9.3.

1, p

g 67

3]

Vol

um

e R

ende

rin

g

Cg

Frag

men

t P

rogr

am F

or S

impl

e V

olu

me

Ren

deri

ng

void

mai

n (

unifo

rm f

loat

3em

issi

veco

lor,

un

iform

sam

pler

3dda

taTe

x,

float

3te

xCoo

rd :

TEX

COO

RD

0,

float

4co

lor

: CO

LOR)

{//

read

vol

ume

data

float

a =

tex

3d(t

exCo

ord,

dat

aTex

);

//m

ultip

ly c

olor

and

opac

aity

colo

r =

a *

em

issi

veCo

lor;

}

[Cg

code

sam

ple

from

GPU

Gem

s, c

h 39

, pg.

673

]

Vol

um

e R

ende

rin

gV

isu

al E

xam

ples

2D t

extu

res(

axis

-alig

ned

slic

es)

3D t

extu

res(

view

-alig

ned

Slic

es),

imag

es c

ourt

esy

of S

iggr

aph/

Euro

grap

hics

text

urin

g(b

iline

arin

terp

olat

ion)

text

urin

g(b

iline

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text

urin

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iline

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com

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ndin

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sitin

g(b

lend

ing)

Text

ure

Map

pin

g Ef

fect

#3

Text

ure

Atl

as

Mai

n I

dea:

Sto

re m

ultip

le s

mal

ler

text

ures

into

a

larg

er s

ingl

e te

xtur

e.

[Im

age

cour

tesy

of

Cat

Mot

her]

Hig

h lig

hts:

Pres

erve

sur

face

det

ails

Com

bine

mul

tiple

tex

ture

sCa

n ev

en c

ompu

te li

ghtin

g!?

Text

ure

Atl

as

Text

ure

Atl

as

Use

d Ex

ten

sive

ly in

Gam

es:

Hig

h re

solu

tion

mes

hes

gene

rate

mor

e de

tail

whe

n sh

aded

, we

can

pres

erve

tha

t de

tail

and

appl

y to

low

er r

esol

utio

ns m

eshe

s. T

his

is

grea

tfo

r ga

me

char

acte

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An in

tern

al n

Vidi

asu

rvey

of

four

Dire

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titl

es r

evea

ls t

hat

the

follo

win

g re

nder

-sta

te c

hang

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ccur

mos

t fr

eque

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[nsd

k]:

SetT

extu

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// b

ad n

ews!

!!SetVertexShaderConstantF()

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SetIndices()

[Im

ages

cou

rtes

y of

Gar

age

Gam

es]

Text

ure

Atl

as

Text

ure

Atl

as

Pro

s: Cons

erve

mem

ory

-te

xtur

e m

emor

y is

sca

rce

even

w

ith t

oday

's g

raph

ics

card

sRed

uce

com

puta

tion

at r

un t

ime

Com

plex

ity r

educ

tion,

mod

el h

as o

ne t

extu

re

Con

s: Seem

s an

d te

xtur

e po

llutio

n fr

omH

ow d

o w

e la

yout

the

mes

h(no

n-tr

ivia

l)?

Text

ure

Map

pin

g Ef

fect

#2

Envi

ron

men

t M

appi

ng

Mai

n id

ea:

“Env

ironm

ent

Map

s ar

e te

xtur

es t

hat

desc

ribe

for

all d

irect

ions

the

inco

min

g or

out

goi

ng

light

at

a po

int

in s

pace

.”[r

t_sh

ade,

pg.

49]

”

Thre

e m

ain

type

s:Cu

be M

appi

ngSp

here

map

ping

Para

bolo

id M

appi

ng

No

Map

app

lied

Map

App

lied

[Im

ages

cou

rtes

y of

Mic

roso

ft, m

sdn.

mic

roso

ft..c

om]

Envi

ron

men

t M

appi

ng

Cu

bic

Map

pin

gCa

mer

a ta

kes

orth

ogra

phic

pic

ture

s in

six

axi

s

(-X,

X, Y

, -Y,

Z, -

Z)Lo

ok u

p is

def

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cal

cula

ting

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flec

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vect

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e co

urte

sy o

f nV

idia

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]

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dex

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Neg

ativ

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regi

on (

dark

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14, .

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X, Y,

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appi

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pin

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ener

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fro

m p

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grap

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here

Capt

ures

who

le e

nviro

nmen

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and

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ere

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imag

e of

a C

afe

in P

alo

Alto

, CA

, Hei

dric

h]

Envi

ron

men

t M

appi

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pin

g

Obt

ain

the

refle

ctio

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ctor

:)

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rr

rr

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e co

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f nV

idia

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ron

men

t M

appi

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Par

abal

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Map

pin

g

()

22

2121

),

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xy

xf

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=1

22

≤+y

x, w

here

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h Li

ghts

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o te

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ne f

or

each

hem

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abol

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age

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d]]

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ron

men

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Cons

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re m

aps

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ingu

larit

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pa

ram

eter

izat

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his

met

hod,

we

mus

t fix

vi

ewin

g di

rect

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vie

w-d

epen

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w

ant

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hang

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e vi

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s di

rect

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you

have

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rege

nera

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pher

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ap).

