Critical Appraisal

ByDr.Eslamipour

Evidence-Based Dentistry

We learned: What is EBD? Why EBD? Evidence-based practice process

Four tasks

Ask a well-built clinical question Search for the best evidence Critically appraise the evidence Apply the results and evaluate

Publication types

Primary Literature : original research that is usually published in a peer-reviewed

journal conference papers reports

Secondary Literature: review articles (specifically meta-analysis and systematic reviews)

Tertiary Literature textbooks encyclopedia articles, and guidebooks or handbooks..

Popular Media

Research articles

Title & Author(s): The title should be descriptive of the research, and generally the individual responsible for the majority of the research is the primary or first author.

Abstract: The abstract should accurately represent the content of the article; for more information see Structured abstracts.

Research articles ComponentsIntroduction:

The introduction lays the foundation for the paper by stating the research problem, the rationale for the study, the research question, and the hypothesis. Some journals call this section the “background”, which usually contains a literature review.

Methods:

The method’s section details how the study was done, including:

Participants: demographic information of sample, sampling method, relevant characteristics, informed consent, and institutional approval

Equipment (if applicable): for example, diagnostic tools

Research Design: research methodology, protocol, and timeline for interventions and measurements

Data Analysis: describes data collection methods and procedures for statistical analysis

Research articles componentsResults:

The results section should simply state the findings, without bias or interpretation.

Research results can only confirm or reject a hypothesis.

Discussion:

This section describes the major findings of the research, including whether the results are statistically significant.

This section compares the results to the current literature on the same or similar topics, and describes how these results can be generalized to other situations.

Authors should discuss any limitations of the study and cite unanswered questions

Research articles components

Conclusions: The conclusion summarizes research findings and draws interpretations based on the results. The conclusion may also bring up other unanswered questions or next steps for further research

Acknowledgements: This section includes acknowledgement of grant or private funding, as well as individuals who made contributions

Critical Appraisal of Literature

Intended to enhance the clinician’s skill todetermine whether the results reported inan article were likely to be . . . .

. . . true . . . important . . . applicable to their patients

COMMON PROBLEMS

In concise statement of the problem

Inadequate review of the literature

Weak study rationale

INTRODUCTION

COMMON PROBLEMS

Inadequate sample size, non-representative

sample, or biases in subject selection or recruitment

Inadequate controls (random assignment, or well-matched controls?)

Measurement biases (valid tools? blinded? timing appropriate? follow-up?)

METHODS

COMMON PROBLEMS

Selection and/or number of statistical tests performed

Selection of variables for inclusion

RESULTS

COMMON PROBLEMS

Failure to link findings to current literature

Inappropriate inferences Failure to critique own work Little insight or direction

provided

DISCUSSION

چک لیست عمومی ارزیابی نقادانه مقاله های پژوهشی

CONsolidate Standards Of Reporting Trials(CONSORT)

در طول دهه اخير تالش هاي زيادي براي استاندارد شدن كيفيت گزارش ها در مطالعات كارآزمايي

باليني انجام شده كه حاصل آن بود.ميالدي1996در سال CONSORTدستورالعمل

اختیار شما قرار داده شده است. آن درجدیدنسخه http://www.consort-statement.org

... حرفی؟ صحبتی، سؤالی،