by dr. nelson wanyera plant breeder

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Improvement of finger millet productivity through genetic enhancement and promotion of end-user product utilization options for market demand By Dr. Nelson Wanyera Plant Breeder 1

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Improvement of finger millet productivity through genetic enhancement and promotion of end-user product utilization options for market demand. By Dr. Nelson Wanyera Plant Breeder. Assets/Infrastructure. Background and problem. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: By  Dr. Nelson  Wanyera Plant Breeder

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Improvement of finger millet productivity through genetic enhancement and promotion of end-user

product utilization options for market demand

By Dr. Nelson Wanyera

Plant Breeder

Page 2: By  Dr. Nelson  Wanyera Plant Breeder

Assets/InfrastructureAsset Number Remarks

Office space 4 Walls cracked, roof falling off

Lab 1 Being used by Dr. Olupot

Vehicles 2 One project vehicle, old nissan recently imobilzed

Motor cycle 1 Working, needs minor repairs

Stores 1 Security needed, broken into twice

Laptop 1 Working

Camera 1 Project

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Page 3: By  Dr. Nelson  Wanyera Plant Breeder

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Background and problem• Most of the finger millet in Uganda is produced by

subsistence-oriented families. • Typically, they do not use external inputs and labor is limited

for effective weed control. • Yields are constrained by frequent drought and low soil

fertility, and deficiencies of N and P. • Population pressure has forced finger millet farmers to reduce

fallow periods or expand cultivation to marginal lands. • Consequently, this has increased erosion, depleted nutrient

stocks, provoked the build-up of weeds and other pest and denuded large areas natural vegetation.

Page 4: By  Dr. Nelson  Wanyera Plant Breeder

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Background cont.• Major finger millet stresses are blast disease, drought, stem

borers and Striga spp. • To redress the declining productivity, stabilize production and, in

the long term, improve profitability in finger millet production systems, a complementary package of easily adopted technologies must be developed for resource-poor farmers.

• The major focus of this project is productivity enhancement through integrated genetic and natural resource management.

• New multiple stress-resistant cultivars with improved yield potential will continue to be developed.

Page 5: By  Dr. Nelson  Wanyera Plant Breeder

Scientist Responsibility Institution

Wanyera Nelson Leader/Breeder NaSARRI

Obuo John Peter Agronomist NaSARRI

Elobu Pius Soil fertility NaSARRI

Nabeta Naomi Socioeconomist NabZARDI

Lubadde Geofrey Pathologist NaSARRI

Akol Richard Technician NaSARRI

Research Team

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Page 6: By  Dr. Nelson  Wanyera Plant Breeder

Overall Objective

• To increase finger millet productivity and farmers’ income through genetic improvement, enhanced access to quality seed, better use of agronomic practices, production of value-added products, farmer empowerment in knowledge and access to inputs

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Page 7: By  Dr. Nelson  Wanyera Plant Breeder

Specific Objectives• High yield and stability of finger millet varieties, with good

tillering ability, medium plant height with strong straw.• To develop early and medium maturing varieties resistant to

lodging, diseases (blast), Striga weed, drought and for specific end -use

• To evaluate local and introduced finger millet varieties for grain quality, malting potential and yield for local and industrial use.

• To improve yields through the use of integrated agronomic management technologies.

• To promote millet-based products and value addition technologies in finger millet.

• To establish strong partnership with clients and other end-users

Page 8: By  Dr. Nelson  Wanyera Plant Breeder

Research Report

• Collection and characterization of germplasm• Crosses and segregating populations• Variety Trials• Popularization / demonstration and scaling up• Develop farmer-based seed production and

delivery systems• Fertilizer use and application• Value addition (millet-based flour)

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Page 9: By  Dr. Nelson  Wanyera Plant Breeder

Achievements

Characterization• 700 accessions evaluated for morphological,

agronomic and nutritional traits• Evaluated in multiple environments (5 each)

for yield and other agronomic traits• Location-wise promising genotypes identified

for on-station and on-farm testing

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Page 10: By  Dr. Nelson  Wanyera Plant Breeder