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bolo

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aps

requ

ires

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sses

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er s

ampl

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he t

extu

re e

nviro

nmen

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r Pa

rabo

loid

map

ping

, vie

w-in

depe

nden

t,Cu

be m

aps

can

be f

ast

if im

plem

ente

d in

har

dwar

e (r

eal-t

ime

gene

ratio

n), v

iew

inde

pend

ent,

Text

ure

Map

pin

g Ef

fect

#1

Bu

mp

Map

pin

g

Mai

n id

ea:

“Com

bine

s pe

r-fr

agm

ent

light

ing

with

su

rfac

e no

rmal

per

turb

atio

ns s

uppl

ied

by a

tex

ture

, in

orde

r to

sim

ulat

elig

ht in

tera

ctio

ns o

n a

bum

py

surf

ace.

”[Cg

Tut

oria

l, pg

199

]”

Whe

re C

an I

get

the

se m

aps?

:N

orm

al M

aps

from

Hei

ght

Fiel

ds (

mos

t co

mm

on)

Vect

or O

ffse

t M

aps

[tex

ture

atla

s an

d no

rmal

map

of

an M

16

rifle

, im

ages

cou

rtes

y of

cat

mot

her]

Bu

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pin

g

Bu

mp

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P=

orig

inal

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face

loca

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heig

htN

= S

urfa

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acem

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New

Sur

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loca

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heig

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),

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vu

Fv

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vu

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()

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),

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Imag

e Ad

apte

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om [

pbrt

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* As

sum

es is

nor

mal

ized

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Bu

mp

Map

pin

g

Bu

mp

Map

The

new

Nor

mal

N’ f

or P

’ can

be

calc

ulat

ed f

rom

th

e cr

oss

prod

uct

of it

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artia

l der

ivat

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n].

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vFuP

NuF

NvP

uPN

rr

rr

Dif

fere

ntia

l Mat

h!!!

Bu

mp

Map

pin

g

Bu

mp

Map

s

Pros

:Pr

oduc

es t

he a

ppea

ranc

e of

hig

h de

tail

w/

out

the

cost

Can

be d

one

in h

ardw

are

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o se

lf sh

adow

ing

(nat

ivel

y)Ar

tifac

ts o

n th

e si

lhou

ette

s

Bu

mp

Map

pin

g

Cg

Bu

mp

Map

pin

gflo

at4

mai

n( float

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tailC

oord

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EXC

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float

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ompr

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float

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rFin

al

= 2.

0 *

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umpC

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// C

ompu

te d

iffus

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ctor

flo

at d

iffus

e =

dot(b

umpN

orm

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ecto

rFin

al,l

ight

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torF

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turn

floa

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iffus

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olor

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Hon

orab

le M

enti

on

Som

e O

ther

Tex

ture

Rel

ated

Alg

orith

ms:

Text

ure

Map

ping

Har

dwar

eAn

ti-Al

iasi

ng3D

Tex

ture

Map

ping

Anim

ated

Tex

ture

sAl

pha

Map

ping

Proj

ectiv

e Te

xtur

esTe

xtur

e An

imat

ion

Sum

mar

y

As y

ou c

an s

ee f

rom

the

slid

es, t

extu

re m

appi

ng

goes

bey

ond

the

gene

ral d

efin

ition

of

text

ure

map

ping

.

All o

f th

ese

exci

ting

adva

ncem

ents

in t

extu

re

map

ping

hav

e co

me

abou

t fr

om t

he h

ardw

are’

s co

mpa

nies

des

ire t

o m

ake

text

ure

map

ping

fas

t.

The

effe

cts

show

n he

re a

re p

roba

bly

the

mos

t re

spon

sibl

e fo

r m

akin

g re

al-t

ime

grap

hics

look

and

fe

el m

ore

real

istic

.

Ref

eren

ces

#1

Bum

p M

appi

ng:

A Pr

actic

al a

nd R

obus

t Bum

p-m

appi

ng T

echn

ique

for

Toda

y’s

GPU

s, M

ark

J. K

ilgar

d, N

VID

IA C

orpo

ratio

n, G

DC

2000

: Ad

vanc

edO

pneG

LG

ame

Dev

elop

men

t.Si

mul

atio

n of

Wrin

kled

Sur

face

s,Bl

inn,

Jim

, Int

erna

tiona

l Co

nfer

ence

on

Com

pute

r G

raph

ics

and

Inte

ract

ive

Tech

niqu

es, 1

978

The

Cg T

utor

ial,

Fern

ando

, Ran

dim

a, K

ilgar

d, M

ark,

Add

ison

-W

esle

y, 2

003

Cg B

ump

Map

ping

, Sur

dule

scu,

Raz

van,

ht

tp:/

/ww

w.g

amed

ev.n

et/r

efer

ence

/art

icle

s/ar

ticle

1903

.asp

, 4/

15/2

003,

Gam

edev

.net

Cour

se S

lide

from

“In

tera

ctiv

e Sh

adin

g Co

urse

”, B

rad

Gra

ntha

m, S

iggr

aph

1999

, ht

tp:/

/ww

w.o

peng

l.org

/res

ourc

es/t

utor

ials

/sig

99/s

hadi

ng99

/cou

rse_

slid

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ysic

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Bas

ed R

ende

ring,

Pha

rr, M

att,

Hum

phre

ys, G

reg,

El

sevi

erIn

c./M

orga

n-Ka

ufm

an, 2

004

Ref

eren

ces

#2

Envi

ronm

ent

Map

ping

Rea

l-tim

e Sh

adin

g,O

lano

, Mar

c, H

art,

C.,

John

,Hei

dric

h,

Wol

fgan

g,M

cCoo

l, M

icha

el,A

.K. P

eter

s, 2

002.

cube

dia

gram

fro

m:

http

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sdn.

mic

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ft.c

om/li

brar

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faul

t.as

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ww

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Not

es f

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ope

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ite

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/tut

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acce

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Ren

derin

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idric

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Uni

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iirnb

erg,

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il 19

99

Ref

eren

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#3

Text

ure

Atla

sIm

prov

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tchi

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sing

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ses

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vidi

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pape

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arag

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ames

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que

Gam

e En

gine

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l-tim

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adin

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lano

, Mar

c, H

art,

C.,

John

,Hei

dric

h, W

olfg

ang,

McC

ool,

Mic

hael

,A.K

. Pet

ers,

200

2.

#4

Volu

me

Ren

derin

gKl

aus

Enge

l, M

artin

Kra

us, T

hom

asEr

tl, S

iggr

aph/

Euro

grap

hics

Wor

ksho

p on

Gra

phic

s H

ardw

are,

200

1, P

ower

Poi

nt S

lides

GPU

Gem

s, C

hapt

er 3

9 Vo

lum

e Ren

derin

g Te

chni

ques

, Fer

nand

o,Ran

dim

a, A

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, 200

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xtur

e Vi

sual

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Soft

war

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eiLi

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rook

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Ref

eren

ces

#5

Text

ure

Shad

ing

Effic

ient

BRD

F Im

port

ance

Sam

plin

g U

sing

a F

acto

red

Rep

rese

ntat

ion,

Jas

on L

awre

nce,

Szym

on R

usin

kiew

icz,

Rav

i Ram

amoo

rthi

, Sig

grap

h, 2

004

Freq

uenc

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ace

Envi

ronm

ent

Map

Ren

derin

g,Rav

i Ram

amoo

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, Pa

tH

anra

han,

Sig

grap

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adin

g,O

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, Mar

c, H

art,

C.,

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,Hei

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h, W

olfg

ang,

McC

ool,

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hael

,A.K

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ers,

200

2

#6

Text

ure

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bing

Text

ure

bom

bing

, Cha

pter

20

of G

PU G

ems,

Fer

nand

o,Ran

dim

a,

Addi

son-

wes

ley

and

nVid

ia, 2

004,

pg.

323

#7

Hig

h D

ynam

ic R

ange

Tex

ture

Map

ping

Rea

l-tim

e H

DR T

extu

re M

appi

ng, J

onat

han

Cohe

n, C

hris

Tcho

u,

Tim

Haw

kins

, and

Pau

lDeb

evec

,Eur

ogra

phic

s w

rksh

opon

re

nder

ing,

200

1Rec

over

ing

Hig

h D

ynam

ic R

ange

Rad

ianc

e M

aps

from

Ph

otog

raph

s, P

aul E

.Deb

evec

Jite

ndra

Mal

ik, S

iggr

aph

1997

Ref

eren

ces

#8

Proc

edur

al T

extu

ring

Text

urin

g an

d M

odel

ing:

A p

roce

dura

l App

roac

h, t

hird

add

ition

, Eb

ert,

Dav

id,M

usgr

ave,

F,P

each

ey,D

arw

yn,P

erlin

, Ken

, Wor

ley,

St

even

, Mor

gan

Kauf

man

, 200

3Rea

l-tim

e Sh

adin

g,O

lano

, Mar

c, H

art,

C.,

John

,Hei

dric

h, W

olfg

ang,

McC

ool,

Mic

hael

,A.K

. Pet

ers,

200

2.

#9

Non

-Pho

tore

alis

ticRe

nder

ing

The

Cg T

utor

ial,

Fern

ando

,Ran

dim

a,Ki

lgar

d, M

ark,

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ison

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esle

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003

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tore

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ticCo

mpu

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phic

s, T

hom

asSt

roth

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, Ste

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echt

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, Mor

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Kauf

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