by: e. leticia cerda cognitive & behaviorist. jean piaget august 9, 1896 – september 16, 1980

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By: E. Leticia Cerda Cognitive & Behaviorist

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Page 1: By: E. Leticia Cerda Cognitive & Behaviorist. Jean Piaget August 9, 1896 – September 16, 1980

By: E. Leticia Cerda

Cognitive & Behaviorist

Page 2: By: E. Leticia Cerda Cognitive & Behaviorist. Jean Piaget August 9, 1896 – September 16, 1980

Jean Piaget

August 9, 1896 – September 16, 1980

Page 3: By: E. Leticia Cerda Cognitive & Behaviorist. Jean Piaget August 9, 1896 – September 16, 1980

A Little about where he came from:He was born in Neuchâtel (Switzerland).He died in Geneva on September 16, 1980. He was the oldest child of Arthur Piaget, professor of medieval literature at the University, and of Rebecca Jackson. At age 11, while he was a pupil at Neuchâtel Latin high school, he wrote a short notice on an albino sparrow. This short paper is generally considered as the start of a brilliant scientific career made of over sixty books and several hundred articles.

Page 4: By: E. Leticia Cerda Cognitive & Behaviorist. Jean Piaget August 9, 1896 – September 16, 1980

After high school graduation, he studied natural sciences at the University of Neuchâtel where he obtained a Ph.D.During this period, he published two philosophical essays which he considered as "adolescence work" but were important for the general orientation of his thinking.

Later, in 1921, Sir Edouard Claparede and Pierre Bovet named Piaget director of studies at the Jean Jacques Rousseau Institute in Genevea.

Page 5: By: E. Leticia Cerda Cognitive & Behaviorist. Jean Piaget August 9, 1896 – September 16, 1980

By 1923, Piaget married Valentine Chatenay, who l birth to three children later gave birth to three children named Jacqueline, Lucienne, and Laurent. Their delopment from birth was intently studied by their father.

Page 6: By: E. Leticia Cerda Cognitive & Behaviorist. Jean Piaget August 9, 1896 – September 16, 1980

What did he do?He was very successful and held many chairs in multiple organizations including "psychology, sociology and history of science at Neuchatel from 1925 to 1929; history of scientific thinking at Geneva from 1929 to 1939; the International Bureau of Education from 1929 to 1967; psychology and sociology at Lausanna from 1938 to 1951; sociology at Geneva from 1939 to 1952, then genetic and experiment psychology from 1940 to 1971." Piaget "was reportedly the only Swiss to be invited at the Sorbonne from 1952 to 1963. In 1955, he created and directed until his death the International Center for Genetic Epistemology."

Page 7: By: E. Leticia Cerda Cognitive & Behaviorist. Jean Piaget August 9, 1896 – September 16, 1980

                                                                                                                                                     Stages of Cognitive Development

*The stages of cognitive development are what guide educators in the understanding of how children learn.

Page 8: By: E. Leticia Cerda Cognitive & Behaviorist. Jean Piaget August 9, 1896 – September 16, 1980

The four stages in cognitive development are: 1.Sensorimoter is the first. This stage begins at birth and continues to two years of age. The child is very exploratory in this stage, repeatedly placing things in their mouth, shaking objects, and using their senses and motor skills to discover new objects. 2.Pre-Operational and occurs from two to six years of age. The child is very egocentric in this stage, thinking that the world revolves around them. The child also uses symbols such as imitation, language, and art to represent experiences.3. Concrete Operational and occurs from six to eleven years of age. In this stage, the child’s views of egocentrism go away and logical and systematic thinking skills develop. The child is also able to tell the difference between reality and pretend, and tend to pay more attention to how things change, especially in the conservation areas of number, length, liquid, mass, weight, area, and volume. 4.Formal Operational and occurs from eleven to adulthood, although in some people this stage may never develop. Intelligence is shown by the reasonable use of symbols and relating these symbols to concepts that are abstract. The person begins to think critically and logically and hypothesize events. The person hypothesizes possibilities that may happen in the future and not just in the present.

*These stages help educators to take a look at what is going inside the minds of children at specific age groups. Incorporating these stages helps educators plan appropriate activities for certain age groups so that they will stimulate and challenge children without overloading them with knowledge beyond their development stage.

Page 9: By: E. Leticia Cerda Cognitive & Behaviorist. Jean Piaget August 9, 1896 – September 16, 1980

Books he published:He published a lot of texts during his lifetime. This included over 50 books and 500 papers, and exactly 37 volumes in a series called "Etudes d’Epistemologie Genetique"(Studies in Genetic Epistemology). Piaget’s books are all very interesting, important, unique, and credible. Those who have studied and read Piaget’s books single out The Moral Judgment of the Child, one of Piaget’s first five books, The psychology of Intelligence, The Construction of Reality in the Child, based on the observation of his own children, The Growth of Logical Thinking from Childhood to Adolescence, The Psychology of the Child, and Insights and Illusions of Philosophy.

Page 10: By: E. Leticia Cerda Cognitive & Behaviorist. Jean Piaget August 9, 1896 – September 16, 1980

Piaget's Understanding of KnowledgeHis accomplishments derived from how he understood the way that knowledge developed and from working with children. He would play, question, study, and talk with his own children and with others to try to understand the way that their knowledge processed. As he continued to work, he was able to come up with a hard copy for typical development of the cognitive mind in children. At the end all his information was uutstanding and credited of how simple they were, and compared to how deep his thoughts were, and how they endured the ultimate "test of time."