Activity: Collection and characterization of germplasm

Characterization for nutritional traits

Trait Range

Collection Controls

Fe (mg Kg-

1)16.8-88.4 (IE 4708)

24.7-40.3

Zn (mg kg-

1)3.0-31.0 (IE 3120)

17.8-22.0

Ca (mg kg-

1)1700-5100 (IE 4476)

2700-3100

Protein (%) 5.4-12.7 (IE 6537, PESE 1)

6.7-8.2

Biochemical analysisCrop Average Beta-

carotene content

Finger millet 0.85 ug/100g

Foxtail millet 0.79 ug/100g

Pearl millet 25.00 ug/100g

maize 171 ug/100g

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Page 11: By  Dr. Nelson  Wanyera Plant Breeder

Activity 1.2: Evaluation for biotic and abiotic stresses

• Sources of resistance to blast disease in finger millet

• Greenhouse screening – 22 highly resistant, 43 resistant to leaf blast

• The best selections at 5 hotspots, based on yield and blast reaction: ‘Kabale’, ‘IE 2522’, ‘Uganda coll. 1 sel 2’, ‘Atutnuru’, ‘Acc 58 FMB /01’, ‘KNE 67’, ‘P 226’, ‘P 6-4-(3)’, ‘KNE # 392’, and ‘IEL 41’.

• 5 accessions (IE 2911, 2957, 4497, 6337 and 7018) resistant to blast at all 5locations

• IE 4491, SEC 915 and IE 6165 resistant to striga11

Page 12: By  Dr. Nelson  Wanyera Plant Breeder

Activity 1.3: Evaluation for drought

• 50% reduction in shoot biomass production under drought stress

• IE 2440, 3693, 4115, 5165, 2042, 2312, 3475, 4028, 4121, 4491, 5106 7079 and Seremi 2 – most drought tolerant accessions

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Page 13: By  Dr. Nelson  Wanyera Plant Breeder

Activity 1.4: Identification of traits-specific parents

• Trait specific accessions identified for different agronomic traits

• Early flowering 51-55 days (range: 51-96 days): 10 accn.• More fingers: 9-9.4 (range: 6.1 to 9.4): 3 accn.• More basal tillers: 6-8.1 (range 3.33 to 8.1): 8 accn.• Long earheads, 150-166 mm (range: 51 to 166 mm): 2

accn.• High grain yield, 2.5-2.711 t ha-1 (range 0.46 to 2.71 t ha-

1): 5 accn.• High in all grain nutrients: 8 accn. – IE 588, 2921, 4443,

4476, 4817, 4708, 4709, and 654613

Page 14: By  Dr. Nelson  Wanyera Plant Breeder

Activity : Agronomic evaluation/Identifying parents

• High nutrient accessions– IE 4708 (highest Fe – 88.4 mg kg-1)– IE 4476 (highest Ca – 5100 mg kg-1)– IE 4709 (good for all nutrients with multiple disease

resistance)– All three are wild types, very low yield (<0.601 t ha-1)

• IE 6546 – high nutrient values, resistantance to diseses fairly high yields

• IE 6537 – high protein and Ca, moderate disease resistnce, low yield

• IE 2957 – high yield, under drought stress14

Page 15: By  Dr. Nelson  Wanyera Plant Breeder

Crosses and segregating populations

• 20 new crosses involving 10 elite lines were made and used bulk method to advance generations

• 150 F4 progenies studied for disease epiphytoties• Backcross populations is on-going to incorporate

specific resistance to blast

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Page 16: By  Dr. Nelson  Wanyera Plant Breeder

Variety Trials

• Elite and advanced lines conducted at Serere, Kumi, Kuju and Aduku field stations.

• Harvesting is in progress but trial performance was good at all locations

• 15 Multilocation trial sites were Serere, Kumi, Kujju, Aduku, Ngora and Kaberamaido

• More on-farm trials comprising 10 finger millet genotypes selected from previous multilocation yield trials were conducted in the districts of Kaberamaido, Lira, Apac and Gulu.

