by: desiree altmann and michael kim. diction fourth in importance elaborates the action, the...
TRANSCRIPT
Diction Fourth in importance Elaborates the action, the
character and the theme but it does not contributes theme“the expression of the meaning in
words”○ Proper: generally used by people○ Appropriate to plot○ Appropriate to characters○ Appropriate to end of tragedy
Diction Aristotle discusses the style of
tragedy, favoring metaphors Aristotle believed it was a mark of
genius, if one could create a good metaphor
Essence both in verse and prose
Diction To create a clean diction that is
distant from common one can use:
Lengthening Contraction Altering words
Diction Newly-coined words are words that have
never been used in local areas, but used and adopted by the poet
Word is lengthened when its own vowel is exchanged for a longer one or when a syllable is inserted
Word is contracted when some part of it is removed
Altered word is a word in which part of it its left unchanged and the other part recast
Nouns can be masculine, feminine or neutral
Diction A clear style is one that uses only
current and proper words Riddle: consists of metaphors Jargon: consists of strange or rare
words The essence of riddle is to express true facts
under impossible combinations
Diction Critics hold poets to use the correct way
of such thing If not their poetry would sound grotesque and ludicrous
Poets need moderation in lengthening, contraction and altering words
Strange words, metaphors or even any similar mode of expression can replace a common, ordinary, proper term to make it more attractive
But if such are not used well they may lead to catastrophe
Example for diction "nun de m'eon oligos te kai outidanos kai aeikes,
"Yet a small man, worthless and unseemly, "
the difference will be felt if we substitute the common words,
"nun de m'eon mikros te kai asthenikos kai aeides.
"Yet a little fellow, weak and ugly. "
Song Fifth in importance Musical element of the chorus Aristotle thinks that the chorus
should be fully integrated in the play; like an actorShould contribute to the plot
Has diction and thought
Song Thought:
Includes every effect which has to be produced○ Proof: excitation of the feelings○ Refutation: suggestion of importance or its
oppositeMust have same points of view as the
dramatic speeches when it what’s to evoke feelings
Incidents should speak for themselves without verbal exposition
Effects should be produced be the speaker
Song Diction:
Can be a command○ A prayer○ A statement○ A threat○ A question○ An answer, and so forth ○ Used to tell what to do or what not to do
Example for Song
Homer by Protagoras- “Sing, goddess, of the wrath,” he gives a command under the idea that he utters a prayer in the song.
Spectacle Last of importance and least
connected with literature“the production of spectacular effects
depends more on the art of the stage machinist than on that of the poet.”
own emotional attraction and least connected with the art of poetry.
Spectacle Aristotle
says that superior poets rely more on the inner structure of the play than fear and pity
Spectacle Tragedy
Apart from representation and actors People who use spectacular means
that includes monstrous are a purpose to Tragedy
Spectacle Production of Spectacular Effects
depends on more on the art of the stage than the poet.
Fear and Pity1. Made by spectacular means2. Makes a superior poet3. incidents must happen
between friends or enemies
Spectacle Skillful handling
done with consciously and knowledge Falling within the action
1 case= to be about to act with knowledge of the persons and then not to act
2 case= doing an irreparable deed by ignorance and discover before it’s done.