Page 11: By: E. Leticia Cerda Cognitive & Behaviorist. Jean Piaget August 9, 1896 – September 16, 1980

Behaviorist

Page 12: By: E. Leticia Cerda Cognitive & Behaviorist. Jean Piaget August 9, 1896 – September 16, 1980

Ivan Petrovich Pavlov1849-1936

Page 13: By: E. Leticia Cerda Cognitive & Behaviorist. Jean Piaget August 9, 1896 – September 16, 1980

Background of Ivan Pavlov

• According to Mindy Lautenheiser “Ivan Petrovich Pavlov was born on September 14, 1849, at Ryazan, Russia.

• Because he was born into a large family, poverty was always an issue. His father, Peter Dmitrievich Pavlov was the village priest and young Ivan tended to the church property. Pavlov inherited many of his father’s characteristics including a strong will to succeed”.

• Ivan was the oldest sibling and was also the healthiest. Pavlov was educated to enter priesthood but elected to be a scientist. In 1881, Pavlov married Seraphima (Sara) Vasilievna Karchevskaya, a teacher, the daughter of a doctor in the Black Sea fleet. She had one miscarriage which was said to be due to her having to run after her very fast- walking husband.

• They had a son, Wirchik, who died very suddenly as a child; three sons, Vladimir, Victor, and Vsevolod, on e of whom was a well- known physicist and professor of physics at Leningrad in 1925, and a daughter, Vera. Dr. Pavlov died in Leningrad on February 27, 1936.

Page 14: By: E. Leticia Cerda Cognitive & Behaviorist. Jean Piaget August 9, 1896 – September 16, 1980

Education• 1870: Leaving his religious career, Pavlov

enrolled to take a natural science course at the University of St. Petersburg.

• 1875: Graduated from the University of St. Petersburg and took an assistantship from Cyon in his laboratory at the Military-Medical Academy; received the degree of Candidate of Natural Sciences

• Summer of 1877 : He spent time in Physiological Laboratory of Professor R. Heidenhain at Breslau

• 1879: Graduated from the Military-Medical Academy

• 1879: Completed third course of study at the Academy of Medical Surgery; awarded his first gold medal

Page 15: By: E. Leticia Cerda Cognitive & Behaviorist. Jean Piaget August 9, 1896 – September 16, 1980

Major Theories

• Pavlov began experiments with dogs that proved their reflexes could be conditioned by external stimuli. He would condition the dogs by the ringing of a bell at feeding time. These dogs would salivate upon hearing the bell, whether or not food was present. This is what he called Classical Conditioning.

Page 16: By: E. Leticia Cerda Cognitive & Behaviorist. Jean Piaget August 9, 1896 – September 16, 1980

Ivan’s Beliefs

• ' Only one thing in life is of actual interest to us - our physical experience. Its mechanism, however, has been, and remains, wrapped in a deep mystery '

Page 17: By: E. Leticia Cerda Cognitive & Behaviorist. Jean Piaget August 9, 1896 – September 16, 1980

Terms• Unconditioned stimulus (UCS) - stimulus that causes

a natural response. • Unconditioned response (UCR) - natural inbuilt

reflex to a stimulus. • Conditioned stimulus (CS) - a stimulus that causes a

natural learned response due to association with a previous inbuilt response.

• Conditioned response (CR) - a natural learned reflex to a stimulus due to association with another inbuilt response.

Page 18: By: E. Leticia Cerda Cognitive & Behaviorist. Jean Piaget August 9, 1896 – September 16, 1980

Stimulus and Response

• “The site or smell of food (the unconditioned stimulus) causes the dog to salivate (the unconditioned response)”.

Page 19: By: E. Leticia Cerda Cognitive & Behaviorist. Jean Piaget August 9, 1896 – September 16, 1980

Ordinary Neural Stimulus

• “Ordinarily a neural stimulus, such as a bell ring does not cause the dog to salivate. There is no response to food, only to a sound where the dog may move it's ears”.

Page 20: By: E. Leticia Cerda Cognitive & Behaviorist. Jean Piaget August 9, 1896 – September 16, 1980

Conditioned Response

• “We can condition the dog to respond to the tone. We ring the bell and immediately follow it with food. This should be repeated several times”.

Page 21: By: E. Leticia Cerda Cognitive & Behaviorist. Jean Piaget August 9, 1896 – September 16, 1980

The Dog Will Salivate

• “Eventually, the dog will salivate

(conditioned response) at the sound of the bell alone (the conditioned

stimulus). The dog has associated

the tone with food”.

Page 22: By: E. Leticia Cerda Cognitive & Behaviorist. Jean Piaget August 9, 1896 – September 16, 1980

Pavlov Institute of Physiology

• Pavlov Institute was founded in 1925. He was the first Nobel prize winner in theoretical medicine. He investigated problems of physiology, pathology, and genetics of the nervous activity, his investigations were on animals and humans higher nervous activity. The Pavlov Institute of Physiology of the Russian Academy of Science is the largest physiological institution of the country.