• 10 candidate varieties have been described. 16

Page 17: By  Dr. Nelson  Wanyera Plant Breeder

Popularization/demonstrations and scaling up

• Multiplication of foundation seed and breeders’ seed on-station and on-farm

• Multiplication of seed was done on-station- varieties PESE 1, SEREMI 2, SX 6, SEC 915 and SEREMI 3 (3000 Kg of each var)• for multiplication under the farmer – to – farmer seed

loan scheme• The loan scheme was aimed at creating awareness• We work in collaboration with an NGO (CLEAR

UGANDA) based in Mbale district concerned about food security and land rights for women

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Page 18: By  Dr. Nelson  Wanyera Plant Breeder

Popularization cont.

• Demonstrations– set up in Kumi, Kaberamaido, Lira, Apac, Gulu and

Soroti districts during April 2012 for varieties and fertilizer use

– Released and pre-release varieties were included in the demonstration fields

– Five field days were held at the demonstration sites at least in Lira, Gulu and Mbale.

– farmers prefer early maturing varieties with big heads with strong straw

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Page 19: By  Dr. Nelson  Wanyera Plant Breeder

Sustainable Seed systems development

• Access to good quality seed is an issue for smallholder farmers

• Supply or sell Small seed packets of improved varieties to interested farmers

• Farmer-based seed loan schemes• Links with private seed companies – Pearl

Seeds Ltd, Victoria Seeds and NASECO

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Page 20: By  Dr. Nelson  Wanyera Plant Breeder

Value addition (millet-based flour)

• Studies on processing and value addition (malting, Weaning foods, milk-based beverages and infant foods) are in progress in collaboration with MUK.

• Malting qualities of all released varieties and pre-release varieties being done in collaboration with MUK, Brewing industry.

• Creating public awareness - FM radio (4 radio talks were made on Open Gate Radio Mbale), participated in Food and Agriculture show in Abi, National Agriculture show in Jinja, food fair in Kampala and print material

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Page 21: By  Dr. Nelson  Wanyera Plant Breeder

Processing

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Page 22: By  Dr. Nelson  Wanyera Plant Breeder

Team report

• Public Private Partnership is working well especially in product development.

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Page 23: By  Dr. Nelson  Wanyera Plant Breeder

Partners/Collaborators• Universities – Warwick, UK; University of Georgia,

USA; Makerere University, Kampala• Government extension services (NAADS)• Private sector companies – e.g. Family Diet, Maganjo

grain Millers for product development• Religious organizations – promotion and mobilization• Farmer groups and associations-primary clients• NGOs – CLEAR Uganda, SAVE the CHILD, AT-UG, • IARCs – ICRISAT for backstopping (germplasm)

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Page 24: By  Dr. Nelson  Wanyera Plant Breeder

Planned Annual outputs 2012/2013Outputs Activities Budget

High yielding, stable varieties developed

Characterization, evaluation, breeding, selection, Trials, etc

78,000,000

Sustainable integrated crop and soil management options generated

Row planting, fertilizer use, legume integration, etc

64,000,000

Value addition and competiveness of FM enhanced

Product development, Recipes, Malt, food and non-food products

51,000,000

Farmer based seed production and delivery developed

Training, seed packets, seed loans, linkages with seed companies

52,000,000

Dissemination to uptake pathways and end users

Training, foundation seed,Linkages with NAADS/ZARDIs

59,000,000

Total 304,000,000

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Page 25: By  Dr. Nelson  Wanyera Plant Breeder

Challenges

• Climatic changes – the weather is very unpredictable

• Resistant varieties lodging heavily

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Page 26: By  Dr. Nelson  Wanyera Plant Breeder

Publications summary

• Manuscripts are under review

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Page 27: By  Dr. Nelson  Wanyera Plant Breeder

Acknowledgements

• Government of Uganda• NARO• The McKnight Foundation CCRP• Bill and Melinga Gates Foundation (BMGF)• ICRISAT• Farmers, Farmer groups and associations• CLEAR Uganda – Mbale• SAVE the CHILD

Page 28: By  Dr. Nelson  Wanyera Plant Breeder

Thank you for listening!